• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-76
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• 2020

As a continuous increase in demand for the transportation infrastructure in the metropolitan area, the renovation of existing metropolitan and urban railway lines for the rapid transport system requires the construction of sidetrack that can operate local and express trains simultaneously. However, the construction of sidetrack after stopping the operation of the existing subway line causes a lot of economic losses, therefore it is essential to study the tunnel enlargement scheme during the operation of the existing subway tunnel. Accordingly, in this paper, basic research on the enlargement plan of the existing subway tunnel was carried out for the renovation of the existing subway line. In order to investigate the method for the sidetrack construction, the Government Complex Gwacheon station on the Gwacheon line of subway line 4 was selected as a virtual research station. Subsequently, four construction plans including tunnel cross-sectional plan for each section were reviewed and constructability and economic feasibility were compared. Finally, the stability assessment was conducted for the selected construction plan which was considered to be relatively unstable by 3-D full numerical analysis considering the sidetrack construction process.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.48
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• pp.211-230
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• 2009

This study aims to trace the main tendency found in Korean broadcasting news coverage of terror throughout the kidnapping of Sun Il Kim. For this purpose, this study analyzed the contents of 386 news stories found in KBS, MBC, and SBS. Through this process, it investigated the main theme and source found in the coverage of kidnapping. In addition, it analyzed how the press described Al Tawhid Al Jihad, known as the organization who kidnapped Mr. Kim and how well the press transmit the social, historical background of terror. As a result, the dominant theme found in three news company was that which dealt with investigations about suspicions about kidnapping and suspicions related to the kidnapping. However, the voice against dispatching armed forces and the demand of terrorist were seldom found in the coverage. The news sources which three broadcasting news depended on heavily was governmental officials and the media including Al Jazeera was also main source. The description of Al Tawhid Al Jihad by the press was somewhat negative and the expression 'militarized forces' were found mostly. The news which announced the social, historical background of terror were minimal, which indicated that the coverage of terror in Korean broadcasting was still episodic.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.77-105
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• 2010

This essay aims to look into the possibility and limit of a technological fix with the PSD (platform screen door), which was proposed as the solution of subway risk problems. Subway risk problems may be classified into five categories-on-rail accidents, in-station accidents, platform accidents, spatial risks in underground, and risks due to a crime or terror-, and the platform accidents, which happens at the interface between the rail and the station, is the most serious and prominent. The PSD is considered as an effective technical means to prevent platform accidents. However, there remains a possibility of aggravating unexpected and invisible risks. When a fire breaks out in platforms, especially at exchange stations during the rush hour, the PSD can become a "wall of outcrying", since it may act as the "safety shutter" which killed many people in the 2003 Daegu subway disaster. This is why we need to look into the limit of a technological fix with the PSD.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.60-66
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• 2011

The$PM_{10}$ concentrations in the underground should be monitored for the health of commuters on the subway system. Seoul Metro and Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation are measuring several air pollutants regularly. In this paper, the reliability of the instruments using light scattering method is improved with the help of a linear regression analysis technique to measure the $PM_{10}$ concentrations continuously in the subway stations. In addition, an USN monitoring system is implemented to display and record the data of $PM_{10}$, CO/$CO_2$, humidity, and temperature. To transmit and receive these measured sensor data, 2.4GHz Zigbee, 424MHz wireless communication, and CDMA M2M method are applied and evaluated.

• The tire
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• s.49
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• pp.9-14
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• 1973

공기를 활용하고 있는 중요상품중에 자동차타이어가 있다. 그러나 긴 타이어의 역사에 있어서도 이 공기를 완전히 지배하기까지에는 아직 이르지 못했다. 즉 타이어의 빵꾸! 라고 하는 사고가 바로 그것이다. 따라서 이 빵꾸를 없애는 일은 타이어기술자의 오랜 꿈이기도했다. 그래서 우선 맨 먼저, 생각된 상품에 튜우브레스 타이어가 있다. 튜우브레스 타이어는 튜우브에 대체되는 인너어라이너어라고 하는 고무층을 타이어내에 첩부함으로써 개발되었다. 그러나 림과의 관계로 해서 오로에는 안맞고 공기누설도 되는 등으로 해서 1950년대에 등장했으면서도 저신장, 일본에 있어서도 17년전에 국산화해서 시판되었으나 시장으로부터는 그다지 환영을 못받았다. 연이나 1965년에 이르러 튜우브레스 타이어용 인너어라이너어를 위해서만 존재하는 염소화부칠이라고 하는 고무가 앳소의 손에 의해서 개발되었다. 그 공기누설방지도는 천연고무의 7부, 일반합성고무의 5부, 또한 도로는 고속화에로 정비가 진척되고 타이어 안전성은 공기를 활용하고 있는 중요상품중에 자동차타이어가 있다. 그러나 긴 타이어의 역사에 있어서도 이 공기를 완전히 지배하기까지에는 아직 이르지 못했다. 즉 타이어의 빵꾸! 라고 하는 사고가 바로 그것이다. 따라서 이 빵꾸를 없애는 일은 타이어기술자의 오랜 꿈이기도했다. 그래서 우선 맨 먼저, 생각된 상품에 튜우브레스 타이어가 있다. 튜우브레스 타이어는 튜우브에 대체되는 인너어라이너어라고 하는 고무층을 타이어내에 첩부함으로써 개발되었다. 그러나 림과의 관계로 해서 오로에는 안맞고 공기누설도 되는 등으로 해서 1950년대에 등장했으면서도 저신장, 일본에 있어서도 17년전에 국산화해서 시판되었으나 시장으로부터는 그다지 환영을 못받았다. 연이나 1965년에 이르러 튜우브레스 타이어용 인너어라이너어를 위해서만 존재하는 염소화부칠이라고 하는 고무가 앳소의 손에 의해서 개발되었다. 그 공기누설방지도는 천연고무의 7부, 일반합성고무의 5부, 또한 도로는 고속화에로 정비가 진척되고 타이어 안전성은 점점 중시되는 시대로 진입해서 이제 또다시 튜우브레스시대의 재래를 마지하려 하고 있는 것이다. 그렇기는 해도 이 염소화부칠이라고 하는 고무의 수행하는 기능은 크다. 그저 공기누설에 강하다는 것만은 아니다. 편평라디알스틸시대를 지향하는데 있어서 부가결한 존재로 되어 가는 것 같다.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.67-78
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• 2021

