• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

Assembled Earth Retaining wall (AER-wall is used here) using back pile (back supporting beam is used from here) has been developed at Pusan National University. Both cost and time have been significantly reduced because AER-wall can be fabricated in a shop. Also its stability has been improved with a back supporting beam reducing earth pressure. In this study, the test results were analyzed after laboratory model tests were performed. The lateral displacement of AER-wall significantly decreased with both inclined wall and back supporting beams. As a result, the stability of AER-wall and effect of back supporting beam have been analyzed and verified.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.343-355
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• 2017

In this study, an Assembled Earth Retaining Wall (AER wall) is newly proposed. The AER wall combined stabilizing piles names as Back Supporting Beam is developed to improve stability and economics of existing retaining walls. For the verification of the AER wall, the field model tests and 3D numerical analyses were performed. As a result of the field tests, it can be confirmed that the earth pressure is considerably reduced compared with the L-shaped retaining wall. Also, the 3D numerical analyses show that AER wall is at least 29.85% more effective at lateral displacement than general L-shaped retaining wall. In other words, AER wall is expected to raise economical efficiency because of excellent mechanical stability of Back Supporting Beam.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Medium to large post structures installed along the roadside without proper protection can lead to serious vehicle damage and occupant injury at the impact. In North America and Europe, splitting systems such as slip base or breakaway device are used to reduce impacts. But the system has the risk of secondary accident when the splitted post falls down to the traffic or pedestrian. Sliding Post have been proposed as a way to solve this problem. By studying the crash test results of the 1.3ton and 0.9ton vehicle with 60 km/h and 80 km/h to a Rigidly Fixed Post (RFP) and Sliding Post (SP), danger of the conventional RFP and crashworthiness of the SP have been proven. While collision analysis only from the acceleration measured at the center of the vehicle assumes the motion of the post is the same as that of the vehicle, in this paper, by adding high speed film data to the analysis with vehicle acceleration could have separate the post motion from the vehicle motion. It gives better explanations on the movement of post and vehicle in each distinctive time step and provides basics to the crashworthy post design.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.99-110
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• 2012

Inclined Earth Retaining Structure Method (IER method, briefly) is developed in order to improve the existing earth retaining method. In IER method, there are three main structures, front support, back support, and head binding. Especially, back support acts the role that reduces the earth pressure acting on the front support. In this study, the stability according to the installation angle and stiffness of front or back support is analysed by model tests. By the test results, it is known that inclined back support is very effective to reduce the earth pressure acting on the front support. Especially, the effect of the stiffness and installation angle of back support is analysed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8966-8976
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• 2015

Unshielded posts on roadside are a critical hazard to the safety of impact vehicle to the posts. A crashworthy post is developed. In the first phase, it dissipates the impact energy by the linear momentum conservation principle while the plastic impact between the post and vehicle takes place, then, the second phase dissipation follows by the deformation of the energy absorbing modules embedded in the guide trough of the foundation. Simulations of impacts to a rigidly connected post and crashworthy post were made using LS-DYNA program, which demonstrated the danger of unshielded rigidly connected post and the effectiveness of the proposed crashworthy post to the 0.9ton-80km/h impact.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

When a rigid post is exposed to traffic, it is hazardous not only to head-on impacts but also to side impacts. Clip-type slip base is an effective measure to reduce the severity of head-on impacts and side impacts as well because of its multi-directional release mechanism. Side impact tests were conducted and the results were analysed to demonstrate the hazardousness of a rigid post to a side impact and the crash worthiness of a post having clip-type slip base. For that, side impact test standard was made adapting the NCHRP Report 350, and 820kg-50km/h side impact tests were made for posts of D101.6mm(t=4.2mm) with and without slip base. Additionally, 35km/h side impact to the same post with slip base was conducted to check whether the clip-type slip base release mechanism works properly to the low impact speed. The tests revealed that the rigidly connected post was very hazardous to side impact while the post with the clip-type slip base reduced the impact severity tremendously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.428-432
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• 1993

For the elucidation of some informations on juice manufacturing properties of tomato, physical, chemical and sensory characteristic were analyzed for two groups of cultivation pattern-nonproped cultivation (5 varieties) and proped cultivation (4 varieties). The proped cultivation showed higher sugar content of juice than the nonproped on. Among the proped Jeokpung and Master 2 showed high value of sugar content. The lowest value of sugar content was observed in 79078$\times$ARC of the nonproped. There was no difference in acidity between cultivation groups but high value was observed in TM103, Jinhong from the nonproped and Jeokpung from the proped. There was no difference in pH between tomoto juice. High content of vitamin C was observed in 79078$\times$CL1561 from the nonproped and 76Moll-3-2-2 from the proped. High viscosity was observed in 79078$\times$CL1561 from the nonproped and Horgju from the proped. The nonproped showed greater value in dominant wavelength than the proped. Good Hope showed the greatest value in dominant wavelength, color score of panel test and yield. It was found that Good Hope from the nonproped and Jeokpung from the proped were suitable for juice processing. But better quality of juice can be possibly made by using various varieties rather than using single variety because each variety has each goodness of juice preparation separately.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2005

