• Water for future
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.28-29
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• 2010

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.36-51
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• 2011

Global climate change is disturbing the water circulation balance by changing rates of precipitation, recharge and discharge, and evapotranspiration. Groundwater, which occupies a considerable portion of the world's water resources, is related to climate change via surface water such as rivers, lakes, and marshes. In this study, the authors selected a relevant climate change scenario, A1B from the Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) which is distributed at Korea Meteorological Administration. By using data on temperature, rainfall, soil, and land use, the groundwater recharge rate for the research area was estimated by periodically and embodied as geographic information system (GIS). In order to calculate the groundwater recharge quantity, Visual HELP3 was used as main model, and the physical properties of weather, temperature, and soil layers were used as main input data. General changes to water circulation due to climate change have already been predicted. In order to systematically solve problems of ground circulation system, it may be urgent to recalculate the groundwater recharge quantity and consequent change under future climate change. The space-time calculation of changes of the groundwater recharge quantity in the study area may serve as a foundation to present additional measures to improve domestic groundwater resource management.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2010

무한 지속 가능한 지열 에너지를 활용한 공조시스템인 지열원 냉난방 시스템은 기존의 공조 시스템보다 열원이 안정적이기 때문에 높은 효율과 우수한 성능을 가지므로, 기후변화협약 대응의 주요수단으로서 기술개발과 보급이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대수층 축열 지열원 열펌프 시스템에 대한 실증 연구를 통하여 대수층 축열 지열원 열펌프 시스템의 하절기 냉방 성능을 분석하였다. 대수층 축열 냉난방 시스템은 주입정과 양수정의 2개의 우물공이 설치되어 있으며, 겨울 난방 운전 중에 한 개의 우물공으로부터 지하수를 열펌프로 유입한 후 낮은 온도의 지하수를 타 우물공에 축열하고, 하절기에 겨울에 저온으로 축열된 우물공으로부터 지하수를 열펌프로 유입하여 온도가 증가된 지하수를 타 우물공에 주입한다. 즉, 계절별로 열펌프에서 생성된 냉수와 온수의 대수층 축열을 위하여 계절별로 주입정과 양수정이 바뀌게 된다. 본 연구의 대수층 축열 지열원 열펌프 시스템의 2009년 8월의 주요일자별 시스템 운전 중의 평균 냉방 열펌프 유닛 COP와 냉방 시스템 COP는 각각 4.7과 3.4이상의 우수한 성능을 나타냈다. 또한, 모든 일자에 대하여 외기온도가 $31.6^{\circ}C$서 $22^{\circ}C$까지 변화가 크게 나타났지만 열펌프 유닛 COP와 시스템 COP의 변화는 미소하였다. 이는 양수정으로부터의 지중 순환수가 운전기간 중에 $17.5^{\circ}C$로 일정하게 유지되었기 때문이다. 양수정과 주입정 사이에 5개의 관측공을 설치하였으며, 양수정 측에 인접한 관측공의 온도는 거의 변화가 없었으며, 단기간이지만 널리 사용되고 있는 수직밀폐형 시스템과 달리 지속적인 냉방운전 중의 양수 온도의 증가는 발생하지 않아 안정적인 성능을 나타냈다. 주입정에 인접한 모니터링 홀의 온도는 심도가 깊은 곳의 온도가 낮은 곳보다 높게 나타났다. 이는 냉방 운전 시 열펌프 유닛의 실외열교환기에서 지중 순환수가 냉매로부터 열을 취득하여 온도가 상승하면서 주입정측에 온열이 축열이 진행되었기 때문으로 분석되며, 하절기의 냉방 운전 시간이 증가할 경우 축열 효과는 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 양수정과 주입정 중간의 모니터링 홀의 온도는 2009년 8월 가동 중에 온도변화는 없었는데, 이는 양수정과 주입정 사이의 열간섭이 발생하지 않았기 때문으로 분석된다. 일자별로 운전 중의 열펌프 유닛 COP는 차이가 없었지만, 운전 및 정지 시간을 모두 포함한 시스템 소비전력과 냉방용량을 모두 합산하여 산정한 일일 평균 냉방 열펌프 유닛 COP와 냉방 시스템 COP는 일자별로 다소 차이가 발생하였는데, 이는 각 일자별로 열펌프 유닛 가동율의 차이로 인하여 열펌프 유닛 가동 전에 먼저 작동되는 지중순환펌프의 운전 소비전력의 차이와 열펌프의 단속운전 시의 열손실과 추거 소비전력의 차이 때문이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.97-101
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• 1996

