• Journal of Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.239-257
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• 2019

This study attempts to understand the context of shared learning in the trading zone formed by teachers from different backgrounds and the process in which this shared learning varies in the educational context, focusing on the case of 'Woodwork Science Education Study Group.' To do this, data was collected through in-depth interviews with eight teachers who participated in the 'Woodworking Science Education Research Group' and analyzed their responses based on grounded theory. As a result, the causal conditions of the teachers' research group were 'various contexts of entering the trading zone' and the central phenomenon was 'encounter with learning in the trading zone.' Contextual conditions affecting this phenomenon were 'woodwork as a boundary object and individual transfiguration experience,' and action/interaction strategy was 'various efforts and influences in the field.' The intervention condition was 'practical effort and experience in educational field.' Final result in this model is 'the new practice of learning shared in the trading zone.' In selective coating, it was found that the practice of the teacher's research group appears as four types of' 'Extracurricular creative experience type,' 'career education type,' 'curricula education type,' and 'school management type.' The results of this study suggest that the shared learning and antonymous practice among teachers in the teachers' research group as trading zone do not only meet their learning needs but also lead to various teaching practices in the individual teachers' context of education and improve the diversity and quality of education.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.307-343
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• 2010

This study, based on grounded theory, explores the child-rearing process of defecting North Korea women in South Korea. Interviews were conducted with five defecting North Korea women who had children. With the permission of the participants, the interviews were recorded with the digital recorder and transcribed by the researchers. Data were collected with in-depth interviews and observations until they were saturated. The interviews were analysed according to the constant comparative method used in grounded theory. The study derived 86 concepts, 31 subcategories and 11 categories in open coding. A core category was 'enduring hardships with hopes for children's success ' in selective coding. And The child-rearing process of the defecting North Korea women takes 'stage of entry', 'stage of confrontation', 'stage of struggle', 'stage of adjustment' and 'stage of hope for children's success'. The findings of the study will be useful in seeking an effective social welfare intervention plan for successful child-rearing of defecting North Korea women in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

In the recent years, the internet has become accessible without limitation of time and location to anyone with smartphones. It resulted in more convenient travel information access both on the pre-trip and en-route phase. The main objective of this study is to conduct a stationary test for traffic information web/mobile application access indexes from TCS (Toll Collection System); and analyzing the relationship between the web/mobile application access indexes and actual traffic volume on expressways, in order to analyze searching behavior of expressway related travel information. The key findings of this study are as follows: first, the results of ADF-test and PP-test confirm that the web/mobile application access indexes by time periods satisfy stationary conditions even without log or differential transformation. Second, the Pearson correlation test showed that there is a strong and positive correlation between the web/mobile application access indexes and expressway entry and exit traffic volume. In contrast, truck entry traffic volume from TCS has no significant correlation with the web/mobile application access indexes. Third, the time gap relationship between time-series variables (i.e., concurrent, leading and lagging) was analyzed by cross-correlation tests. The results indicated that the mobile application access leads web access, and the number of mobile application execution is concurrent with all web access indexes. Lastly, there was no web/mobile application access indexes leading expressway entry traffic volumes on expressways, and the highest correlation was observed between webpage view/visitor/new visitor/repeat visitor/application execution counts and expressway entry volume with a lag of one hour. It is expected that specific individual travel behavior can be predicted such as route conversion time and ratio if the data are subdivided by time periods and areas and utilizing traffic information users' location.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.105-149
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• 1997

이 논문에서는 남북한 관계를 중심으로 분쟁해소와 협력관계 구축에 있어서 신뢰(信賴)가 할 수 있는 역할(役割)에 대해 검토해 보았다. 이 논문의 모델은 Kreps-Wilson(1982)의 신규진입 게임을 협력관계 구축이라는 새로운 상황에 맞게 변환시킨 순차적 게임모델로서 유한반복(有限反復) 게임구도와 비대칭적(非對稱的) 정보소유(情報所有)를 그 근간으로 한다. 북한이 남한정부가 진보적이라고 믿는 확률을 남한에 대한 '신뢰(信賴)'라고 정의할 때, 신뢰는 크게 나누어 다음과 같은 역할을 한다. 북한이 남한에 대해 작은 규모의 신뢰감만 가지고 있어도 피의자(被疑者)의 딜레마 (Prisoner's Dilemma) 상황을 피할 수 있으며 상당한 기간동안 남북협력관계(南北協力關係)가 지속될 수 있다. 왜냐하면 보수적 성향의 남한정부도 북한이 개혁정책을 추진할 때 대북(對北) 압박정책 대신 포용정책(包容政策)을 통해 얻을 수 있는 수익이 적지 않은 점을 고려하여 상당기간동안 포용정책을 선택할 동기가 있기 때문이다. 하지만 이와 같이 자신의 성향을 은폐하는 위장행동의 가능성이 높은 동안 신뢰(信賴)는 쉽게 증진되지 않는다. 다만 남북한이 협력을 통해 실질적인 수익을 얻을 수 있을 뿐이다. 남북협력관계를 구축하기 위해 남한이 할 수 있는 일은 정책대응에 소요되는 시간을 줄이는 한편, 개혁정책을 통해 북한이 얻을 수 있는 기대수익(期待收益)을 늘리고 남한에 배신당할 경우 입는 피해를 줄여주는 것이다. 특히 장기적인 관점에서 북한의 기대수익을 점진적으로 늘려 '신뢰도(信賴度)가 넘어야 할 문턱'을 낮추는 것이 효과적인 정책이다. 따라서 남북관계를 진전시키기 위해서는 북한의 지속적인 개혁을 조건으로 북한의 기대수익이 점진적으로 증가하는 KEDO식의 장기적 경협사업(經協事業)을 고안하여 추진해야 한다. 이에 반해 인도주의적 명분하에 일과성의 식량지원을 북한에 제공하는 것은 북한의 구조적(構造的) 경제난(經濟難) 해소나 남북관계의 지속적 진전에 별 도움이 안되는 정책이다. 북한은 북한 나름대로 남한을 한번 믿어볼 필요가 있다. 왜냐하면 상대방에 대한 불신(不信)은 결국 협력관계가 유지될 수 있는 기간을 감축시켜 비효율적인 결과를 초래하기 때문이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

