• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2001

우리나라의 악취공해는 대기환경보전법상의 한 형태로 간주되고 있으며 일본의 악취방지법 제정당시의 규제기준과 유사한 점이 많다. 그리고 실질적인 악취배출의 평가는 사업장의 부지경계선상에서의 직접측정법에 의해 이루어지는 경우가 대부분이였으나, 최근에 이르러 악취 민원이 빈번히 발생되고 공업지역과 같은 배출원이 많은 지역에 있어서 부지경계선상에서의 직접관능법에 의한 악취평가로는 악취배출원을 특징짓기 어렵다는 점 때문에 배출원에 대한 직접적인 규제가 효과적이라는 인식이 늘고 있다. (중략)

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.579-609
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• 2003

The role of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a channel of knowledge transfer and on the technological spillovers of know-how to other sectors in the economy is in the middle of this debate. Thus, foreign direct investment may have significant positive effects in reducing residual loadings and environmental pollution. There is an abiding concern expressed by many commentators that countries will lower their environmental standards to attract foreign investment, thereby creating so-called "pollution havens." Others argue that increasing foreign investment could promote "pollution halos" by introducing and transferring more efficient and less polluting technologies. The primary objective of this study is to show the dynamic relationship among pollution loadings, pollution abatement effort, and economic development with explicit consideration of FDI-related effects. This study found when foreign direct investment is evaluated in the model, the environmental pollution level is reduced and expenditure on pollution abatement is increased.

• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• s.398
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• pp.16-19
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• 2012

기업 가치사슬에서 발행하는 온실가스 평가란 원료 구매, 제품의 생산, 판매 단계 등 기업 활동 전반에 걸쳐 기업 활동이 기후변화에 미치는 영향을 온실가스 배출량으로 산정하는 것을 말한다. 온실가스 배출원을 기업의 활동 경계를 기준으로 하여 Scope1, Scope2, Scope3으로 나누어진다. 이중 Scope3는 기업이 직접 배출하지 않더라도 기업 가치사슬에서 간접적으로 배출되는 온실가스에 연관된 영역이다. Scope3의 영역은 기업이 직접 관리할 수 없어 본질적으로 감축이 어렵다. 하지만 앞으로 국가 수준보다는 기업 수준에서 배출량을 제한하는 규제가 더욱 강화될 전망이며, 이에 따라 기업이 Scope3도 산정에 포함해야 하는 시점이 다가오고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2011

This study was conducted to assess $N_2O$ emissions in agricultural soils of Korea. According to 1996 and 2006 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology, $N_2O$ emission was calculated the sum of direct emission ($N_2O_{DIRECT}$) and indirect emission ($N_2O_{INDIRECT}$). To calculate $N_2O$ emissions, emission factor was used default of IPCC and activity data was used the food, agricultural, forestry and fisheries statistical yearbook of MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). It was emitted 8,608 $N_2O$ Mg resulted from direct emission by application of chemical fertilizer and animal manure, input in n-fixation crops and input of crop residues and emissions converted $N_2O$ into $CO_2$ equivalent was 2,668 $CO_2$-eq Gg. Indirect emission as $N_2O_{(G)}$ (atmospheric deposition of $NH_3$ and $NO_X$) and $N_2O_{(L)}$ (leaching and runoffs) were 4,567 and 6,013 $N_2O$ Mg and emissions converted $N_2O$ into $CO_2$ equivalent were 1,416 and 1,864 $CO_2$-eq Gg, respectively. Total $N_2O$ emission in Korea agricultural soil in 2009 was 5,948 $CO_2$-eq Gg.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.874-885
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• 2011

