An Experimental Study on Pearl Oyster (Pinctada fucata) Culture

인공진주 양식에 관한 시험연구

  • CHO Chang-Hwan (Department of Aquaculture, Tong-yeong Fisheries Technical College) ;
  • KWON Woo-Seop (Department of Aquaculture, Tong-yeong Fisheries Technical College) ;
  • KIM Moo-Sang (Department of Aquaculture, Tong-yeong Fisheries Technical College) ;
  • KIM Nam-Gil (Department of Aquaculture, Tong-yeong Fisheries Technical College) ;
  • LIM Dong-Taik
  • Published : 1988.11.01

Abstract

An experimental study on seedling production and wintering to develop pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata culture in Korea was carried out. from December 1986 to November 1988 in waters of Kori and of Seogwipo as wintering and of Eogu as culturing grounds. All pearl oysters as the sample were imported from Japan. The highest water temperature at Eogu was $23.6^{\circ}C$ in August and the lowest at Kori and Seogwipo were $13.2^{\circ}C$ and $14.0^{\circ}C$c in February, respectively, Phytoplankton was relatively plentiful but mortality of pearl oysters was $20.5\%$, which was twice at Seogwipo, due to high amount of suspended muds. It shows that Seogwipo is better wintering ground even though the amount of phytoplankton is lower than Kori. Average rates of pearl production after 6-months and 15-months period were $58.2\%$ and $48.3\%$ respecitively. Thickness of pearl layer and coating rate were also satisfactory. More than half of the pearls produced was so-called the pink-pearl, the best colour. About $10\%$ of them was the best quality. There were three peaks of D-shape larvae from July to September and it took about one month for D-shape larvae to become seed-shells. Settling was satisfactory and most of them settled at 1$\~$3 m layer and the best was 2 m-layer. Success of settling was supposed due to high water temperature and low precipitation than the normal year.

우리나라 진주양식에서 개발되어야 할 모패의 수급과 월동기술 등에 목적을 두고 1986년 12월부터 1988년 11월까지 시험조사를 하였다. 일본산 진주조개 (2연패)를 시료로 하여, 양성과 시술은 어구 앞바다에서, 월동은 고리와 서귀포 앞바다에서, 유생조사와 채묘시험은 한산만에서 실시하였다. 1. 어구양성장의 최고수온은 8월중 $23.6^{\circ}C$이었고 월동기간중 최하수온은 고리는 $13.2^{\circ}C$, 서귀포는 $14.0^{\circ}C$이었다. 먹이생물은 비교적 많은 편이지만 고리에는 부착생물 이외에도 뻘 등이 많아 전부착물의 $19.5\%$나 되었다 (어구와 서귀포는 각각 $13.2\%$$4.5\%$이었다). 2. 어구에서 성패의 성장은 양호한 편이었고 연령이 적은 조개일수록 성장이 빨랐다. 월동기간중 고리에서는 서귀포에 비해 성장은 약간 좋았으나 사망률은 약 2배나 되어 $20.5\%$이었다. 3. 진주의 생산율은 당년산이 $58.2\%$이었고 월동산은 $48.3\%$로 성적이 좋았다. 진주층의 두께는 당년산이 0.35 mm, 월동산은 0.47 mm이었으며, 핑크색이 가장 많아 $53.7\%$이었지만 가치가 적은 노란색도 $22.8\%$나 되었다. 품질 특급은 약 $10\%$이었다. 4. D형유생의 출현성기가 3차례 있었다. $10\%$정도가 성숙부유유생이 되었고 D형유생이 채묘기에 부착하는데는 약 1개월이 소요되었다. 부착은 1$\~$3 m층에 많았고 2 m층에 가장 많아, 삼나무가지 30 cm당 30$\~$40미이었다. 채묘장인 한산만에는 양성중인 모패가 많았고 수온이 높고 강수양이 적었던게 성공적인 채묘의 원인인 것 같았다.

Keywords