• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2009

Purpose : To assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), karyotyping, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), electroencephalogram (EEG), tandem mass screening test, and newborn metabolic screening test in children with language delay for diagnosing underlying diseases. Methods : From January 2000 to June 2007, a retrospective chart review was performed for 122 children with language delay who visited the Child Neurology Clinic at Yeungnam University Hospital and who underwent neuropsychologic tests and other diagnostic evaluations for underlying diseases. They were grouped into phenomenological diagnostic categories, and test results were analyzed according to the underlying diseases. Results : Of 122 patients, 47 (38.5%) had mental retardation, 40 (32.8%) had developmental language disorders, 23 (18.9 %) had borderline IQ, and 12 (9.8%) had autism spectrum disorder. In 26 (21.3%) cases, the causes or relevant clinical findings to explain language delay were found. Eight (10.4%) of 77 MRIs, 6 (8.0%) of 75 EEGs, and 4 (5%) of 80 BAEPs showed abnormal results. Results directly attributed to diagnosing underlying diseases were 2 hearing defects in BAEPs and 1 bilateral perisylvian cortical dysplasia in MRIs. No abnormal results were found in karyotyping, tandem mass screening tests, and new-born screening tests. Conclusion : Commonly used tests to diagnose the cause of language delay are not very effective and should only be used selectively, according to patient characteristics. However, despite the low diagnostic yields from these tests, because many patients show abnormal results, these tests are useful when conducted in complete evaluation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.288-293
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• 2004

Purpose: increased uptake of wrist and hand joints in three phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) have been used in the detection of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). TPBS frequently shows increased shoulder uptake in the hemiplegic RSDS patients. We investigated the significance of the shoulder uptake in the detection of these patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty three patients who had hemiplegia due to brain stroke and diagnosed as RSD were enrolled in this study (M:F=16:7, R:L=11:12). The mean age was $63{\pm}10$ yrs. Ter normal volunteer (mean age: $60{\pm}5$, M:F=1:9) data was used as control group. TPBS was performed $59{\pm}32$ days after stoke (acute stage). We obtained the count ratios of bilateral hands by drawing a region of interest (ROI) in three phase images and compared to the count ratios of shoulders in the delayed image. Hand ROI included an ipsilateral wrist. Sensitivity of detecting the affected limb was defined using the right/left count ratio of normal control. Results: Sensitivities using count ratios of hand blood flow, blood pool and delayed image were 45%, 76% and 78%, respectively. Sensitivity of shoulder count ratio was 74%. Log of right/left counts of hand delayed image and that of shoulder delayed image were correlated well with statistical significance (Spearman's R=0.824, p<0.001). Conclusion: Shoulder uptake showed good correlation with hand uptake in the delayed image of TPBS. Shoulder uptake maybe helpful in the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome in patients with hemiplegia.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.492-496
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• 1995

To evaluate the usefulness of hepatic uptake in neonatal jaundice, Tc-99m-DISIDA cholescintigraphy was reviewed for 13 infants with prolonged mired jaundice and no demonstrable excretion into bowel,even after 24hr. Five patients proved to have biliary atresia. The remainder had neonatal hepatitis. There was no distinct differentiation of the hepatic uptake of tracer at 5 and 10 minutes between biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. The consideration of hepatic uptake rate of the tracer is not useful in differentiating neonatal hepatitis from biliary atresia.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.131-142
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• 2007

The road user cost in indirect costs as well as direct costs such as the inspection/ diagnosis cost and the repair/reinforcement cost should be considered as one of the important items in the life-cycle cost-effective design and maintenance of the bridges. To estimate the road user cost, this paper formulates the road user cost as a sum of the user delay cost and the vehicle operating cost considering the detour effect. A numerical traffic simulation and a regression analysis are performed to develop a regression model due to a time delay. The proposed regression model is applied to the generation of the maintenance strategy based on the life-cycle cost and performance, and its effectiveness and applicability is investigated. The road user cost has a great influence on establishing the maintenance strategy, and the proposed regression model could be successfully utilized to estimate the road user cost of a bridge.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.964-970
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• 2008

