• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.705-708
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• 2009

This research describes a neural network-based phoneme segmenter for recognizing spontaneous speech. The input of the phoneme segmenter for spontaneous speech is 16th order mel-scaled FFT, normalized frame energy, ratio of energy among 0~3[KHz] band and more than 3[KHz] band. All the features are differences of two consecutive 10 [msec] frame. The main body of the segmenter is single-hidden layer MLP(Multi-Layer Perceptron) with 72 inputs, 20 hidden nodes, and one output node. The segmentation accuracy is 78% with 7.8% insertion.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-102
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• 1988

An experimental study on seedling production and wintering to develop pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata culture in Korea was carried out. from December 1986 to November 1988 in waters of Kori and of Seogwipo as wintering and of Eogu as culturing grounds. All pearl oysters as the sample were imported from Japan. The highest water temperature at Eogu was $23.6^{\circ}C$ in August and the lowest at Kori and Seogwipo were $13.2^{\circ}C$ and $14.0^{\circ}C$c in February, respectively, Phytoplankton was relatively plentiful but mortality of pearl oysters was $20.5\%$, which was twice at Seogwipo, due to high amount of suspended muds. It shows that Seogwipo is better wintering ground even though the amount of phytoplankton is lower than Kori. Average rates of pearl production after 6-months and 15-months period were $58.2\%$ and $48.3\%$ respecitively. Thickness of pearl layer and coating rate were also satisfactory. More than half of the pearls produced was so-called the pink-pearl, the best colour. About $10\%$ of them was the best quality. There were three peaks of D-shape larvae from July to September and it took about one month for D-shape larvae to become seed-shells. Settling was satisfactory and most of them settled at 1$\~$3 m layer and the best was 2 m-layer. Success of settling was supposed due to high water temperature and low precipitation than the normal year.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2010

천연기념물 제395호 진주 가진리 새발자국과 공룡발자국 화석산지는 1997년 5월 20일, 경남과학교육원 신축 공사장에서 당시 경남과학고등학교 교사로 근무하던 백광석(현재 서상중고등학교 교장)에 의해 최초로 발견되어, 수 백 점의 새발자국 화석과 공룡발자국 화석들이 학계에 알려지게 되었다. 지금까지도 세계 여러나라의 중생대 새 발자국 중에서 가장 밀도가 높은 화석산지로 손꼽히고 있으며 많은 학자들의 관심을 받고 있다. 이곳의 지질은 백악기 하양층군 함안층 하부의 적색 이암 또는 셰일과 사암의 호층으로 구성되어 있고, 새발자국 화석들은 적색 이암에서 발견된다. 현재, 이 화석산지는 경남과학교육원 건물 내부에 위치하고 있으며, '화석문화재전시관'이라는 명칭으로 보호 및 관리되고 있기때문에 자연재해와 풍화에 의한 침식을 1차적으로 막고 있다. 이 화석산지는 우리나라에서는 천연기념물 제394호 해남 우항리 화석산지와 함께 현장을 그대로 보존하면서 화석의 보존과 관리를 동시에 할 수 있는 건물을 지어 자연사교육을 진행할 수 있는 곳으로 많은 학생들을 대상으로 우리나라의 소중한 화석을 직접 관찰하고 학습하는 체험교육이 가능하다. 원격조종카메라 시스템을 활용하여 관람객이 직접 자신이 원하는 발자국 화석을 세부적으로 관찰할 수 있게 장치한 interactive system은 과학교육 효과를 증진시킨다. 선행 연구에 의하면, 본 화석산지에서 익룡의 발자국 화석(KS 071)도 공룡이나 새발자국과 같은 층리면에서 서로 겹쳐서 나타난다고 보고되었으나, 본 연구에 의해 다시 조사된 결과 전형적인 익룡의 발자국 화석에서 보이는 분명한 특징들을 발견할 수 없었다. 물갈퀴를 가진 새발자국 가운데에서 Uhangrichnus chuni 와 Jindongornipes kimi 로 기재된 표본들에 대하여서도 새롭게 분석하였다. Uhangrichnus chuni로 기재된 많은 표본들은 II-IV번 발가락 사이의 각, 물갈퀴의 형태, 뚜렷한 hallux 등의 형태적 특징을 근거로 할 때, 대부분이 Ignotorinis yangi로 판단된다. Jindongornipes kimi로 기재된 표본들은 이미 기재된 표본보다 크기가 적어도 10%-25%가 작으며, II-IV번 발가락 사이의 각에서 차이를 보인다.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.185-190
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• 2020

