• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2016

Korea has put in significant efforts to increase the number of wildlife crossings between fragmented habitats to prevent loss of biodiversity and to encourage the habitat connectivity in Korea. However, there is a lack of biological data on the effect of vegetation structure in these wildlife crossings and guidelines for design and management of wildlife crossing structures in Korea. Therefore, we selected ground beetle assemblages as model organisms to compare the effect of vegetation structure in wildlife crossings, i.e. bare ground- and shrub-type corridors, in agro-forested landscapes. For this study, 4,207 ground beetles belonging to 33 species were collected through pitfall trapping along the northern forest-corridor-southern forest transects from late April to early September in 2015. Dominant species, abundance, and species richness of ground beetles were significantly higher in the shrub-type corridors than the bare ground-type corridors. Also, the species composition of bare ground-type corridor was significantly different compared to the other habitats such as shrub-type corridor and forests. Similarly, environmental variables were also influenced by vegetation management regimes or trap locations. Collectively, our study clearly indicates that the movement of forest associated ground beetles between forest patches can increase as the vegetation in wildlife crossings becomes complex. Although further studies are needed to verify this, there are indications that the current wildlife crossings that comply with the guidelines may be unfriendly to the movement of ground dwelling arthropods as well as ground beetles. To enhance the ecological function of wildlife crossings, the guidelines need to be rectified as follows: 1) Shrubs or trees should be planted along the corridor verges to provide refuge or movement paths for small mammals and ground dwelling arthropods, and 2) Open spaces should be provided in the middle of the corridors to be used as a path for the movement of large mammals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2005

In this study, we performed whole effluent toxicity(WET) test and compared the biological component analyses tests for some streams into which wastewater treatment plant effluents are discharged. The test procedures for the WET test and the biological component analysis were conducted according to U.S. EPA guidelines and the Ohio EPA wading method. The WET tests based on the test species of D. manga and S. capricornutum All treatment plants showed a S. capricornutum toxicity, and at 7 sites, except A and J, we could observe a D. magna toxicity. The highest toxicity was observed at site D and this were followed by E and F. The biological component analyses applied to the effluent discharged stream. We found that total species were low at sites C1, D1 and J1 and the low number of total individuals were observed at sites A1, C1, E1, H1, and J1 compared to the controls and other sites. The species richness was low at sites A1, B1, C1, D1, and J1. The species change was evident at site D(D1) and the tolerant species was predominant. The biological analyses and WET tests suggested that the effluents resulted in massive ecosystem impact.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.48-64
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• 2008

The aim of this research is to set a systemic Ecological Landscape Planning Model to cope with the destroyed landscape problems which was caused by massive development project and thoughtless development in country areas. The summary of research result are as follows. As a result of analysis on domestic and international literature, there are 60 planning index items which are nature conservation area, landscape conservation area, and build and manage wetland biotope and so on. total number of planning index is 34 after finalizing the physical index items. As a result of on-spot research, all 34 planning index after literature analysis is existing. Also, there are 38 finally-selected index which includes 4 added planning index in the process of research like natural vegetation in frequently-used spot. As a result of importance analysis on detailed planning index, most are above 5 points, which is relatively high. As a result of factor analysis on patterning for the detailed planning index, it was classified with seven elements. The first Ecological Landscape Planning model was set with integrated analysis on result of pattering for the detailed planning index and importance of detailed planning index. Based on first model, to make more systematic landscape, the analysis of MCB was conducted. As a result of MCB analysis according to planning index, it is confirmed that each planning index shows maximum. As a result of importance analysis on the 9 plans keynote, the average importance point was 4.62 for conservation area and 4.54 for enrichment area respectively. By integrating the result of importance analysis on basic aims of the first model, MCB analysis and plans, we set the second Ecological Landscape Planning model. In vertical transition, for example, 'conservation area' showed the importance point above 5.2 for all planning index except setting recreational space. Also, the analysis on parallel structure showed that relation between 'additional improvement, management, and connection' and other planning index is above 5.3 and importance on correlation with 'the part which should be protected from nature and landscape' marked 6.07 which is the highest.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1644-1648
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• 2008

