• Title/Summary/Keyword: 지연일수

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A Study on SOVA-Based Turbo Code with Reduced Decoding Delay (감소된 복호 지연을 갖는 SOVA기반 터보 부호에 관한 연구)

  • 강경우;박노진;강철호
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2000.09a
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    • pp.597-600
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    • 2000
  • Turbo Code는 반복 복호알고리듬을 사용함으로써 백색 가우시안 잡음(AWGN)채널 환경에서 Shannon의 한계에 가까운 성능을 보이는 오류정정 방식으로 제안되었다. 그러나 Turbo code는 반복복호로 인해 매복호시마다 큰 인터리버와 복호기를 거쳐야 하기 때문에 수신과정에서 커다란 지연을 요구하게 된다. 따라서 차세대 무선 멀티미디어 통신에서 실시간으로 음성서비스나 화상서비스를 제공하는데 어려움이 많다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 터보 복호기를 변형하여 매 복호시 각각의 복호기에서 출력시퀀스를 발생시킴으로서 반복 복호 횟수를 줄이는 방법을 제안하였다. 이렇게 함으로서 기존의 Turbo code가 갖는 성능은 크게 변화시키지 않으면서 각각의 정보프레임을 가변적으로 복호함으로서 반복복호로 인한 시간 지연을 줄일수 있었다.

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Analysis of Progress Schedule and Delay Element of Frame Works in Apartments (아파트 구체공사의 공정관리 및 공기지연요소 분석에 관한 연구)

  • 최은준;최민권;조형근
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.157-160
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    • 2003
  • In order to reduce the construction cost and period without degrading the quality, construction companies are making a lot of efforts to prefabricate and mechanize the construction process, and introducing and utilizing various techniques of construction time management in the process of construction. However, due to the various factors (such as weather conditions, labor factors, supply of equipment and materials, safety accident, etc) in the process of construction, construction projects are not frequently completed within the scheduled Period. This research is to examine the current status of construction time management and factors causing delay in construction with regard to the concrete work (such as form work, steel reinforcement, and concrete work) in building apartments.

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An Adaptive Prefetching Technique for Software Distributed Shared Memory Systems (소프트웨어 분산공유메모리시스템을 위한 적응적 선인출 기법)

  • Lee, Sang-Kwon;Yun, Hee-Chul;Lee, Joon-Won;Maeng, Seung-Ryoul
    • Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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    • v.28 no.9
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    • pp.461-468
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    • 2001
  • Though shared virtual memory (SVM) system promise low cost solutions for high performance computing they suffer from long memory latencies. These latencies are usually caused by repetitive invalidations on shared data. Since shared data are accessed through synchronization and the patterns by which threads synchronizes are repetitive, a prefetching scheme bases on such repetitiveness would reduce memory latencies. Based on this observation, we propose a prefetching technique which predicts future access behavior by analyzing access history per synchronization variable. Our technique was evaluated on an 8-node SVM system using the SPLASH-2 benchmark. The results show the our technique could achieve 34%~45% reduction in memory access latencies.

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A Study on the Delay Analysis Methodologies in Construction of Korea High Speed Railway (경부고속철도 건설사업의 공기지연분석에 관한 연구)

  • Yun Sung-Min;Lee Sang-Hyun;Chae Myung-Jin;Han Seung-Heon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.250-255
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    • 2004
  • To analyze delay, Seoul - Daegu line of Korea High Speed Railway was divided into three sections and analyzed independently by the business characteristics. The analysis on the project delay reasons was performed on macro and micro scales. This analytic method was named as 'Macro-Micro Delay Analysis Method (MMDAM)'. The macro scale analysis has three approaches, which are (1) scheduling, (3) structural characteristic, (3) and responsibility of project administrative works. Micro analysis also has three, methodologies which are (1) As Planned Method, (2) As Built method, (3) Modified Time Impact Analysis for analyzing the most influential section which the largest delay occurred. Using elicited project delay reasons from above analysis, the questionnaire was carried out for analyzing the influence of project delay reason. The reasons of the delay were driven from two different aspects (1) structural characteristic and (2) responsibility of the people involved in the project. The reasons that were identified from aforementioned three sections are the factors of the delay of the large-scale government driven projects. Finally, the author suggested the methodology of identifying the project delaying factors. The author also analyzed delay reasons in both the overseas and domestic cases of high rapid railway construction and has elicited some benchmarks for the future projects.