Titanium is widely used as an implant material due to its excellent biocompatibility, but has a problem due to high cost and high Young's modulus compared to bone. Magnesium alloy is attracting attention as a material to replace it. Magnesium alloy, like titanium, has excellent biocompatibility and has a Young's modulus similar to that of bone. However, there are corrosion resistance problems due to corrosion, and various surface treatment methods are being studied to solve them. In this study, the ceramic coating layer was grown on the surface of the AZ31 magnesium alloy in an electrolytic solution containing EDTA, and the properties of the formed coating were analyzed through SEM and XRD to analyze the microstructure and shape, and measured the micro hardness of the coating layer. Corrosion properties in the body were evaluated through a corrosion test in SBF solution, a component similar to blood plasma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.815-819
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• 2008

The colored rice, particularly black rice, has been well characterized to possess antioxidant properties. Rice bran, a by-product of the rice milling process, contains high levels of several phytochemicals which have antioxidant activities as well as health-beneficial properties. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts from milling fractions and whole grain of two black rice cultivars. Whole black rice of the two cultivars were milled into rice bran and endosperm using the gradual milling system. These were evaluated for antioxidative activities by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. To determine the antioxidant compounds in the methanolic extract from the milling fractions, the content of polyphenolics, flavonoids, anthocycanins and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were measured by spectrophotometric methods and vitamin E analysis was carried out by HPLC. The yield of whole black rice, rice bran, and endosperm were 3.1, 15.3, and 0.9% for Heugjinjubyeo and 2.7, 15.5, and 1.1% for Heugkwangbyeo, respectively. The methanolic extracts from rice bran showed generally higher antioxidant activities than the extracts from whole grain and endosperm. In addition, antioxidant compounds distributed much higher contents in rice bran extract than in the extracts from whole grain and endosperm. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic compounds. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant activity in black rice bran are considered to have significant health benefits.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.56-67
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• 2024

This study aims to characterize the material of the finishing materials used in the No.1 stone chamber tomb of the Baekje-era tumuli in Songjeri, Naju with mineralogical, chemical, and physical analyses. The finishing material is a mixture of white lumps and fragments, presumed to be shells, that remain on the surface and between the gaps of the stone walls inside the tomb. The analysis results revealed that the main constituent mineral of the finishing material is calcite. Infrared spectroscopy showed peaks due to calcium carbonate, and thermal reaction decarbonation in the 700~800℃ range, high calcium content, and loss on ignition were confirmed. Therefore, the main material of the finishing materials was determined to be lime, and since no aggregates such as sand or gravel were found, it was identified as lime paste. The shell fragments mixed into the lime paste appear dark blue or grayish-white in color, with no original shape remaining. The surface has a layered structure, and microscopic observations revealed prismatic layers with a columnar structure and nacreous layers with a consistent orientation, suggesting that the shells are from bivalve mollusks. Additionally, X-ray imaging of the shell fragments showed holes and tunnels caused by boring marine organisms both on the surface and inside, and radiocarbon dating results confirmed that the dating of the shells was consistent with the construction period of the tomb. It is concluded that the finishing material used in Tomb No. 1 in Songje-ri, Naju, was lime paste mixed with shell fragments, and the lime was made using the shells of bivalve mollusks as the raw material.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 2002

In Korea, many open-air upper palaeolithic sites are located at the river valley, particularly exposed in gently rotting terrain along the river course. They are situated at an altitude less trail 30 m above present river bottom, and covered with the blankets of slope deposits of several meters in thickness. The purpose of this research is to eluridate depositional and vegetational environment of the alluvial upper palaeolithic Jangheung-ri sites on the basis of analytical properties of grain size population, chronology, palynology, soil chemistry and clay mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility of the Jangheung-ri Quaternary formations. The lithostratograpy of Jangheung-ri sit is subdivided into 3 layers based on the depositional sequence and radiocarbon ages. From bottom to top, they are composed of slope deposits with lower paleosol layers, young fluvial sand and gravel with backswamp organic muds, and upper paleosol layers. The upper paleosol was formed under rather dry climatic condition between each flooding period. Dessication cracks were prevalent in the soil solum which was filled with secondarily minuted fragments due to pedogenetic process. The soil structure shows typical braided-typed cracks in the root part of cracking texture, and more diversified pattern of crackings downward. The young fluvial sand gravel were formed by rather perennial streams after LGM. The main part of organic muds was particularly formed after 15Ka. Local backswamp were flourished with organic muds and graded suspension materials in the flooding muds were intermittently accumulated in the organic muds until ca. 11Ka. This episode was associated with migration of Nam River toward present course. Organic muds were formed in backswamp or local pond. Abies/Picea-Betula with Ranunculaceae, Compositae, Cyperaceae were prevalent. This period is characterized with B$\Phi$lling, Older Dryas, Allerod, and Younger Dryas (MIS-1). Stone artefacts were found in the lower paleosol layers formed as old as 18Ka-22Ka. Based on the artefacts and landscape settings of the Jangheung-ri site, it is presumed that settlement grounds of old people were buried by frequent floodings of old Nam River, the river-beds of which were heavily fluctuated laterally and river-bed erosions were activated from south to north in Jangheung-ri site until the terminal of LGM9ca 17Ka).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2017