This is a study on the structural changes of the tumulus and causes setting up a Sabangseok at the front of the tumulus at the royal tomb in the JoSeon dynasty, during the 17th~18th centuries. The Sabangseok was first used in the tumulus of Mongnueng(穆陵) in 1630. It is a multipurpose stone for boundary, foundation of the tumulus and blocking the sliding down of the tumulus. It was set up, when constructing a Yeongneung(寧陵) in 1673. But the vast spill of tumulus soil made it improve structure of the Sabangseok. Consequently, when the Yeongneung was re-constructed, the structure of the tumulus was fundamentally improved. The soil layer on the lime of the subterranean chamber became eliminated. Also the lime of the tumulus and the lime of the subterranean chamber became a united structure. The Sabangseok was still used until 1757 on account of precedents, although it would become unnecessary after structural improvement of the tumulus in 1673. In 1757, Yeongjo(The 21th monarch of the Joseon Dynasty) commanded repeal on the use of the Sabangseok, when constructing the Hongneung(tomb of Queen Jeongseong). The decision and discussions about abolition on the use of the Sabangseok was recorded in Gukjosangryebopyeon.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-204
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to present a construction model of Koryoin Larchiveum that considers the space and function of larchiveum, centering on the Koryoin Historical and Cultural Center. To this end, a survey was conducted targeting librarians, archivists, and curators, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to find out the average difference between space and work requirements by institution. In addition, based on the survey, in-depth interviews were conducted with secondary experts (directors, representatives, Koryoin experts, etc.) on spatial components. As a result, first, spatial and functional elements set mainly for functions necessary for Koryoin Larchiveum were derived. Spatial elements include storage, reading rooms, and resting areas for libraries, archives storage rooms and exhibition rooms for archives, and storage and exhibition rooms for cultural centers. Functions (work) were represented by 4 elements: library 3, archives 5, and cultural center. Second, after reviewing the interview, the Koryoin Larchiveum construction model was modified and supplemented. As for the spatial composition, the installation space, work contents, and manpower in charge were presented from the first basement floor to the third floor above the ground.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.868-876
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• 2015

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of total culturable bacteria (TCB) and to identify the bacteria in thirty public facilities (7 elderly-care facilities, 4 hypermarkets, 4 university hospitals, 7 child care facilities, 4 subway stations and 4 bus terminals) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do Province. Although all concentrations measured in these study facilities did not exceed the national maintenance standard, it is believed that elderly-, child-care facilities should be high priority facilities to improve the indoor air quality and it is important to study the health effects and the airborne bacteria concentration of public facilities including non-culturable bacteria or allergen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.195-203
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• 2006

The crossing construction under railroad have two methods which are cut and cover and trenchless method. first, cut and cover method is an extremely limited method concerning non-running time. Whereas, trenchless method is free from restriction such as train speed and running time, and has the strong points of safe and rapid construction. Front Jacking method, one of the trenchless methods, is frequently applied recently due to its stability during construction and vantage of assuring schedule reliability. The procedure is that after minimizing interlocking friction with structure and earth pressure due to jacking the small steel tube, pulling the precast box manufactured at the field in the ground using PC strand and hydraulic Jack. This method is able to be applied regardless of section size and length of box and condition of ground. And that is also pro-environmental. This paper presents the case of Daejeon E. W. perforate Road Project applied with the Front Jacking method.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.72-78
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• 2013

The turbulent flow behavior of air supply and exhaustion in the Shin-gum-ho subway station is analyzed for ordinary and emergency state. The depth of Shin-gum-ho station is 43.6m which consists of the island-type platform(8th floor in underground) and a two-story lobby (first & second floor in underground). An emergency stairway connects between the platform and the lobby. Ventilation operation mode for ordinary state is set up as a combination of air supply and exhaustion in the lobby and platform, while for emergency state it is set up as a full air supply in the lobby and a full exhaustion in the platform. The entire station is covered for simulation. The ventilation diffusers are modeled as 95 square shapes of $0.6m{\times}0.6m$ in the lobby and as 222 square shapes of $0.6m{\times}0.6m$ and 4 rectangular shapes of $1.2m{\times}0.8m$ in the platform. The total of 7.5million grids are generated and whole domain is divided to 22 blocks for MPI efficiency of calculation. Large eddy simulation(LES) is applied to solve the momentum equation and Smagorinsky model($C_s$=0.2) is used as SGS(subgrid scale) model. The time-averaged velocity fields are compared to experimental data and show a good agreement with it.