• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.97-111
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• 2014

As urbanization and industrialization develops, the necessity of utilizing scarce land in three dimensions is raising. The issue of utilizing underground space is being actively discussed particularly when Geyeonggi-do announced GTX(Great Train Express) construction plan which aims to relieve traffic congestion in metropolitan areas. The current regulation on compensation of underground space is based on "Regulations on compensation standard complied by using underground space for construction of urban railway" but it is difficult for covering the whole rights to protect a three-dimensional right. In this context, the study is to propose the improvement plans of land right's problem and compensation issues to utilization of underground space for the right complementary. To do this, the study reviews the use situation of the classification surface right and using adjudication which defines the effect scope of underground space extending land ownership. As well as it analyzes issues about compensation standard for utilizing of underground space.

• Air Cleaning Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2021

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 2002

To detect the position and depth of buried underground utilities, method of Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) survey is the most commonly used. However, the skin-depth of GPR is very shallow, and in the places where subsurface materials are not homogeneous and are compose of clays and/or salts and gravels, GPR method has limitations in application and interpretation. The aim of this study is to overcome these limitations of GPR survey. For this purpose the site where the GPR survey is unsuccessful to detect the underground big pipes is selected, and soil tests were conducted to confirm the reason why GPR method was not applicable. Non-destructive high-frequency electromagnetic (HFEM) survey was newly developed and was applied in the study area to prove the effectiveness of this new technique. The frequency ranges $2kHz{\sim}4MHz$ and the skin depth is about 30m. The HFEM measures the electric field and magnetic field perpendicular to each other to get the impedance from which vertical electric resistivity distribution at the measured point can be deduced. By adopting the capacitive coupled electrodes, it can make the measuring time shorter, and can be applied to the places covered by asphalt an and/or concrete. In addition to the above mentioned advantages, noise due to high-voltage power line is much reduced by stacking the signals. As a result, the HFEM was successful in detecting the buried underground objects. Therefore this method is a promising new technique that can be applied in the lots of fields, such as geotechnical and archaeological surveys.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1995

The effect of seeding depth on the growth, mesocotyl elongation and herbicidal response of rice(Oryza sativa L., Japonica type, cv. "Tongjin") and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var orizicola Ohwi.) were studied in greenhouse experiments. Barnyardgrass growth as affected by different water depths was briefly tested. Rice and barnyardgrass were broadcast in soil into Oem, 1cm, 2cm and 3cm in seeding depth under dry direct-seeded condition. Butachlor(N-(buthoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide) at dose rate of 1800g ai/ha and thiobencarb(S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] diethyl carbamothioate) at dose rate of 2100g and 4200g ai/ha were soil applied to them at 5 days after seeding. At 10 days after seeding, plants harvested to examine their growth as affected by seeding depth. Root length and shoot fresh weight of rice untreated was greatest in 1cm- and 3cm-seeding depth, respectively, however, mesocotyl did not elongate. While plant height of barnyardgrass grew regardless of seeding depth and water depth, but root length was greatest in 1cm-seeding depth of dry condition and reduced with increased water depth. And mesocotyl was elongated in only dry condition and its length increased with increased seeding depth. At 10 days after application thiobencarb applied pre-emergence inhibited plant height, and shoot fresh weight of rice in only 0cm-seeding depth under dry condition whereas was unaffected in above 1cm-seeding depth, similar to untreated control, and ever increased root length and root fresh weight of rice. On the other hand, shoot, root and leaf growth of barnyardgrass was, severely inhibited regardless of application rates and seeding depths. Reduction of shoot growth by treatment of herbicide was significantly greater than that of root growth. Consequently, reduction of barnyardgrass growth by treatment of thiobencarb did not be associated with seeding depth and mesocotyl elongation as affected by different seeding depth.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

The effects of subsurface inhomogeneities on the detection of buried metal pipes in ground-penetrating radar(GPR) signals are investigated numerically. To model the electrical properties of the subsurface inhomogeneities, the continuous random media(CRM) generation technique is introduced. For the electromagnetic simulation of GPR signals, the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method is implemented. As a function of the standard deviation and the correlation length of the relative permittivity distribution for a randomly inhomogeneous ground, the GPR signals of the buried metal pipes are compared using numerical simulations. As the subsurface inhomogeneities increase, the GPR signals of the buried pipes are distorted because of the effect of the subsurface clutter.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1993

This study was conducted to clarify the translocation and the phytotoxicity of soil treated Heptachlor (0.1ppm) and Heptachlor epoxide (0.1ppm) on Hop plants and Hansam vine. Residues in the soils and the plants were analyzed and phytotoxic patterns were investigated at the different growing stages. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll contents were measured. The results were summarized as follows: 1. At the second growing stage, 40 days after transplanting, severe damages by Heptachlor were observed on root of Hop. Growth rate on top and root parts of Hop was retarded from the third growing stage, 70 days after transplanting. The damages seemed to be caused by Heptachlor epoxide rather than by Heptachlor. 2. Residues of Heptachlor and Heptachlor epoxide in the plants, Hops and Hansam vine, were high at the second growing stage in comparison with those at the other stages. Residual levels in the plant parts were in order of root> stem> leaf. 3. Inhibition of photosynthetic rate was more serious in Hop plants than those in Hansam vine. The photosynthetic rate was suppressed at the second growing stage by Heptachlor epoxide and greatly reduced at the third growing stage. 4. Chlorophyll contents were not significantly changed in Hops and Hansam vine. Decreasing trends of the chlorophyll contents in both plants treated with the pesticides were similar to those of control plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 1995

As the expansion of metropolis has been going, the role of underground utilities has importantly increased. The existed data is difficulty to acquire accurate data and computerize it. In the construction site, Particularly, the map of existed underground utilities has included so much inaccurate data. This study suggestes that making terrain map and surveying if the position of underground utilities are simultaneously done, also this method improves data accuracy and makes the computerized map such as CAD easy match the map of established underground map. The excution of this study collectes data by surveying of terrain and under ground utilities. Through new data collection, we can plot and acquire the position of real under ground utilities and attribute data about them.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.287-300
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• 2002

Composition Presplitting Angle Cut (COPA-Cut) is a newly developed blasting method for tunnel excavation. Contrary to existing methods, COPA-Cut first creates presplitting by tension crack in cut. In this study, field tests measuring the advance efficiency, noise and ground vibration were performed in order to verify the presplitting effect. To compare the economy and workability, tests were simultaneously performed by COPA-Cut and existing method on the same condition. Results show that COPA-Cut increased advance efficiency and decreased noise and ground vibration. Also, it was confirmed that COPA-Cut is superior to existing method in terms of economy, workability and quality control.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2001

The investigation of the fragmentation of blasted rocks is particularly important because it is a measure of the blast efficiency. The degree of fragmentation has a major effect on the efficiency of the loading and crushing operations. Getting such an information on the large pile of blasted rock is not an easy operation. This paper presents the results of case study to evaluate the performance of two types of tunnel blasting: V-cut and burn cut. The digital images of muckpiles were analyzed to produce size distribution and it was compared with those of predictive equations.

• Food Industry
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• s.33
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• pp.8-30
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• 1976

유해식품이 우리 주변에 판을치고 있다. 최근엔 담배꽁초를 넣어 끓인 커피가 등장했는가 하면 하이타이를 섞어 만든 가짜맥주까지 나도는등 그 제조수법도 점점 악랄해져 가고있다. 인체에 해를 입히고 심하면 목숨을 앗아가기 까지하는 유해식품은 왜 근절되지 않고 있는지, 그 수법과 문제점, 단속실태와 주의할 점등을 알아본다.