해안지역은 해수욕, 어패류의 수집 등의 각종 레크레이션에 있어 많은 사람들이 이용하는 공간이며, 해수는 해안지역에서 각종 활동 중 섭취할 가능성이 있으므로, 수질이 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실제 해수욕장의 수치 모의(수리, 수문, 수질)를 통하여 우수 및 오수가 지표를 통해 해안으로 유입될 경우의 해안지역의 수질에의 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 지표에서의 우수 유출 및 오수의 흐름을 수치해석은 MOUSE 모델을 사용하였으며 해안지역의 수치해석은 MIKE 3 모델을 사용하였다. 또한 수질 분석을 위하여 미생물의 증감에 영향을 주는 해당 지역의 기온, 수온, 일조량 등의 각종 인자를 구성하여 MIKE 3의 ECOLAB 모듈을 통하여 생물학적 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 해수의 오염이 발생하면, 해수욕이 가능한 기간을 위주로 확인하였을 시, 미생물이 해수에 존재하는 시간은 연간 총 200시간 가량인 것으로 나타났으며, 강우시 해수의 오염이 발생할 시, 강우가 그친 뒤에도 미생물이 완전히 사멸할 때 까지 $4{\sim}6$시간의 정화기간이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 첨두 오염 부하량은 비가 그친 직후에 나타나는 것으로 나타났으며 미생물의 해수 유입은 5mm 이상의 강우일 경우에 기준치 이상의 미생물이 발생하며, 해당 지역에 합류식 하수관거가 있을 시에 더욱 많이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2020

하천의 수질을 나타내는 환경지표 중 국가 TMS(Tele Monitoring system)의 수질측정망을 통해 관리되고 있는 지표로는 DO, BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP 등 여러 인자들이 있다. 이러한 수질인자는 하천의 자정작용에 있어 많은 영향을 나타내고 있다. 이를 활용한 경제적이고 합리적인 수질관리를 위해 하천의 자정작용을 활용하는 것이 중요하다. 생물학적 작용을 가장 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서는 수질오염 데이터에 기초한 수질예측을 채택하여 적절한 대책이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 수질인자의 데이터를 측정하고 축적해 수질오염을 예측하는 것이 필수적인데, 실제적으로 수질인자의 일일 측정은 비용 관점에서 쉽게 접근할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 시계열 학습으로 알려진 RNN-LSTM(Recurrent Neural Network-Long Term Memory) 알고리즘을 활용하여 기존에 측정된 수질인자의 데이터를 통해 시간당 및 일일 수질인자를 예측하려고 했다. 연구에 앞서, 기존에 시간단위로 측정된 수질인자 데이터의 이상 유무를 확인 후, 에러값은 제거하고 12시간 이하 데이터가 누락되었을 때는 선형 보간하여 데이터를 사용하고, 1일 데이터도 10일 이하 데이터가 누락되었을 때 선형 보간하여 데이터를 활용하여 수질인자를 예측하였다. 수질인자를 예측하기 위해 구글이 개발한 딥러닝 오픈소스 라이브러리인 텐서플로우를 활용하였고, 연구지역으로는 대한민국 부산에 위치한 온천천의 유역을 선정하였다. 수질인자 데이터 수집은 부산광역시에서 운영하는 보건환경정보 공개시스템의 자료를 활용하였다. 모델의 연구를 위해 하천의 수질인자, 기상자료 데이터를 입력자료로 활용하였다. 분석에서는 입력자료와, 반복횟수, 시계열의 길이 등을 조절해 수질 요인을 예측했고, 모델의 정확도도 분석하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2000