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Effect of Abnormal Ovarian Cycle Postpartum on Subsequent Reproductive Performance in Holstein Cows (젖소의 분만 후 비정상적 난소 주기가 번식 성적에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Soo-Bong;Son, Jun-Kyu;Park, Seong-Jai;Baek, Kwang-Soo;Jeon, Byeong-Soon;Ahn, Byeong-Seog;Kim, Hyeon-Shup;Park, Choon-Keun
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.213-218
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of abnormal ovarian cycle postpartum on subsequent reproductive performance of Holstein cows. The cows were considered to have resumed ovarian cyclicity on the day of ovulation if followed by regular ovarian cycles. Total 58.8 percentage of the cows(l14/194) had normal resumption of ovarian cyclicity(resumption within 40 days after calving), and 41.2%(80/194) had delayed resumption(resumption did not occur until >40 days after calving). Delayed resumption Type I(one or more ovarian cycles with luteal phase >20 days, i.e. prolonged luteal phase; 17.5%) and delayed resumption Type II(first ovulation did net occur until $\geq$40 days after calving, i.e. anovulation 22.7%) were the most common types of delayed resumptions. When compared with cows with a normal ovarian cycle, the cows of delayed resumption Type I had a lower 100 days AI submission conception and pregnancy rates(84.2% vs 40.0%; p<0.01, 24.0% vs 21.4% and 20.2% vs 11.1%, respectively), and longer intervals to first AI and to conception($64.7{\pm}2.79$ days vs $105.7{\pm}7.48$ days and $105.1{\pm}7.16$ days vs $133.7{\pm}11.17$ days, respectively; p<0.01). Similarly, when compared with cows with normal ovarian cycles, the cows of delayed resumption Type II had lower 100 days conception and pregnancy rates(24.0% vs 20.0% and 20.2% vs 16.3%, respectively), and longer intervals to first AI and to conception($64.7{\pm}2.79$ days vs $72.6{\pm}4.45$ days and $105.1{\pm}7.16$ days vs $120.8{\pm}12.33$ days, respectively). In conclusion, abnormal ovarian cycles postpartum adversely affected reproductive performance, including AI submission rate, pregnancy rate, interval to first AI, and calving to conception interval in Holstein cows.

Characteristics of Water- and Foodborne Disease's Reports in Korea National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System, 2012-2021 (2012-2021 전수감시 대상 수인성·식품매개감염병의 발생 신고 특징)

  • Jisu Won;Bryan Inho Kim;Hyungjun Kim;Jin Gwack;Hae-Sung Nam
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.132-143
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: We aimed to describe the reporting patterns of 6 notifiable surveillance diseases in the Republic of Korea, including water- and foodborne infections, from 2012 to 2021. Methods: For the 12,296 cases that met the reporting criteria, we calculated the number of reported cases, including the number of cases confirmed by lab tests or suspected by a physician, the number of cases with delayed reporting and their average days of delay, and the median days required to report the confirmatory test results. Results: The overall number of reported cases consistently increased over the ten years, with a significant rise in the reported cases of typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and EHEC. Ninety-five percent of all reported cases were timely reported within one day of diagnosis. Vibrio vulnificus had the highest rate of delayed reporting (6.8% delayed over 1 day, 3.0% delayed over 3 days), while cholera had the lowest rate (1.9% delayed over 1 day, 0.1% delayed over 3 days). The average days of delayed reporting was 6.1 days: the highest for paratyphoid fever (10.8 days) and the lowest for cholera (2.7 days). For typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, there has been an increase in the proportion of cases with negative test results. For vibrio vulnificus, there has been an increase in the proportion of cases with confirmed positive test results. As for EHEC, there has been a recent increase in cases with no confirmatory tests. Conclusions: Reported cases of water- and foodborne infectious diseases increased, indicating improved surveillance system completeness. However, for paratyphoid fever, improvements are needed in terms of timely notification by healthcare facilities and timely reporting of confirmatory test results.

