• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.50-55
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• 2008

The comparative analysis of fire-driven flow simulation for Dae-Gu subway station was performed using FDS and Fluent. The boundary condition was obtained from analyzed data for Dae-Gu subway fire accident which had been outbreaked in 2003 year. The smoke flow in the second and third basement has been analyzed. The CO and temperature distribution in the train units and station platform have been obtained with FDS and FLUENT and compared with each other. Total simulation time is 600s and the results are compared of each 10sec The analyzed data will be applied to the passenger evacuation simulation for Dae-Gu subway station and used to optimal design method.

• Archives of design research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2000

I think that South Korea's subway system is technologically advanced like industrialized nations compared to its short history of twenty-six years old, but it is still a little behind in terms of artistic point of view. But, as the subway system is becoming to one of the major transportation, the subway passengers can use not only transportation but also new cultural space. In term of this view, many people are getting interested in the subway murals these days, but the murals in the subway system have been produced inconsistently, so the function is not efficient. Therefore, I compared and analyzed the illustration on the Korean subway murals and successful cases of foreign countries, so I tried to indicate the problems and directions on the Korean subway murals. And I also made a try to stimulate the interest on the new cultural space and provide a pleasant atmosphere and an aesthetic sense. And I expect that near future subway murals will be produced well-planned and professional way even on line aide of administrative and real production for the consents of expression, method of expression and colors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2010

To effectively reduce PM10 generated in concourses and platforms of subway stations, a research is being conducted to find the PM10 source. The main source of PM10 in subway stations was PM10 generated in the main line tunnels, which was generated in proportion to the frequency of the train operation. Each amount of the PM10 generated when the train was operated once, was constant regardless of the time. On the assumption that the PM10 level in a tunnel of a line is a sum of newly generated amount of dust when the subway passes and the amount carried from the adjacent stations by the wind generated from the subway rolling stocks, the method which estimates the intensive PM10 occurring section was developed and applied to the 12 stations between Cheongdam and Jangseungbaegi in Seoul Subway Line 7.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2024

Over the past 20 years, there has been a rapid increase in the number and size of subway stations and underground structures worldwide, and the importance of safety for subway users has also continuously grown. Subway stations, due to their structural characteristics, have limited visibility and escape routes in disaster situations, posing a high risk of human casualties and economic losses. Therefore, an analysis of disaster vulnerabilities is essential not only for existing subway systems but also for deep underground facilities like GTX. This paper presents a case study applying a betweenness centrality-based disaster vulnerability analysis framework to the case of Gwanggyo Central Station. The analysis of Gwanggyo Central Station's base model and various disaster scenarios revealed that the betweenness centrality distribution is symmetrical, following the symmetrical spatial structure of the station, with high centrality concentrated in the central areas of basement levels one and two. These areas exhibited values more than 220% above the average, indicating a high likelihood of bottleneck phenomena during evacuation in disaster situations. To mitigate this vulnerability, scenarios were proposed to distribute evacuation flows concentrated in the central areas, enhancing the usability of peripheral areas as evacuation routes by connecting staircases continuously. This modification, when considered, showed a decrease in centrality concentration, confirming that the proposed addition of evacuation paths could effectively contribute to dispersing the flow of evacuation in Gwanggyo Central Station. This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework for assessing evacuation vulnerability in enhancing subway station user safety and can be effectively applied in disaster response and management plans for major underground facilities.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.915-926
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• 2017

The subway is the transportation means most commonly used by the citizens of the metropolitan area along with the buses in the metropolitan area and major metropolitan municipalities. However, satisfaction with the signboards is low and the signboards need to be improved. In this study, we investigated the problem of guide signs of city hall and exchange area with L - shaped history structure for guide signs affecting route finding. As a result, it is necessary to confirm whether the moving distance is long and moving accurately to the desired destination due to the L - shaped historical structure in both the station and the alternate area. In both stations, the number of the guide signs, Problems such as installation position, height, other. In this study, the movement within the subway station is classified according to the space. The type of guide sign installation was defined, and the specific principles for guiding the movement route were proposed. This research is expected to be useful as an important basic data for the types and layout of subway stations.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.77-105
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• 2010

This essay aims to look into the possibility and limit of a technological fix with the PSD (platform screen door), which was proposed as the solution of subway risk problems. Subway risk problems may be classified into five categories-on-rail accidents, in-station accidents, platform accidents, spatial risks in underground, and risks due to a crime or terror-, and the platform accidents, which happens at the interface between the rail and the station, is the most serious and prominent. The PSD is considered as an effective technical means to prevent platform accidents. However, there remains a possibility of aggravating unexpected and invisible risks. When a fire breaks out in platforms, especially at exchange stations during the rush hour, the PSD can become a "wall of outcrying", since it may act as the "safety shutter" which killed many people in the 2003 Daegu subway disaster. This is why we need to look into the limit of a technological fix with the PSD.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2011