Vitellogenesis, an important reproductive process in oviparous animals, includes the processes of hormonally regulated synthesis of yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (Vg), and their deposition in ovarian oocytes as a vitellin which is an important energy source as well as buoyancy regulator of the egg. Vg genes consist of a gene family that encompasses a large number of lipoproteins and produce different Mr. Vg proteins in liver. The expression of Vg is largely dependent on the estrogen, and both reproductive cycle and temperature also influence Vg synthesis. Synthetic estrogens or estrogenic pollutants was sufficient to induce Vg in both sexes of oviparous vertebrates. Therefore, the estrogenic induction of vitellogenesis in male has been used for biological marker in the screening of estrogenicity of certain endocrine disrupting compounds and the monitoring the world-wide contamination of estrogenic compounds in wild life. In the studies on the biological hazard and influence of endocrine disrupting chemicals using the Vg induction in oviparous males, it is important to consider the reproductive cycle, zoogeography and biodiversity of the wild life animals in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

In order to assess the effect of pollution on marine ecosystem, we examined the plankton health assessment at 16 stations during summer season in Jinhae Bay. The organic and inorganic pollutant sources (dissolved organic carbon; DOC, chemical oxygen demand; COD and Chlorophyll a; Chl.a), including planktonic orangism such as enterobacteria Escherichia coli, heterotrophic bacteria (HB), autotrophic nano-flagellates (ANF), heterotrophic nano flagellates (HNF), ciliate and harmful algal bloom species (HABs) were used to characterize marine ecosystem health assessment. Of these, we tentatively selected those items Chl.a, HABs, HB and E. coli for plankton health index (PHI). Also, the scoring criteria for each metric were based on a statistical analysis and then, the grades are rated on four levels. As a result, the ecological assessment of these data reveals that PHI in Jinhae Bay is rated as "Good or fair" for overall conditions. The present study suggests that the PHI might be considered as one of important management tool to assess marine ecosystem health of Jinhae Bay.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2005

The evaluation methods of river naturalness were reviewed, and one of the best methods was applied to three sample rivers-Narinchun, Bokhachun, Anyangchun. As a result, Narinchun with well preserved state, Bokhachun with being to restoration stage from the damaged, Anyangchun with severe damaged state showed 2$^{nd}$ , 3$^{rd}$ and 4$^{th}$ Grade. The application result shows the method is reliable for evaluating the damaged habitat in river. The method was improved on the evaluation items to apply lager river systems. This suggested method have 14 evaluation items with two category-river shape and river environment and five different Grades for evaluation degree according to state of natural closeness. The every 2,000-3,000m along the river system is recommended as the interval of evaluation unit. According to calssification of evaluation items, this method can supply various information related to river environment and ecology such as ecological deformation and diversity, cross sectional structure and continuity of river shapes..

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.216-221
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• 1996

The quantitative EEGs of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients were analyzed using spectral analysis and compared to age and sex-matched controls. The subjects were 19 patients(men=15, women=4) suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder(DSM-III-R). Absolute power, relative power and interhemispheric asymmetry of EEG were used to compare obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with controls. In order to fit the EEG data to a normal distribution, a log transformation of power values of every bandwidth in each deviation was calculated prior statistical analysis. The Wilcoxon rank test was performed to compare obsessive-compulsive group to the control group. In obsessive-compulsive disorder, abnormalities of quantitative EEGs are prominent in fronto-central. These results ore compatible with other brain imaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder and suggested that fronto-central area plays an important role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of organic materials on soil organisms. Changes in the community structure, and population density of soil organisms (microbes, nematodes, and microarthropods) were studied in a Korean ginseng field. Phospholipid fatty acids analysis showed that the relative abundances of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes did not differ significantly. The aerobes/anaerobes ratio was the lowest in soils amended with leaf mold, indicating that the decomposition speed was slow. Further, the addition of leaf mold to the soil enhanced the saturated/monounsaturated fatty acid ratio and cyclopropyl fatty acid/precursor ratio, which indicated an increase in environmental stresses. Application of pig manure compost (PMC) had positive effects on the population density of nematodes, and negative effects on that of oribatid mites. The population densities of nematodes, and microarthropods remained relatively low in the plots that had been treated with leaf mold or pig manure compost. It is suggested that pre-planting soil management directed at enhancing the biological decomposition efficiency should be continued over a long period to increase the soil bioactivity in virgin soils.