• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.511-515
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• 2005

기업은 고객이 원하는 시기에 원하는 제품을 구매할 수 있도록 항상 준비가 되어 있어야 한다. 고객의 수요를 만족시키기 위하여 기업은 다양한 수요예측방법을 통하여 적절한 재고 수준과 수요예측을 하고 있다. 제조 기업의 경우에는 다른 산업에 비하여 정확한 수요예측과 낮은 재고 수준의 유지가 비용과 직접적인 연관이 있기 때문에 제조 기업은 경제적인 주문량 결정(Economic Order Quantity: EOQ)이 매우 중요한 문제이다. 주문량을 결정하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있지만, 본 논문에서는 고객 지연을 방지하기 위하여 경제적 주문량 결정에 고객 지연과 관련된 비용을 포함시키는 것은 물론 고객 지연이라는 상황을 방지하는 노력의 한 방법으로 가격 할인(discount system)을 이용하고자 한다. 가격 할인을 이용하여 고객으로 하여금 빠른 주문을 유도하고 그로 인하여 고객 지연 상황의 발생을 줄여보려고 한다.

• Transportation Technology and Policy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2017

In this study, we figured out that music modes and item types could affect people's urged decision making through a k-value which results from a delay discounting's hyperbolic function. Generally, high k-value is related to impulsive decision making. Concretely, there was a significant interaction between items and music. For the luxury item, the k-value was higher while listening to major music than minor. However, for the non-luxury item condition the k-value difference was not significant between two pieces of music. Moreover, we expected mood could be manipulated after listening to the music and mediate a difference of tendency. We used first movement as an allegro and second as an andante of Mozart piano concerto No.5 D-major and No.20 D-minor for stimuli. As a result, mode and tempo's main effects were not significant. Nevertheless, there was a significant two-way interaction. To put it concretely, the k-value of major condition was marginally higher than minor condition on allegro. However, the k-value of major condition was significantly lower than minor condition on andante. Also, depressed degree difference was significant but it was not significant as a mediator. Set depressed degree as a predict variable and future time span as a mediator, further research found future time perception partially mediated the effect that depressed degree affects impulsivity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.114-122
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• 2015

Real estate development requires significant amount of capital investment. The project duration has been increased according to its enlarged size. For this reason, cost overrun and time delay are important risk factors that should be managed properly. As a method to hedge the risk, varoius real option methods have been presented. However, conventional project value assesment methods such as NPV(Net Present Value) have weakness to support decision making by reflecting dynamic situations in terms of variation of cost and time. Furthermore, the decision making process is serious of actions rather than discrete event. The purpose of this paper is to present a multiple real option valuation method to overcome the deterministic aspect of real option presented in previous research and practice. The method is developed as following: firstly, to select the model that can be applied in the real estate development project through a survey from previous literature on real options analysis; secondly, to apply data from office development case in order to verify the model by applying conventional real option and multiple real option valuation. According to analysis result, multiple real option provides enhanced values comparing to NPV and single real option.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.241
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• pp.34-37
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• 2010

공정거래위원회가 지난해 말 20개 건설업체를 대상으로 하도급 현장조사를 실시한 결과 조사대상 업체 모두 법위반 행위를 하고 있음을 적발, 약 4억원의 과징금 부과와 총 51억원 상당의 위반금액을 936개 관련 하도급업체들에게 지급하도록 조치했다. 확인된 법위반 유형으로는 $\triangle$부당하게 하도급대금 결정 $\triangle$하도급대금 지연이자 미지급 $\triangle$어음할인료 수수료 미지급 $\triangle$선급금 지급 위반 $\triangle$지급보증 불이행 등이 대부분이다. 특히, 하도급공사 입찰시 입찰최저가가 이미 자기 실행예산보다 낮음에도 불구하고 이보다 더 낮추기 위해 금지되어 있는 재입찰 방식이나 추가 인하 수단을 동원한 바 있고, 자기 회사는 공공기관 등 발주자로부터 현금으로 공사대금을 받고도 하도급업체들에게는 현금이 아닌 장기어음 등으로 지급하는 등의 사례가 적발됨으로써 나쁜 관행이 여전히 만연되고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-83
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• 2019