산림부산물인 수피에 의한 카드뮴 이온의 선택적 흡착 현상을 이용하여 인공폐수로부터 카드뮴이온의 제거를 시도하였다. 카드뮴 이온 선택성이 우수한 소나무와 상수리 나무의 수피를 이용한 효율적인 연속식 대량 수처리 시스템의 개발을 위한 기초 실험으로 카드뮴 이온흡착 등온선을 조사하였고, batch stirred reactor, airlift reactor, packed bed column 등 여러 접촉시스템에서의 카드뮴 이온의 제거 효율을 검토하였다. 카드뮴 흡착등온선은 두 수피 모두 Langmuir 형식으로 나타났으며 소나무 수피의 최대흡착용량은 약 7 mg/g, 상수리나무 수피의 경우에는 약 8 mg/g 정도로 나타났다. Batch stirred reactor를 이용한 시스템에서 초기농도 13 ppm의 카드뮴용액 100 $m\ell$ 을 수피 10 g 과 접촉시킨 결과 30분 이내에 95% 이상 제거되는 효율성을 보여주었다. Airlift reactor를 이용한 시스템에서는 수피 30 g 을 포기농도 10 ppm 카드뮴 용액 1 liter와 접촉시킨 결과 15분 이내에 93 % 이상 제거되었으며 4 cycle 반복 운전에서도 거의 같은 성능을 유지하였고 그 이상의 cycle에서는 점점 성능이 떨어짐을 보여주었다. Packed bed column을 이용한 시스템에서는 20 g의 수피를 충전시켰을 경우 초기농도 20 ppm에서 effluent 2.5 liter 까지는 95% 정도의 제거효율을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1996

GWW was developed by UN(United Nations) in order to manage groundwater data systematically on PC windows. Temporal and spatial data from lab and field tests are stored in a data base. The data base can be displayed graphically by using the GIS (Geographic Information System) technique. Raw data from pumping tests, step-drawdown tests, and chemical analyses can be analysed to characterize the hydrogeologic system. This article demonstrates a GWW application using default database and groundwater data obtained at the Nanjido Landfill site.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

In this study, a combined model of a water-table fluctuation and a soil moisture content model is proposed for the estimation of groundwater recharge rate at a given location. To evaluate the model, groundwater level data from 4 monitoring wells (Pohang Yeonil, Pohang Kibuk, Suncheon Oeseo, Hongcheon Hongcheon) of National Groundwater Monitoring Network from 1996 to 2005 and precipitation data of corresponding years are used. From the proposed methodology, the groundwater recharge rates are estimated to be from 0.5 to 61.4% for Hongcheon Hongcheon, from 1.1 to 27.4% for Pohang Yeonil, from 5.1 to 41.4% for Pohang Kibuk, and from 1.1 to 8.3% for Suncheon Oeseo. The magnitude of variation of the estimated recharge rate depends on the soil type observed near the stations. The groundwater fluctuation model used in this study includes precipitation as a unique source of water-table perturbation and there may exist corollary limitations. To improve the applicability of the proposed method, a capillary-water content constitutive model for unsaturated fractured rock media may be considered. The proposed recharge rate delineation method is physically based and uses minimum numbers of assumptions. The method may be used as a better substitute for the previous tools for delineating recharge rate of a location using water-table fluctuation method and contribute to national groundwater management plan. Further research on the spatial interpolation of the method is under progress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 1998

