• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.201-213
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• 1995

Understanding of the fracture processes in rock mass for hydrogeology necessitates such information as fracture mechanics including genesis, propagation, termination, and the relation of fracture distribution to geologic structures and fracture modelling, etc. A current status of information on fracture for groundwater flow in rock mass, however, is very paucity except on a few special fields throughout the world. The desired and reasonable approach method in the evaluation on the groundwater flow in fractured rock mass must be based on the thorough understanding of fracture processes and a simplified model representing fracture properties which would be met to natural conditions for the interpretation and prediction.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.13
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• pp.22-25
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• 2001

지하철이 ESCO사업을 통해 한층 쾌적하고 밝은 시설로 거듭났다. 서울지하철공사가 1, 2, 3, 4호선 115개 역사 가운데 74개역의 조명과 전동기 제어반을 고효율기기와 인버터제어방식으로 개체한 것. 지난해 12월부터 7월까지 약8개월에 걸쳐 $1\~4$호선의 안정기, 형광램프, 반사갓, 터널등기구를 에너지절약형 조명설비로 바꾸고 일반 On/Off제어방식이던 전동기 환기제어반을 절전형 인버터제어기로 교체했다. 지하철공사는 총141억2천9백만원이 투자된 이번 사업으로 인해 연간 약40억원에 해당하는 50,348Mwh의 전력소모를 줄일 수 있게 됐다.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1868-1872
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• 2010

The LED illuminator has merits that it has low power consumption, long life and emits low Co2 gas. As it has many merits in comparison with existing illuminator it is a realistic alternative. but its possession in illuminator market shows slow increasement unexpectedly. Because its price is very high only low power consumption can not keep pace with economical efficiency. In this paper I analyzed economical efficiency about LED illuminator when it is applied at subway station.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2005

• The Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1 s.380
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• pp.18-19
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• 2001

런던의 과학박물관은 영국 뿐만 아니라 세계 과학기술의 역사를 한 눈에 볼 수 있도록 지하 2개층과 지상 5개층에 꾸며놓고 있었다. 1층엔 동력ㆍ우주분야, 2층엔 재료변화, 3층엔 화학산업ㆍ인쇄, 4층엔 광학ㆍ항공분야 그리고 5~6층엔 의학관련 분야로 분리되어 전시ㆍ소개하고 있었다. 특히 지난 7월에 개관한 WW관엔 2000년대의 과학기술방향과 돌리를 탄생시킨 영국의 생명공학발전상 그리고 미래의 디지털기술에 관련된 전시물들이 진열되어 있었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.28-38
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• 2009

In this study, a remote air quality monitoring system for underground spaces was developed by using NDIR-based CO$_2$ sensor. And the remote monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks was installed practically on the subway station platform. More than 6.5 million citizens commutate everyday by the Seoul subway transportation that is the most typical public transportation. They concern about air quality with increasing interest on public health or many workers in subway stations or underground shopping centers. Recently, the Korean Ministry of Environment has operated the air quality monitoring system in some subway stations for testing phase. However, it showed many defects which are large-scale, high-cost and maintenance of precision sensors imported from abroad. Therefore this research includes the reliability test and a theoretical study about the inexpensive commercialized CO$_2$ sensor for reliable measurement of air quality which changes rapidly by the surrounding environments. And then we develop the wireless sensor nodes and the gateway applied for remote air quality monitoring. In addition, web server program was realized to manage air quality in the subway platform. This result will be valuable for a basic research for air quality management in underground spaces for future study.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1629-1639
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• 2009

This paper describes the environmental monitoring system for supporting comfortable subways based on USN. Our development system includes the sensor field based on integrated sensor, monitoring system for supporting the local and remote monitoring and middle-ware performs the collecting, analyzing, and storing the data. In this paper, we installed the temperature, humidity, micro-dust sensor and water-level sensor for supporting the rail-roads and make up the integrated sensor enables to reuse the analog device from 4~20mA output with connection of wireless sensor device. Middleware includes the modules of collecting, analysis, and storing the data and monitoring system supports the local for administrator and remote monitoring for citizen services based on web. The middleware and monitoring in this paper is comprised of some components can reuse and support the change of application and sensors. Our development system supports the mobility of sensor devices and distributes system. Data collection and management function supported by middleware will use assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

The simulation analysis of fire-driven flow and passenger evacuation in Daegu subway station, Chung-Ang, have been performed. The first location of outbreak of fire is inside passenger car in the third basement in Chung-Aug station, The smoke flow in the second and third basement has been analyzed using FLUENT 6.2. The CO (carbon monoxide) and temperature distribution in the train units and station platform have been obtained and transferred to input data for evacuation simulation. The highest temperature in the train units was 1500k. For the simulation of passenger evacuation, EXODUS has been used for whole basements (level 1${\sim}$level 3) in the station. Total number of people was assumed to be one thousand and 640 were placed inside train and 360 were placed outside train. In evacuation simulation, an average of 135 passengers were killed and an average time to evacuate takes 10min 19sec. The main evacuation routes used by passengers were investigated and the cause of death was identified by evacuation simulation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Recently commercial egress softwares are frequently used for the risk assessment. The estimation of evacuation time is an important procedure and the outflow coefficient in a bottleneck becomes the crucial factor for design of emergency planning. This paper compares the outflow coefficient of measurement with those of softwares in the bottlenecks of subway stations where masses of people movement is observed. Stairway and turnstile are the 2 bottleneck points along escape pathway. For the escape simulation it is recommended that 2 different modes be used in the programs for 2 kinds of bottleneck. The results of the comparison makes a big difference among them and some of differences can be reduced by correct design of input data. In conclusion the results of simulation should be examined thoroughly by procedure of comparisons with other results.