The$PM_{10}$ concentrations in the underground should be monitored for the health of commuters on the subway system. Seoul Metro and Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation are measuring several air pollutants regularly. In this paper, the reliability of the instruments using light scattering method is improved with the help of a linear regression analysis technique to measure the $PM_{10}$ concentrations continuously in the subway stations. In addition, an USN monitoring system is implemented to display and record the data of $PM_{10}$, CO/$CO_2$, humidity, and temperature. To transmit and receive these measured sensor data, 2.4GHz Zigbee, 424MHz wireless communication, and CDMA M2M method are applied and evaluated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.2026-2031
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• 2010

연구지역인 수영지역은 부산 동남부 해안가에 위치한 도심지역으로서 수영만과 수영강에 직접 접하고 있어 해수침입의 가능성이 존재하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 해안가에 위치한 도심지역에서 해수면 이하의 지하수 수위가 분포하고 있고, 이에 따른 지하수 수위 하강의 발생 원인과 해수침입에 의한 지하수 수질 오염에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구지역에서 지하수 수위 및 현장 간이수질(수온, 수소이온농도, 산화-환원전위, 전기전도도, 염도, 용존산소)의 현장조사는 갈수기(2007년 12월)와 풍수기(2008년 7월과 2009년 8월)로 구분하여 약 140여개 관정을 대상으로 실시하였다. 또한, 정밀 지하수 수질 분석을 위하여 2009년 8월에 50지점의 수질 시료(지하수 44지점, 유출지하수 1지점, 수영강 2지점, 해수 3지점)를 대상으로 지화학적 분석을 실시하였다. 지하수 수위 및 수질을 조사한 결과, 갈수기와 풍수기에 상관없이 지하수 수위가 해수면 이하인 지역에서는 해수침입의 가능성이 나타났다. 지하수 수질 유형은 일반 지하수를 지시하는 $Ca(HCO_3)_2$ 유형, 해수침입이나 인위적인 오염 가능성을 지시하는 $NaHCO_3$ 유형, $CaSO_4$ 유형 및 $CaCl_2$ 유형과 직접적인 해수침입을 지시하는 NaCl 유형으로 분류되었다. 연구지역에서 지하수 수위 하강의 원인을 규명하기 위해 지하수 이용량과 지하철에서 발생하는 유출지하수량의 조사를 실시하였다. 지하수 이용량 조사 결과, 306개소에서 $1,531,000m^3$/년을 이용하는 것으로 나타났고, 지하철의 유출지하수량은 6개의 역사에서 $751,000m^3$/년이 발생하고, 이는 지하수 개발가능량인 $951,000m^3$/년의 2.4배를 초과하여 지하수가 배출되어 지하수 수위하강을 초래하고 있다. 지하수 수위의 하강이 발생하는 지역과 비교 분석한 결과, 수영만에 위치한 광안리해수욕장의 유락시설이 밀집한 지역과 유출지하수가 발생하는 역사 주변 지역에서 지하수 수위의 하강이 크게 일어나고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구지역에서는 지하수의 이용량과 지하철에서 발생하는 유출지하수에 의해 지하수 수위의 하강이 크게 일어나고, 이들 지역에 해수침입에 의한 지하수 수질 오염이 크게 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 수영강과 인접한 지역에서는 해수의 영향을 받고 있는 수영강의 유입으로 지하수가 염수화 되어 가고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2019

In general, transfer in subway stations is defined as transfer between lines and station transfer. In transfer between lines, passengers change from one subway line to another by utilizing horizontal pedestrian facilities such as transfer passages and pedestrian way. Station transfer appears in the situation that subway lines of enter and exit gate terminals differs from those of boarding and alighting trains and passenger trips utilize both vertical pedestrian facilities such as stair and escalator and horizontal facilities. The hypothesis on these two transfers presupposes that all subway lines are operated by either local train or express in subway network. This means that in a transfer case both local and express trains are operated in the same subway line, as a case of Seoul Metro Line 9, has not been studied. This research proposes a methodology of finding the same line transfer in the Seoul metropolitan subway network built based on the smart card network data by suggesting expanded network concept and a model that passengers choose a theirs minimum time routes.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.287-294
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• 2003

There are a lot of curved subway stations in Seoul metropolitan area. These must be straightly constructed as many as possible. But some of stations are roundly designed and built in order to avoid pre-existed underground obstacle such as basement of high rise building, underground gas or water pipe line and subway stations from another line. As shown fig 1, one of the biggest problem occurring curved subway station is considered large gap between platform and vehicle when vehicle completely stop at the station. The gap potentially is in existence to subway passenger as very dangerous factors in rush hours. If passenger accidentally drop their food or leg between this gap when they get on the train and train leaves station, the passenger will be seriously injured by vehicle. In this paper, various design and instruments are introduced and best solution for this matter will be presented. In order to eliminate any possibility of accident happened gap between platform and vehicle, KRRI(Korea Railroad Research Institute) have been developed new safety instrument. These technologies were applied for patent by KRRI. These mechanisms will provide confidence as well as safety to Korean subway passenger