• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.605-611
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• 2022

Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a emphasis on capacity building based on computational thinking to foster talent for future. In Korea, SW education has been mandatory since 2018. Since 2017, research has been conducted on the definition of SW education capability and the development of diagnostic tools. At this time, the diagnostic tool for middle school has been revised and supplemented once in 2018 and is used so far. In response to the request from the field to expand the information diagnostic test for middle school to elementary school and high school, it began as one of the 2019 study on the effectiveness of SW leading schools. In this study, we develop a diagnostic tool for elementary and high school based on the diagnostic tool for middle school. Expert validity verification and preliminary inspections are carried out. Preliminary examinations will analyze the reliability, discrimination, and difficulty of the questions, and look forward to seeing the potential as a testing tool in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.808-829
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• 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed noninvasively on multiphasic CT and MRI based on its distinctive imaging findings. These features include arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on portal or delayed phase images. However, radiologists face significant diagnostic challenges because some HCCs exhibit atypical imaging characteristics. In addition to many HCC-mimicking lesions, such as arterioportal shunts, combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and hemangioma present a challenge for radiologists in actual clinical practice. The ability to distinguish HCCs from mimickers on initial imaging examinations is crucial for appropriate management and treatment decisions. Therefore, this pictorial review presents the imaging findings of atypical HCCs and HCCs mimicking malignant and benign lesions and discusses important clues that may help narrow down the differential diagnosis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.561-569
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• 2022

A study was conducted to determine whether there is a difference in the incidence of kidney cancer according to income level and the difference in delayed diagnosis. To this end, the incidence of kidney cancer in Korea was analyzed by income level and by stage. From 2015 to 2017, a national kidney cancer cohort was established by linking the KCCR(Korea Central Cancer Registry), NHISS(National health insurance sharing service), and the HIRA(Health insirance review and assessment service) database to calculate the kidney cancer incidence by stage and income level. During the study period, the incidence of kidney cancer in Korea increased in all income deciles, but decreased only in the medical aid population. The incidence of kidney cancer in Korea was 7.35 per 100,000 people, and 83.54% of them were locoregional kidney cancer. In the top 20% of the income decile, there was a high incidence of 21.46 cases per 100,000 people, among which 18.37 cases were locoregional kidney cancer. On the other hand, even after adjusting for risk factors related to kidney cancer, it was confirmed that the lower the income level, the higher the risk of being diagnosed with kidney cancer with distant metastasis (lowest income 20% adj.OR 1.807, 95% CI 1.411-2.222). In the insured population, the risk ratio of being diagnosed with unknown stage was 1.926 (95% CI 1.317, 2.816). The higher the income level, the higher the frequency of early cancer diagnosis, but the lower the income level, the higher the risk of being diagnosed with metastatic kidney cancer or an unknown stage, so health inequality according to income level was observed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1998

Purpose: T1-201 SPECT has been used in differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary lesions. While its sensitivity may be high, the specificity and predictive values are reported to be variable depending on the type of benign lung lesion. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the efficacy of T1-201 SPECT for differentiating benign and malignant single pulmonary lesion in a population with a high prevalence of benign pulmonary lesion, especially, tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: One-hundred thirty-three patients, having 89 malignant and 44 benign lesions(23 active tuberculosis, 5 inactive tuberculosis, 3 aspergil-loma, 3 focal pneumonia, 2 thymoma, and 8 others), were imaged using a dual-headed system at 15 minute(early) and 3 hour (delayed) following administration of 111MBq T1-201. The images were read visually and lesion-to-background ratios(L/B) were obtained from transverse tomographic slices. Retention index was expressed as [(delayed L/B- early L/B) $\div$ early L/B]. Results: 82/89(92%) and 83/89(93%) of the malignant lesions were visually positive on the early and delayed images, and 27/44(61%) and 26/44(59%) of the benign lesions were also visually positive on both images. Although a statistically significant difference was found between the mean L/B's of the malignant and benign lesions, L/B was not useful for differentiating the two due to a large overlap. There was no difference in retention indices. Conclusion: Despite of its high sensitivity, the specificity of T1-201 SPECT was unacceptably low in patients with active benign lesions. The positive and negative predictive values for lung cancer in a population with a high prevalence of the benign single pulmonary lesion was only marginal.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 1996

Objective: Standard stress/rest Tc-99m MIBI and T1-201 myocardial perfusion study have some limitations such as stress/rest image overlap for Tc-99m-MIBI, low energy for T1-201 and long period of study time for two separate studies. Separate acquisition rest T1-201/stress Tc-99m MIBI dual isotope study is a potentially efficient myocardial perfusion imaging protocol that combines the high resolution of Tc-99m for stress perfusion assessment and T1-201 for viability assessment. This study assessed the usefulness and diagnostic accuracy for this new approach. Methods: We tried to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of dual isotope separate acquisition protocol in 67 patients. Immediately after resting T1-201 SPECT data was acquired, dipyridamole stress Tc-99m MIBI myocardial perfusion study was performed. Visual analysis was carried out qualitatively with 0 to 3 scoring system for 17 segments of left ventricle in the reconstructed horizontal long axis and short axis slices. Results: Total study was completed within 3 hours. In angiographic correlation, dual isotope SPECT demonstrated high sensitivity(85%) and in a small group of patients, high specificity was also observed (100%). Conclusion: Combined thallium-201/stress Tc-99m MIBI SPECT displayed similiar diagnostic accuracy to protocol using stress/rest Tc-99m MIBI SPECT. This protocol was completed in shorter period than the previous protocols and therefore enhance laboratory throughput and patients convenience.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2003