In this study, the urban $CO_2$ emission based on energy consumption (Coal, Petroleum, Electricity, and City Gas) in 16 provincial and metropolitan city governments in South Korea was evaluated. For calculation of the urban $CO_2$ emission, direct and indirect emissions were considered. Direct emissions refer to generation of greenhouse gas (GHG) on-site from the energy consumption. Indirect emissions refer to the use of resources or goods that discharge GHG emissions during energy production. The total GHG emission was 497,083 thousand ton $CO_2eq.$ in 2007. In the indirect GHG emission, about 240,388 thousand ton $CO_2eq.$ was occurred, as 48% of total GHG emission. About 256,694 thousand ton $CO_2eq.$ (52% of total GHG emissions) was produced in the direct GHG emission. This amount shows 13% difference with 439,698 thousand ton $CO_2eq.$ which is total national GHG emission data using current calculation method. Local metropolitan governments have to try to get accuracy and reliability for quantifying their GHG emission. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use Korean emission factors than using the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) emission factors. The method considering indirect and direct GHG emission, which is suggested in this study, should be considered and compared with previous studies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-50
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• 2006

We estimate $CO_2$ emissions in Korea industry, 1990 and 2000 using a commodity- by-industry IO model ($CO_2$ hybrid IO mode]). Estimated $CO_2$ emissions in industries include both $CO_2$ emissions from direct and indirect consumption. The results show that total $CO_2$ emissions has increased by 51.6 million TC (Tonne of Carbon) from 64.4 million TC in 1990 to 115.5 million TC in 2000. By applying the structural decomposition analysis technique, we decompose change of $CO_2$ emissions in Korea industry between the period 1990~2000. In the decomposition, we figure out two contributing factors, changes in $CO_2$ coefficient and changes in final demand. The latter is further decomposed as growth effects and structural effects. We also estimated each factor's contribution to the changes in $CO_2$ emissions in industries between 1990~2000. The analysis can be used as a useful resource for policy makers in improving the effectiveness of $CO_2$ emissions mitigation policy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.197-199
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• 2000

오존은 배출원에서 직접 배출되는 1차 오염물질이 전구물질들이 강한 태양광선에 의해 광화학 반응을 일으켜 생성되는 2차 광화학 오염물질이다. 대표적인 전구물질로는 질소산화물(NOx)과 휘발성유기화합물(VOC)이다. 이러한 전구물질들은 화석연료의 연소와 자동차에서 직접 배출되어 대기 중에서 복잡한 물리ㆍ화학과정을 통하여 오존을 생성한다. 최근에 도심 지역 및 주변지역 그리고 몇몇 시골지역에서 발생하고 있는 오존의 고농도 현상은 중요한 대기오염 문제중의 하나로 부각되고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2003

식생은 자연 VOC(NVOC)의 가장 주요한 배출원이며, 대기중으로 유입되는 반응성이 강한 탄화수소의 주요한 배출원이다. 이러한 NVOC의 연구가 외국의 경우 상당 부분 이루어져 있으며, 전 세계적으로는 NVOC의 배출량이 인위적인 VOC의 약 7배정도에 이를 것이라고 추정되고 있다. 우리나라는 국토의 2/3이상이 삼림으로 이루어져 있지만 NVOC에 대한 직접적인 배출량 산정은 거의 이루어진 바가 없다. 우리나라의 배출량 산정에 사용된 NVOC 배출계수는 주로 외국의 자료에만 의존하여 사용되었다. (중략)

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2014

$CO_2$ emission factor for earthwork equipment was made based on fuel consumption quantity using IPCC carbon emission factor. This is presented through the carbon emission estimating guideline each facilities by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation in 2011. However, this method has the defect which don't apply the various condition of site. Therefor it needs the new emission factor supplemented these defects. This study will tries to estimate $CO_2$ emission with the direct measurement method using concentration flow velocity measurement (C-FVM) for earth work equipment and present the new $CO_2$ emission factor for earth work equipment after compare with emission factor of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1675-1682
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• 2013

To resolve the Global Warming problem, it have to reduce $CO_2$ emission. Korea need to do actively more the effort to reduce the emission because $CO_2$ emission per person is top level in the world. It is performing variously. However, we should recognize the $CO_2$ emission attribute to decrease $CO_2$. Analyzing $CO_2$ emission of the construction equipment is important in this aspect. Present, the most popular $CO_2$ emission measuring method is the way using fuel consumption and emission factor. But this method have the problem of reliability because can't reflect the factor being out of proportion at fuel consumption. This study analyzed the reason of difference and compared to the emission factor method after calculate $CO_2$ emission in direct measurement method.