• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.329-338
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• 2010

The foundation area for tram contains biotite gneiss, quartzo-feldspathic gneiss, calc-silicate rock, and porphyroblastic gneiss of the pre-Cambrian Kyeonggi gneiss complex. These rocks record at least three stages of deformation, as indicated by fold sets of contrasting orientations (D1-D3). Joints are generally steeply dipping and strike NW-SE to WNW-ESE. The Gonjiam Fault, which strikes WNW-ESE, follows a river in the area. The fault possesses a 3-m-wide fracture zone, a 10-m-wide damage zone, and is 15 km long. Two tunnels have been constructed through the biotite gneiss. The geometric relationship between discontinuities (e.g., joints and foliation) and tunneling direction reveals that set 3 of the AA tunnel is unstable but that BB tunnel is relatively safe.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.38-49
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• 2004

해상 반사법탐사는 해저 지반의 지층구조를 파악하는 기술로서 해저지층에 부존하는 가스나 골재 등 해저자원 탐사와 해저의 저장시설 건설, 파이프라인 설치 등 다양한 해양 토목공사를 위한 지반조사에 사용된다. 해상 반사법탐사의 기본적인 원리는 해수면 근처에서 인공적으로 음파를 발생시켜 해저면 하부의 지층으로 침투시키면 서로 다른 물성을 갖는 지층의 경계면에서 일부 음파는 반사되는데, 이 반사파를 수신하는 것이다. 탐사과정에서 얻어진 트레이스에는 반사파 이외에도 직접파, 다중반사파와 같은 잡음이 섞여있는데 자료처리를 통해 탄성파 단면도를 작성하고, 이를 해석하여 해저지반의 지질학적 구조를 파악하는 것이 해상 반사법탐사의 목적이다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.483-492
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• 2009

During construction of a tunnel and underground structure, it is very important to acquire accurate information of the rock mass will be excavated. In this study, the drill monitoring method was applied for rapid prediction of geological condition ahead of the tunnel face. Mechanical data(speed, torque and feed pressure) from drilling process using a hydraulic drilling machine were analyzed to assess rock mass characteristics. Rock mass information acquired during excavation from drilling monitoring were compared with results from horizontal boring and tunnel seismic profiling(TSP). As the result, the drilling monitoring method is useful to assess rock mass condition such as geological structures and physical properties ahead of the tunnel face.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2017

The northern extension of the Dongrae Fault is inferred to transect the Ulsan Fault in the Gueo-ri area, Oedong-eup, ~15 km SE of Gyeongju City, Gyeongbuk province, S Korea. We conducted geological and geophysical (magnetic, electrical resistivity, and frequency domain electromagnetic) surveys to identify the extent and orientation of the Dongrae Fault in this region. Through joint interpretation of the geological and geophysical data sets, we confirm the presence of the Dongrae Fault and determine its strike ($N14^{\circ}E$). The Dongrae Fault is thought to cross the Ulsan Fault near Ipsil Bridge in the Gwangeo-ri area. Geophysical surveying revealed a fault damage zone that widens to the south, with a typical width of >200 m. Geological field surveys did not delineate the geometry of the Dongrae Fault because alluvial deposits overlie the fault in this area.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.319-332
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• 2002

This study is focused on the characterization of an effective hydraulic conductivity in each hydrogeologic unit assumed as an equivalent continuum medium in the granitic area. Four boreholes of 3" diameter were installed and a Multi-packer system was facilitated in the selected borehole. Various in-situ tests including the fracture logging, constant injection and fall-off tests, slug and pulse tests were carried out. A hydrogeologic unit was defined into the upper and lower zones based on the variation of fracture properties and hydraulic conductivities. The difference of the result obtained by the various hydraulic tests and the effective characterization techniques on rock mass permeability are also discussed. The effective hydraulic conductivity of the upper unit was measured by two times(5.27E-10 m/s~7.57E-10 m/s) that of the lower unit(2.45E-10 m/s~6.81E-10 m/s)through the constant injection and fall-off tests.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2013

We carried out geometrical, kinematic, and geomechanical analyses on a lineament (the Imgok fault) near Gangneung, observed in ASTER images and aerial photographs, and field surveys. Earthquake focal mechanism solutions, used to estimate the present-day stress state, revealed that the direction of maximum compression is approximately N$70^{\circ}$E and that the stress condition is in favor of either strike-slip or reverse movement on the fault. The strike of the fault is not ideal for slip under the present-day stress field and thus the fault has a low slip tendency. However, the fault may be able to slip if the frictional coefficient (${\mu}$), representing the resistance of the fault to slip, is sufficiently low (e.g., ${\mu}$ < 0.25).