The vortex flow and aerodynamic load characteristics of a $65^{\circ}$ sweep delta wing with the leading edge extension in sideslip condition is investigated experimentally. The freestream velocity is 40 m/sec, which corresponds to a Reynolds number per meter of $1.76{\times}10^6$ based on the wing root chord. The angles of attack range from $12^{\circ}$ to $28^{\circ}$, and the sideslip angles treated are $0^{\circ}$ , $-10^{\circ}$, $-20^{\circ}$. The LEX vortex of the leeward side. The LEX and wing vortics coalesce to to become a concentrated strong vortex or to break down at down at downstream position. Due to the interation of the LEX and wing vortices, a high suction pressure is maintained on the windward wing surface, and a low suction pressure is formed on the leeward wing surface

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.178-189
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• 2004

For designing a reliable harbor, a methodology for estimating design waves of 97.5% operable harbor condition is suggested using long-term wave data. For a practical application of the methodology, a marine police harbor was selected as a site. Wave data used were collected from February 1993 to December 2003 at Jodo wave gage station in front of Pusan harbor. Joint distributions of significant wave height and significant wave period for specified wave directions were obtained and used to feed as input waves for parabolic mild-slope wave model. Results showed that input waves with significant wave height of 1.75 m, significant wave period off sec and wave direction E yield design waves height of 1.06 m at the site of interests, which is a 97.5% operable harbor condition. Wind waves generated inside harbor showed to be no effect on the design wave condition. Swells propagated from deep water into harbor are shown to be dominant effects on the design waves of operable harbor condition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.397-406
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• 2014

Recently, China has expanded enormously its economic trade exchange bilaterally with other nations and developed as the second largest aviation market in the world. While open skies bilateral agreements were signed between China and other countries, the agreement processes influenced the aviation market structure and market sharing heavily. This paper analyzed the Chinese aviation market by such three angles as market scale, competitive situation, and market concentration. It is concluded that the Chinese aviation market is the oligopolistic market structure tested by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Finally, suggestions are given to the airlines operating in China such as joining the air alliance, paying attention to a different frequent flyer program (FFP) etc.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.71-88
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• 2013

Probability of technology risk is expected to increase as the post catch-up innovation, characterized by high uncertainty and high risk, would dominate in the coming era of post catchup. Social controversy on online game as a post catch-up innovation is still ongoing, though the shutdown law was enacted by the government. Socio-technical vulnerability causing technology risk paradoxically arose from the world top-level ICT infrastructures and has been reinforced by developmentalism. While both the pros and cons of the regulation fail to recognize dilemma objectively, social cost is brought about and accumulated. With recognizing dilemma between technology innovation and risks, we can tackle technology risks and ensure responsible innovation in post catch-up era.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.53-69
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• 2007

The convergence of telecommunications and broadcasting is representative of many innovative technologies in the digital environment. It has recently been emphasized as an alternative solution to overcome the on-going saturation of the telecommunications and broadcasting markets. Despite this effort, however, growth of the market and its related services cannot reach prior expectations due to lack of understanding on the real user-end. Telecommunications technology used to serve its instrumental purpose and broadcasting services usually support entertainment functions which in themselves have an inherent value. Our research questions what factors influence users' attitude and decision-making when it comes to using telecommunications-broadcasting convergence services. The research model of this paper proposes intrinsic motivator focusing on hedonic value, extrinsic motivator having utilitarian values, and perceived control as internal and external conditions. To verify our model empirically, we selected the DMB technology which is a good example of distinctive telecommunications-broadcasting convergence service.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.89-96
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• 2017

This Paper proposes a vehicle detection system and a license plate recognition system from CCTV images installed on public roads. Since the environment of this system acquires the image in the general road environment, the stable condition applied to the existing vehicle entry / exit system is not given, and the input image is distorted and the resolution is irregular. At the same time, the viewing angle of the input image is more wide, so that the computation load is high and the recognition accuracy of the plate is likely to be lowered. In this paper, we propose an improved method to detect and recognize a license plate without a separate input control devices. The vehicle and license plate were detected based on the HOG feature descriptor, and the characters inside the license plate were recognized using the k-NN algorithm. Experimental environment was set up for the roads more than 45m away from the CCTV, Experiments were carried out on an entry vehicle capable of visually identifying license plate and Experimental results show good results of the proposed method.