• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.364-373
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develope smoke detection using AI model for detecting the initial fire in underground utility tunnels using CCTV Method: To improve detection performance of smoke which is high irregular, a deep learning model for fire detection was trained to optimize smoke detection. Also, several approaches such as dataset cleansing and gradient exploding release were applied to enhance model, and compared with results of those. Result: Results show the proposed approaches can improve the model performance, and the final model has good prediction capability according to several indexes such as mAP. However, the final model has low false negative but high false positive capacities. Conclusion: The present model can apply to smoke detection in underground utility tunnel, fixing the defect by linking between the model and the utility tunnel control system.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2005

The smoke propagating distances are measured in case that a fire occurs within the subway railroad tunnel. The tunnel is 800m long and the dimension of the cross-section is. Three vertical shafts exist for smoke ventilation. The experiments are performed using the 1/50 reduced-scale model. The smoke propagating distances are measured by thermocouples and by visualization for the accuracy. In order to understand the effect of a fire size and ventilation capacity of the shafts on the smoke propagating distance, 9 test scenarios are chosen. Based on the results, the smoke propagating distance is shown to be important criteria for the ventilation design of the tunnel.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2004

In this study, smoke movement in tunnel fire with natural and longitudinal ventilation systems has been investigated. Reduced-scale experiments were carried out under the Froude scaling using 14.55kW fire source with a wick and experimental data is obtained with 1/18 model tunnel test. Temperature profiles were measured under the ceiling and vertical direction along the center of the tunnel and poisonous gas was measured at emergency exit point. The results show that refuge time for 225m intervals of emergency exit in case of natural ventilation systems is 256 seconds and critical velocity for sufficient back-layer prevention is 2.8m/s for fire strength of 20MW.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

In this study, the 1/20 reduced-scale experiments using Froude scaling were conducted to investigate the ventilation velocity of the variation of burning rate in tunnel fires. The heptane square pool fire with heat release rate ranging from 3.71~15.6 kW were used. The burning rate of fuel was obtained by measuring mass using load cell and temperature distributions were measured by K-type theomocouples in order to investigate smoke movement. The ventilation velocity in the tested tunnel was controlled by inverter of the wind tunnel. In heptane pool fire case, the increase in ventilation velocity incresed the burning rate due to the direct supply of oxygen to the fire plume. For the same dimensionless velocity($\bar{V}$), burning rate increased as the size of pool fire decreased.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

Recently, the construction of tunnels longer than one kilometer has increased rapidly. Considering characteristic of limiting structure of longer tunnel, if fires inside tunnel broke out because of vehicle incidents, the catastroph would have high possibility to take place due to toxic smoke and heat of fire. In case of highway tunnel, safety facilities which can cope with tunnel fire are installed in the tunnel but according to rapid increase of heavy good traffic, dangerous goods and enlargement of tunnel magnitude, the research has to carry out about heat fluxes and smoke behaviour during tunnel fire. Therefore, through full-sized fire experiment the paper analyzed temperature distribution, wind velocity, smoke behaviour during tunnel fire.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.304-310
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.112-118
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.239-247
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.345-348
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2012

본 연구는 지하철 객실 화재시 배출가스나 연기에 의한 사망사고에 대해서 FDS(ver. 5.0) 사용코드를 이용해 객실내 화재의 유동현상을 검토한다. 시뮬레이션 모델로 인천메트로 송도연장선을 기준 모델로 설정하였으며 객차 화재발생시 측창문의 개방개소에 따른 배연능력을 검증하기 위하여 측창문 개방조건에 따른 배연특성을 시뮬레이션 하여 인체의 유해성 여부에 따른 위험성 평가에 대한 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구결과는 지하철의 성능위주 설계를 적용한 기초자료로 활용됨으로써 지하공간 화재시 인명피해 최소화를 목표로 한다.