Purpose : Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) and propionic aciduria (PA) are inborn errors in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. The study was undertaken to investigate the genotypes and clinical features of Korean patients with MMA and PA. Methods : This study examined 12 patients with MMA and eight with PA. We analyzed various clinical features, laboratory findings, treatments, and neuro-developmental outcomes. Diagnoses were based on the presence of characteristic compounds detected by amino acid analysis in serum and organic acid analysis in urine. Mutation analysis was performed in the genes of MUT, MMAA, MMAB, and MMACHC for MMA and PCCA and PCCB for PA. Results : Among the 20 patients, six patients were diagnosed before one month of age and nine patients were diagnosed after the newborn period. Five patients were diagnosed via a neonatal screening test. Patients with early-onset forms had more severe illness at presentation and generally poor outcomes. A favorable outcome was obtained in 55% patients; most of them were of a late-onset type or diagnosed by neonatal mass screening test without symptoms. Genotypes were confirmed in all patients with MMA. We detected 11 different mutations by MUT gene analysis in 10 patients, and three different mutations in MMACHC genes in two patients. PCCA and PCCB gene mutations were identified in 14 of the 16 alleles, in eight patients with PA. Conclusion : Organic aciduria is a fatal disease; however, better outcomes are expected whenever early diagnosis and prompt management are made possible. Mutation analysis is useful for confirming diagnoses and planning management strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the diagnostic performance and utility of elastography and artificial intelligence program in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodule. In a hospital outpatient clinic, we performed thyroid ultrasound from January 2023 to June 2024, and retrospectively analyzed 126 patients who performed elastography, S-detect, and fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) because nodules were found. The analysis of differences based on cytology results showed statistically significant differences in age, nodule size, echogenicity, nodule orientation, margins, shape, presence of calcification, posterior shadowing, K-TIRADS ultrasound interpretation, S-detect results and elasticity contrast index. The ROC curve analysis determined a cut off value for the elasticity contrast index at 2.32, with diagnostic concordance rates of 0.66 for expert interpretation, 0.49 for S-detect, and 0.67 for the elasticity contrast index, indicating superior diagnostic performance with elastography. Thus, elastography may ge used as an adjunct tool to minimize unnecessary repeat examinations and the frequency of tissue biopsies in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.516-523
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of I-123 MIBG scintigraphy with early planar and SPECT image in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. We reviewed I-123 MIBG scintigraphies of 21 patients who had been suspected to have neuroendocrine tumors by CT or MRI findings. Early 4 hour planar and SPECT images were obtained in all patients and delayed (13-24 hour) planar images were performed in 17 patients. Final diagnoses were made by surgery, biopsy, or clinical follow up. Twelve patients were confirmed to have neuroendocrine tumors. With 4 hour planar and SPECT images, there were 9 true positives(6 pheochromocytomas, 1 paraganglioma, 1 neuroblastoma, and 1 medullary cancer of the thyroid), 8 true negatives(1 adrenal cortical adenoma, 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 1 adenoma in colon and 5 benign nonfunctioning adrenal tumors), 1 false positive(hepatocellular carcinoma) and 3 false negatives(1 recurred medullary cancer of the thyroid, 1 liver metastasis of carcinoid tumor and 1 ganglioneuroma). The sensitivity and specificity of I-123 MIBG scintigraphy were 75% and 89%, respectively. SPECT images provided good anatomical correlation with CT or MRI. Delayed images showed increased tumor to background ratio in 5 out of 8 true positive patients, but did not change the diagnosis. In conclusion, early 4 hour images with I-123 MIBG is clinically convenient and useful method in the detection of neuroendocrine tumors, and SPECT images can provide good anatomical correlation with CT or MRI.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.132-143
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• 2023

Objectives: We aimed to describe the reporting patterns of 6 notifiable surveillance diseases in the Republic of Korea, including water- and foodborne infections, from 2012 to 2021. Methods: For the 12,296 cases that met the reporting criteria, we calculated the number of reported cases, including the number of cases confirmed by lab tests or suspected by a physician, the number of cases with delayed reporting and their average days of delay, and the median days required to report the confirmatory test results. Results: The overall number of reported cases consistently increased over the ten years, with a significant rise in the reported cases of typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and EHEC. Ninety-five percent of all reported cases were timely reported within one day of diagnosis. Vibrio vulnificus had the highest rate of delayed reporting (6.8% delayed over 1 day, 3.0% delayed over 3 days), while cholera had the lowest rate (1.9% delayed over 1 day, 0.1% delayed over 3 days). The average days of delayed reporting was 6.1 days: the highest for paratyphoid fever (10.8 days) and the lowest for cholera (2.7 days). For typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, there has been an increase in the proportion of cases with negative test results. For vibrio vulnificus, there has been an increase in the proportion of cases with confirmed positive test results. As for EHEC, there has been a recent increase in cases with no confirmatory tests. Conclusions: Reported cases of water- and foodborne infectious diseases increased, indicating improved surveillance system completeness. However, for paratyphoid fever, improvements are needed in terms of timely notification by healthcare facilities and timely reporting of confirmatory test results.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.448-452
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• 2001

Coccidioidomycosis is a common infectious disease in southwestern North America, which is caused by the soil fungus, Coccidioides immitis. Due to the mobility of the modem population, increasing numbers of cases are being diagnosed outside the endemic areas. Moreover, diagnosis in non-endenmic areas may be delayed or confused due to its rarity. Here we report a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in an immigrant. The patient presented with unexplained pulmonary symptoms. A history of recent travel to or immigration from an endemic area may suggest coccidioidomycosis. In addition an early tissue biopsy is helpful in establishing this diagnosis.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.393-396
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• 2021

폐색전증(Pulmonary Embolism : PE)은 사망률이 높은 질환중 하나이다. 초기에 정확한 진단 및 치료를 시행하는 경우 사망과 재발의 경우가 흔치 않으나 지연 진단이 일어나는 경우 사망률은 높기 때문에 보다 정확하고 빠른 검사법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 폐색전증 환자의 흉부 CT 데이터를 가지고 딥러닝 알고리즘을 생성하여 소프트웨어를 구현하고자 한다. 개발된 딥러닝 기반의 폐색전증 진단 보조 소프트웨어는 CT 촬영 후 즉각적인 질환 예측으로 판독 시간의 단축과 효율성을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.