The Distribution of Heat Waves and 10 Cause in South Korea (한국의 열파 분포와 그 원인에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ji-Youn;Lee, Seung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.42 no.3 s.120
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    • pp.332-343
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    • 2007
  • This study aims to examine the distribution of heat waves and to understand its cause for 33 years$(1973\sim2005)$ from 60 weather stations in Korea. Heat wave is defined as a period of 3 or more days with a daily maximum temperature exceeds the 95th percentile. In the inland of Chungcheong region, the Chungcheong western costal region, the inland of Jeolla region, the inland of Gyeongsang region and the southern region of Jeju island, heat wave days appeared more than 160 days. In the middle region of eastern costal and the northern region of Jeju island, heat wave days were less than 110 days. In regions that were heavily influenced by southwesterly winds during the occurrence of heat waves, such as the inland of Chungcheong region, the Chungcheong western costal region, the inland of Jeolla region and the inland of Gyeongsang region, heat waves continued for the longer term.

Distribution and Changing Trend on the Occurrence of Spring Colds (꽃샘추위의 발생 분포와 변화 경향)

  • Kwon Young-Ah;Kim Jiyoun;Lee Seungho
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.40 no.3 s.108
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    • pp.285-295
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    • 2005
  • This paper was examined distribution and changing trends on occurrence days of Spring Cold(cold surge in the flowering season) from the end of February to early in April during 1973-2004. We defined an occurrence day of Spring Colds as above $10\%$ of the anomalies of mean daily temperature or above $10\%$ of the difference of the daily mean temperature between the day before two days. In the west coastal region, the occurrence days of Spring Colds is higher in the end of February and less frequent in the early in April. In the east coastal region, the occurrence days of Spring Colds is higher in the early in April. Spring Colds is closely related with frequencies and a intensities of Siberian High. The occurrence days of Spring Colds has decreased in the most area except Ulleung island and the east coastal region.

A Study on Considering Non-Working Days for Determination Normal Project Duration in the Railway Bridgework Construction (철도 교량공사의 적정공사기간 산정을 위한 비작업일 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Chae, Su Min;Lee, Sang Hyuck;Park, Hyung Keun
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.601-608
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    • 2021
  • Recently, despite a decrease in the number of working days and an increase in the number of non-working days due to an increase in the abnormal climate and the revision of the Labor Standards Act, a standard construction period reflecting this has not been established. For this reason, even if the appropriate construction period is calculated at the site, there is a situation where delays occur due to unexpected circumstances. Therefore, this study proposes a method of calculating the number of non-working days for railway bridgework construction that reflects changes in construction conditions and climate change and reflects this to railway bridgework construction, and the number of working days was calculated. As a result, the number of non-working days by region and month in Korea was derived, and through this, the necessity of regulations and standards for appropriate construction periods reflecting regional characteristics and characteristics of each construction type was presented.

Effect of Drainage Duration before Seeding and Furrow Depth on Seedling Establishment and Growth in Direct Drill Seeding Culture of Rice on Puddled Soil (벼 무논골뿌림 재배에서 파종전 논 굳힘 일수 및 골깊이가 입모 및 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sang-Su;Back, Nam-Hyun;Seok, Soon-Jong;Lee, Seon-Yong;Kim, Jong-Ho;Cho, Dong-Sam
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.531-536
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    • 1994
  • Drainage duration before seeding and furrow depth desirable for establishment and growth in direct drill seeding of rice on puddled paddy soil were investigated. Furrow depths tested were 2, 4 and 6cm in combination with drainage duration 2, 4, and 6days. Dongjinbyeo was used and seeded on May 11, 1993. Seedling establishment were improved by longer drainage duration and by shallower furrow. Lodging occurred moderately at furrow depth of 2cm with 4 and 6days of surface drainage before seeding. This lodging might be attributable to the shallow burying of shoot below soil surface. Rice yield was highest at furrow depth of 4cm with 4days drainage before seeding. In considering seedling establishment and yield, desirable drainage duration before seeding and furrow depth might be 4days and 4cm, respectively. Cone(115g) penetration depth, dropped at 1m above soil surface, was 6 to 7cm on the date after 4days drainage before seeding.

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