In this study two sites were selected to investigate groundwater contamination and spatial relationship between pollution level and its source. One is the Asan area, agricultural district where pollution sources are scattered. The other is the Gurogu area of Seoul city, industrial district where industrial complex and residential areas are located. Groundwater samples collected from these districts were analysis for chemical constituents. The attribute value files of the chemical constituents of groundwater and the spatial layers have been constructed and the pollution properties have been investigated to find out spatial relationships between the groundwater constituents and pollution sources using CIS. Relatively high contents of Si and HCO$_3$ in groundwater from the Asan area reflect the effect of water-rock interaction, whereas high contents of Cl, NO$_3$, SO$_4$and Ca in groundwater from the Gurogu area are due to the pollution of various sources. Pollution over the critical level of Korean Dinking Water Standard has been investigated from 15 sampling sites out of 40 in the Asan area, and 33 sampling sites out of 51 in the Gurogu area. There is pollution of NO$_3$, Cl, Fe, Mn, SO$_4$and Zn in groundwater from the Gurogu area, and that of NO$_3$, SO$_4$and Zn in groundwater from the Asan area. Principal pollution in both areas is NO$_3$contamination. Deep groundwater from the Asan area is not contaminated with NO$_3$except for one site and most of shallow groundwater near the potential point sources such as factory and stock farm is contaminated seriously. Groundwater from the Gurogu area has been already polluted seriously considering the fact of contamination of deep groundwater. This study reports a spatial relationship between the pollution level and pollution source using GIS.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 1993

GIS technique was applied to identify the regional hydrologic units for groundwater exploitation and recharge analysis in a study area. The technique was very effective to identify the potential areas for groundwater exploitation, and for groundwater management & land use planning. GIS database of environmental resources was complied from a variety of sources and scales as the foundation for analysis, including digitizing and scanning of hardcopy maps. A DEM(Digital Elevation Model) was used to dassify slopes, and identify problematic drainage system. Quantitative analysis of environmental resources helps us to develop the scoring system of GIS model, which evaluates each resource in relation to the others and reflects the relative importance of each resource. ARC4NFO was used to construct digital database, and the cartographic simulation techniques were applied in order to create new maps.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.255-269
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• 2001

The geochemical studies on groundwater in the borehole, which is straddled by multi-packer (MP) system, were carried out from a volcanic terrain in the Yeosu area. The pH of groundwater collected from selected sections in the MP-installed borehole is much higher (up to 9.6) than that of the borehole groundwater (7.0-7.9) collected using conventional pumping technique. Hydrochemistry shows that the groundwater has a typical chemical change with increasing sampling depth, suggesting that the groundwater is evolved through water-rock interaction along the fracture-controlled flow paths. The groundwater from the deeper part (138-175 m below the surface) in borehole KI is characterized by the Ca-C11 type with high Ca (up to 160 mg/L) and Cl (up to 293 mg/L) contents, probably reflecting seawater intrusion. The groundwater also has high sodium and sulfate contents compared to the waters from other boreholes. These observed groundwater chemistry is explained by the cation exchange, sulfide oxidation, and mixing process with seawater along the flow path.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2003

In this study, the conduct of underground water flow system with 3 dimensions is interpreted in order to examine closely the actual condition regarding the flow of the underground water which is forecast from the tunnel segment and the interpretation result which selects the design and the construction technique of the tunnel segment was applied. Also, an obstacle to construct that relates with the underground water flow in construction duration in advance will be able to apply with information that is necessary in order to establish the countermeasure. The objective tunnel is the BEOPGI tunnel segment that is 2 parallel tunnels that are a one-way 2 lane and the parameters of the MODFLOW model executing the boring investigation and the permeability examination were presumed. The underground water flow of the excavation tunnel inside was interpreted by the MODFLOW model using the parameters which is presumed and two values which compared with calculated value and observed value are the same almost. Also, when the underground water discharge quantify that followed in tunnel excavation tries to compare, the underground water total discharge quantity from tunnel point of start until destination was presumed as 0.0269㎥/day/$m^2$.