Delay of immediate gains/losses brings on additional gaines/losses as much as waiting period. However, there are individual difference in evaluating the value of delayed time discounting on the person. In this study, to investigates the individual differences about valuating the delayed time, it is ascertained the correlation between decisions from intertemporal choice task and individual differences of risk taking/perception, emotion, regulatory focus, and HPSP and BELT, subjective period measuring task. In Addition, it is analyzed the individual differences after classifying good/bad performer of intertemporal tasks and person who perceive long/short about the future periods. As a result, good performers of intertemporal task have high openness and perceive longer about 12 hours, 15 days, 6 months and 5 years. Reconstruction about future temporal length plays an important role on intertemporal task, and it is discussed about necessity of follow up study.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.1A
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• pp.64-73
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• 2000

Since so many potentials of services, applications, marketing and regulation, it is difficult to decide the fair pricing scheme of network services. However, these considerations are not particular to the operation of a communications network, which is closely related to technological constraints for QoS guarantee. In this paper, the power spectral analysis of MPEG video based on the P-MMBBP model is discussed in the manner of the QoS degradation to the packet delay. As a consequence of the QoS-degradation, a new fair-pricing scheme with the discount factor is proposed. As a result, the proposed scheme shows good characteristics to guarantee the fairness of the charging in the Internet wide-area network.

• 월간 기계설비
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• no.10 s.207
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• pp.39-42
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• 2007

공정거래위원회(위원장 권오승)는 최근 하도급법 위반사업자에 대한 과징금 부과시 과징금 부과여부 결정 및 과징금액 산정을 위한 세부 기준을 마련하고 지난 8월 22일 하도급법 위반사업자에 대한 과징금 부과기준에 관한 고시를 제정한데 이어 지난 8월 30일부터 시행에 들어갔다. 공정위는 과징금 부과를 위해 종전에는 위원회 사무준칙인 지침을 운용하였으나, 이번 고시 제정을 통해 과징금 부과의 예측가능성, 객관성 및 투명성을 제고하였다. 고시에 따르면 원사업자의 위법행위를 신고한 중소 하도급업체에 거래단절 등 불이익을 주는 보복행위를 하거나 하도급대금·어음할인료·지연이자 등을 지급한 후 이를 회수 또는 납품대금에서 공제하는 탈법행위 등 악성 위법행위에 대해서는 과징금을 부과하기로 했다. 또 위반사업자가 하도급거래시장에서 영향력이 큰 대기업자 이거나 과거 위반전력이 많은 경우로서 부당 하도급대금 결정, 부당감액 등 중대하거나 파급효과가 큰 위반행위를 했을 때도 과징금을 부과하기로 했다. 공정위가 하도급법 위반사업자에 대한 과징금 부과여부의 결정기준과 과징금액 산정방식을 보다 구체화하여 시행함으로써, 법위반의 정도에 상응하는 제재로 인하여 법집행의 실효성이 강화되어 재발방지 효과가 클 것으로 기대된다. 아울러 과징금 부과의 객관성과 투명성을 높이는 한편, 예측가능성을 높임에 따라 대기업 등 원사업자의 자율적인 하도급법 준수 의식을 제고하여 법위반을 사전에 방지함으로써 중소기업의 피해를 예방하는데 크게 기여할 것으로 보여진다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-37
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• 2018

In recent times, private sector allocates the risk between private sector investors in terms of equity transaction and agreement transaction. The additional risk-allocation have made the cash flows of private sector investors fluctuated and some of the PPP projects delayed. Therefore, analyzing the impact of the risk reallocation between private sector investors on their cash flows is critical for encouraging the private sector participants. In this study, a model to evaluate the financial viability of PPP project is developed based on the discounted cash flow analysis. The model can analyze the variability by equity and agreement transaction by identifying key variables of equity transaction, influence factors of agreement transaction, and relationship between the transactions and investor's profitability. It is expected that the private sector can determine the investment decision for PPP projects when the risk reallocation is occurred.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.703-711
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• 2018

Recently, as various metro lines have been constructed and connected to other lines the rate of utilization has also been increased. However, the existing fare policy which the government does still stick to causes not only inappropriate action to the demand pattern but aggravation of the profit of the operation company. This study reviewed rail fare policy of major countries such as Japan and U.K etc. to improve the rationality of fare policy in Korea. In order to systematical analysis of fare policy, such viewpoints as of fare decision method, the card fare discounting system, the structure of fare, and the government subsidy policy were reviewed. Based on the results from the review, various problems and improvement plans were drawn. Through this study, appropriate fare systems to urban railway users could be given to improve the chronic deficit problem of urban railway operators.