2013년 국내 시설(비닐, 유리 온실)에서 재배되는 토마토, 풋고추, 파프리카의 생산량은 총 632,315 톤으로 잎, 줄기 등 발생되는 부산물은 수확량의 약 30%에 해당되는 189,695 톤으로 추정되며 대부분 노지에 방치 유실되거나, 소각 처리된다. 본 연구에서는 이처럼 단순 폐기되는 농업폐기물을 재활용한 고형연료 제조에 필요한 건조장치를 개발하고 실험을 통해 그 성능을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 건조용량 100 kg/hr인 실험실용 건조기를 제작하였다. 경상남도 진주시 농업기술원 온실에서 재배되는 파프리카, 토마토, 딸기, 가지, 고추 등의 부산물을 실험원료로 사용하였다. 원료성상, 원료이송방식, 송풍량, 건조온도, 건조시간에 따른 부산물 건조특성을 파악하였다. 원료를 비교적 짧게 절단하고 열풍이 배출되는 다공판위를 견인형 컨베어로 이송시키는 형태의 경우 건조실험 결과 세절된 원료에서 추출된 내부 수분이 외부로 유출되어 원료들 사이의 공극을 채워 건조공기가 원료층을 통과하지 못하게 하고, 특히 $100^{\circ}C$ 이상 고온에 노출되는 경우 원료표면에 잔류하는 유출 수분이 건조되면서 막을 형성하여 내부 원료들은 전혀 건조가 되지 못하는 현상이 관측되었다. 이러한 원료내부의 공극형성 불량으로 국부적으로 공기가 통과되는 부분만 집중적으로 급격한 건조가 진행되고 공급된 건조공기 대부분이 이 부분으로 유출되어 효과적인 건조가 전혀 진행되지 못하였다. 피건조물 사이의 공극형성을 위해 원료를 절단하지 않고 수행한 건조실험 결과 건조 풍량 및 온도에 따라 건조속도 및 처리용량이 다르게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있다. 특히 송풍량과 압력을 증가 시킨 건조 결과로 건조 상하층 간 불균일 건조 해소 및 건조속도, 건조능력에서 연구목표 치를 상회하는 결과를 보여준다. 특히 건조공기온도 $150^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 풍량을 증가시켜서 원하는 건조작업 수행이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3C
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• pp.113-120
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• 2012

An actual slope failure was analyzed in residual soils at Jinju. Due to rainfall infiltration, the safety factor decreases in the unsaturated layers, since the effective stress and shear strength decrease. In this study, the effective stress is based on suction stress using soil water retention curve. Unsaturated properties were evaluated on soil water retention curve, hydraulic conductivity and shear strength with samples from the site. After infiltration analysis of unsaturated flow under the actual rainfall, the distribution of pore water pressure could be calculated in the slope layers. In the stress field of finite elements, an elastic analysis calculated total stress distribution in the layers and also shear stresses on the slip surface using elastic model. On the slip surface, suction stress and effective stress evaluated the shear strength. As a result, the factor of safety was calculated due to rainfall, which could simulate the actual slope failure. In particular, it was found that the suction stress increases and both the effective stress and the shear strength decrease simultaneously on the slip surface.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.325-338
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• 1998

105 oriented samples (19 matrix samples, 86 cobble samples) were collected from the Silla Coglomerate Formation in Jinju and Goryeong areas to clarify the regional remagnetization of Cretaceous Kyongsang supergroup. Both the alternating field and thermal demagnetizations were conducted for the collected samples. The characteristic remanent magnetizations of these samples divided into three types in the Silla Conglomerate Formation: The ingredient magnetic minerals are magnetite, hematite, or both magnetite and hematite in a specimen. The characteristic remanent directions of cobble samples did not clustered to any direction. And the characteristic remanent directions of interbedded sandstones in the Silla Conglomerate Formation is $D/I=20.6^{\circ}/54.5^{\circ}$ (${\alpha}_{95}=11.1^{\circ}$, k=48.8) after tilting correction, agree with previous paleomagnetic studies on the Hayang group. These results implied that conglomerate test was passed indicating no regional remagnetization in the studied area after deposition of the Silla Conglomerate Formation.