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 비폐쇄성 무정자증 환자에서 나타나는 정자형성과정의 이상과 고환세포의 세포자연사와의 연관관계 여부를 확인하였다. 또한 SELDI-TOF MS 분석을 통하여 고환 내 단백질 발현 양상을 확인하고, 질환에 따른 효과적인 biomarker 개발 가능성 여부를 확인하였다. 재료 및 방법: RT-PCR 및 면역조직화학법을 사용하여 고환에서의 Fas, FasL, Bcl-2, Bax와 Caspase-3의 발현 양상을 확인하고, in situ DNA 3'-end-labelling 방법으로 고환세포의 세포자연사 양상을 확인하였다. SELDI-TOF MS 분석법에 의한 고환의 병리학적 소견에 따른 단백질 발현 변화는 소수성 칩 ($H_4$)을 사용하여 분자량 10~100 kDa 범위 내에서 분석하였다. 결 과: 정상적인 정자형성과정을 보이는 폐쇄성 무정자증 환자의 고환에 비해 지주세포 증후군 (Sertoli cell only syndrome)과 성숙정지 (maturation arrest)를 보이는 고환 내 생식세포와 지주세포에서 세포자연사가 현저하게 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 세포자연사 관련인자들의 발현 양상을 확인한 결과, 지주세포 증후군과 성숙정지 환자군에서 Fas와 FasL mRNA의 발현이 증가하였으나, bcl-2, bax와 caspase-3 mRNA 발현의 경우에는 두 질환 모두에서 유의한 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. FasL 단백질 발현의 경우, 세포자연사의 증가가 관찰되었던 지주세포 증후군과 성숙정지를 보이는 환자의 간질세포와 지주세포에서 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. SELDI-TOF MS 분석 결과에서 폐쇄성 무정자증 환자군에 비해 전체적인 단백질 발현양이 지주세포 증후군과 성숙정지 환자의 고환에서 감소하는 양상을 보였으며, 특히, 16.730 kDa 단백질의 현저한 감소를 확인할 수 있었다. 결 론: 본 연구결과를 통해 비폐쇄성 무정자증 환자에서 나타나는 정자형성과정의 장애는 생식세포의 비정상적인 세포자연사와 연관되어 있으며, 고환 내 Fas와 FasL의 비정상적인 발현이 주된 원인인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, SELDI-TOF MS 분석법을 통한 단백질 발현 양상의 연구는 무정자증 환자에서의 다양한 병리학적 소견을 쉽게 파악할 수 있는 biomarker 발굴뿐만 아니라 질환의 원인규명을 위한 연구에도 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 1981

This report was the result of Food and Nutrition Intake Survey of 210 adults of 43 rural households in 7 villages located on Kyung Nam, Korea. It was intended to provide baseline information on the nutrintional status and inequality, the change of food consumption pattern of different rural socioeconomic classes. The survey results were as follows; 1. All the nutrient intakes(except Ca) were above RDA in landlord classes, but those were extremely poor in tenancy and rural laborer classes. Ca was the most deficient nutrient in all classes. 'Vitamin A' was deficient in most of the classes. 2. In per capita food consumption expenditure, the highest was in landlord class, next capitalist farmer and middle class farmer, the lowest were rural laborer and tenancy. There were highest consumption of vegetables and fish in landlord class, and milks and oils in capitalist farmer. The consumption of rice fruits, meats, eggs, and seasoning were relatively proportionated to the income. 3. In the change of food consumption, the most increased items were beverages and meats in capitalist farmer, fish and fruits in landlord, rice in the other classes. 4. In the correlation with food consumption, education level showed the highest correlation with meats, oils, and in contrast, land sire showed the highest correlation with cereals. Engel's coefficient was positively correlated to cereals, but negatively correlated to fish and meats.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.6 no.3 s.21
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• pp.111-121
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• 2006

Beam String Structure is a structure system that is composed with beam, strut and string, and the structural capacity of this structure system is enhanced by introducing prestress force in string and controling the stress and deformation of beam. Researching on the established studies and examples, character and composition methods of Beam String Structure was investigated. At the result, It was examined that the design elements of the system are shape and rise of beam, sag of string, plan arrangement and the composition and number of strut, in addition, detailed composition methods of the design elements were represented. Also, it was showed that the method to form the individual mechanism against additional load can be employed in order to reduce stress of Beam String Structure under the heavy additional load.