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

Joint roughness is one of the most important parameters in analysis of rock slope stability. Especially in probabilistic analysis, the random properties of joint roughness influence the probability of slope failure. Therefore, a large dataset on joint roughness is required for the probabilistic analysis but the traditional direct measurement of roughness in the field has some limitations. Terrestrial LiDAR has advantagess over traditional direct measurement in terms of cost and time. JRC (Joint Roughness Coefficient) was calculated from statistical parameters which are known from quantitative methods of converting the roughness of the material surface into JRC. The mean, standard deviation and distribution function of JRC were obtained, and we found that LiDAR is useful in obtaining large dataset for random variables.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2020

The estimation of strength parameters is very important for the stability analysis of rock slopes. Various methods for the determination of strength parameters were suggested by various researchers. The number of methods used for the estimation of strength parameters in the stability analysis of rock slopes were investigated based on literature reviews. The frequency of the method determining strength parameters were investigated with respect to failure types. The cohesion and friction angles of the rock and discontinuities are presented with RMR values. The cohesion shows wider range of values relative to those of friction angles according to current studies. Even though RMR does not show any correlation with cohesion values, RMR and the friction angle of the rock clearly shows a positive relationship. Proper methods should be utilized for the determination of strength parameters with consideration for failure types and be proved through literature reviews. The credibility of determining strength parameters is expected to improve if strength parameters data are accumulated from the back analysis performed for failed local rock slopes.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.315-325
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• 2020

This study was performed to develop a model to predict landslides and determine the variable importance of landslides susceptibility factors based on the probabilistic prediction of landslides occurring on slopes along the road. Field survey data of 30,615 slopes from 2007 to 2020 in Korea were analyzed to develop a landslide prediction model. Of the total 131 variable factors, 17 topographic factors and 114 geological factors (including 89 bedrocks) were used to predict landslides. Automated machine learning (AutoML) was used to classify landslides and non-landslides. The verification results revealed that the best model, an extremely randomized tree (XRT) with excellent predictive performance, yielded 83.977% of prediction rates on test data. As a result of the analysis to determine the variable importance of the landslide susceptibility factors, it was composed of 10 topographic factors and 9 geological factors, which was presented as a percentage for each factor. This model was evaluated probabilistically and quantitatively for the likelihood of landslide occurrence by deriving the ranking of variable importance using only on-site survey data. It is considered that this model can provide a reliable basis for slope safety assessment through field surveys to decision-makers in the future.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2017

Recently, tunneling under the seabed is becoming increasingly common in many countries. In Korea, there are proposals to tunnel from the mainland to Jeju Island. Safe construction requires geologic structures such as faults to be characterized during the design and construction phase; however, unlike on land, such structures are difficult to survey seabed. This study aims to develop an algorithm that uses geostatistics to automatically derive large-scale geological structures on the seabed. The most important considerations in this method are the optimal size of the moving window, the optimal type of spatial statistics, and determination of the optimal percentile standard. Finally, the optimal analysis algorithm was developed using the R program, which comprehensibly presents variations in spatial statistics. The program allows the type and percentile standard of spatial statistics to be specified by the user, thus enabling an analysis of the geological structure according to variations in spatial statistics. The geotechnical defense-training algorithm shows that a large, linear geological lineament is best visualized using a $3{\times}3$ moving window and a 10% upper standard based on the moving variance value and fractile. In particular, setting the fractile criterion to the upper 0.5% almost entirely eliminates the error values from the contour image.