Purpose : To assess the usefulness of cardiac MR imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and in the assessment of myocardial viability in comparision with T1-201 SPECT. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively studied 17 patients who complained of chest pain and dyspnea with cardiac MRI . The patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of high signal intensity on T2-weighted image (T2wI), abnormal wall motion on 2D-FIESTA, perfusion defect on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI, and delayed myocardial enhancement on 15-minutes delay Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI. The results were correlated with the images on T1-201 SPECT, taken at rest and stress, through which reversibility of perfusion defect was assessed. Results : Both cardiac MRI and T1-201 SPECT proved to be useful methods for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. In order of decreasing correspondence, T2WI, T1-201 SPECT, delayed enhancement study, and wall motion images all showed significant statistical correlation with the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Perfusion MRI, on the other hand, showed no significant statistical difference was found between T1-201 SPECT and cardiac MRI. The results on T2WI showed high accordance with those on Tl-201 SPECT, while delayed myocardial enhancement and wall motion studies showed no agreement with Tl-201 SPECT. Conclusion : Cardiac MRI is useful method for diagnosis of acute myocardiac infarction. With respect to the assessment of myocardial viability, the results obtained on cardiac MRI showed high agreement with those on Tl-201 SPECT. However, further study is necessary at this point for standardization and establishment of the methods for assessing myocardial viability on cardiac MRI.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.367-374
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• 1986

To make better clinical diagnosis, authors reviewed 9 patients of nonchromosomal multiple malformation disorders with psychomotor retardation, who were evaluated at pediatric department of Yeungnam University hospital for recent 2 years. We could make clinical diagnosis in 5 patients out of 9 as Aarskog syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, Rubinstein Taybi syndrome and Weaver syndrome. But even in diagnosed cases, there were many discrepant findings in comparison with typical cases of reference literatures and family history was positive in only one case. Moreover we could not make diagnosis in 4 patients. Therefore we think it is necessary to make a survey of unique pattern, incidence, distribution and etiologic factors of malformation disorders in our country by geneticist and pediatrician as well as to improve the laboratory aids for better diagnosis and genetic counceling.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.669-679
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• 1998

During diagnostic process of the orthodontic patients, it is not unusual to find canine impaction. Generally, the chief complaint of the patients is crowding or antetior crossbite which is not related with canine impaction, but sometimes they complainted delayed eruption of the canine or deviation of the adjacent teeth caused by canine impaction. Orthodondists have to make the proper treatment plan according to final treatment goals. On the following cases, two patients were diagnosed as a malocclusion with canine impaction, and were treated by different accesses, one by extraction, and the other by non-extraction each.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.298-301
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• 2004

KT는 무궁화 3호 위성을 이용한 양방향 위성 통신 사업을 추진하고 있으며, 지상망을 이용하기 어려운 지역에 정부/공공, 에너지 산업, 기업 단일망 등 다양한 산업 분야를 대상으로 초고속 네트워크를 제공하고 있다. 양방향 위성 통신 서비스는 36,000km 상공의 위성 중계기와 지상 간의 통신 지연을 극복하기 위한 첨단 기술로 운용되고 있으며, 중요 데이터에 대한 위성 통신 품질보증 기능을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 위성망의 트래픽을 수집하고 데이터를 로깅하는 위성망 트래픽 수집 도구와 수집된 데이터를 마이닝을 통해 실시간 모니터링하고 통계 정보를 생성하는 위성망 패킷 데이터 분석 도구로 이루어진 위성망 패킷 데이터 분석 시스템에 대해 논한다. 위성망 패킷 데이터 분석 시스템은 데이터 송수신 정보를 모니터링 함으로써 실시간 위성 통신 상태를 점검하고, 전송 지연 및 실패 등의 위성 통신 오류 상태를 조기 진단하고 조치할 수 있는 위성망 품질 보증 서비스를 제공한다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of age and gender on the value of electroretinogram (ERG) in healthy dogs. The ERG responses of 68 eyes of 34 dogs (22 males, 12 females) were recorded following the diagnostic protocol for dogs recommended by International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision under general anesthesia using medetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam combination. There were significant differences in the implicit time of a-wave of Hi-int R & C response among age groups (P < 0.05) and in the implicit time of a-wave of cone response between male and female (P < 0.05). The rest ERG responses seem to be not affected by age and gender of healthy dogs.