• Title/Summary/Keyword: 지연오차

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Optimal Acoustic Sound Localization System Based on a Tetrahedron-Shaped Microphone Array (정사면체 마이크로폰 어레이 기반 최적 음원추적 시스템)

  • Oh, Sangheon;Park, Kyusik
    • Journal of KIISE
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.13-26
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    • 2016
  • This paper proposes a new sound localization algorithm that can improve localization performance based on a tetrahedron-shaped microphone array. Sound localization system estimates directional information of sound source based on the time delay of arrival(TDOA) information between the microphone pairs in a microphone array. In order to obtain directional information of the sound source in three dimensions, the system requires at least three microphones. If one of the microphones fails to detect proper signal level, the system cannot produce a reliable estimate. This paper proposes a tetrahedron- shaped sound localization system with a coordinate transform method by adding one microphone to the previously known triangular-shaped system providing more robust and reliable sound localization. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, a real time simulation was conducted, and the results were compared to the previously known triangular-shaped system. From the simulation results, the proposed tetrahedron-shaped sound localization system is superior to the triangular-shaped system by more than 46% for maximum sound source detection.

Quantitative Estimaton of Amount of Sediment Loss around Round Revetment for Various Inflow Velocities (접근유속에 따른 호안 주변 매립토 유실량의 정량적 평가 방안)

  • Kim, Dong Hyun;Cho, Jae Nam;Kim, Gyu-Seon;Lee, Seung Oh
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.106-106
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    • 2016
  • 매립공사시 매립토의 유실로 인한 공사기간의 지연, 공사비 증액 등이 발생할 수 있다. 이에 대한 정량적인 예측은 매우 중요하나, 그에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 미비하다. 본 연구에서는 매립토의 유실은 유입된 유사와 호안 표면의 유사가 흐름에 의해 공사구간을 빠져나간 양이라 정하였다. 매립공사에서 유실량의 산정은 매립물량 산정과 직결되며 이는 경제성 부분에서 매우 중요하다. 그러나 국내에서는 경험에 의존한 유실율을 기준으로 매립물량을 결정하고 있는 실정이고, 현장계측으로도 유실량을 정량적으로 판단하기 쉽지않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 호안 주변의 흐름 특성을 고려한 매립토의 유실량을 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 방안으로 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 수리실험은 길이 13.0 m, 폭 5.0 m의 직사각형 단면의 광폭 수로에서 수행하였으며 일정한 양의 유사를 유입하기 위해 자체 제작한 유사공급장치를 사용하였다. 매립토의 특성을 고려하기 위하여 일반모래($d_{50}=0.621mm$, SG=2.72)와 안트라사이트($d_{50}=1.547mm$, SG=1.61) 두 가지 유사를 사용하였고, 매립토 유실요인 중 흐름특성에 의해 외부로 유실되는 양을 보다 명확히 규명하기 위해 유사를 유입하기 전과 후의 양을 각각 직접 채취하는 원시적인 방법과 3D 스캔을 통한 방법을 이용하여 평가한 유실율과 비교 검토해 보았다. 두 가지 방법에 대한 상대오차는 최대 3.12%로 나타났다. 흐름조건에 따른 매립토의 유실율은 살펴보면 두 가지 유사 모두 한계유속(Vc)을 넘어서는 순간, 급격히 유실율이 증가하였고, 일반모래는 약 10 % 안트라사이트는 약 30%로 각각 나타났다. 향후 매립토의 특성인자의 영향을 명확하게 구분하기 위해 다양한 매립토를 활용하여 보다 많은 조건하에서 실험을 수행한다면 매립토의 유실량 산정의 정확성을 높일 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

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Optimal Water Intake Scheduling for Water Treatment based on Linear Programming Method (선형계획법을 이용한 정수장 취수계획 최적화 방안의 적용성 분석)

  • Lee, Indoe;Jeong, Gimoon;Kang, Doosun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2019.05a
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    • pp.402-402
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    • 2019
  • 최근 기후변화에 따른 용수사용량의 계절별 변화가 나타나고 있다. 따라서, 효율적인 용수 관리에 대한 관심은 배수지 및 송수 시스템의 운영을 넘어 정수장의 운영에서도 그 변화가 나타나고 있다. 수질관리 측면에 다소 집중되었던 정수장 운영의 중요도는 수량을 함께 관리하는 방향으로 변화할 것으로 전망되며, 따라서 취수 단계에서부터 용수 공급의 전 과정을 고려하는 지능형 정수장 관리시스템이 주목받고 있다. 상수도 공급을 위한 정수장의 운영은 크게 원수의 취수 및 도수, 정수처리, 정수된 용수의 저장, 배수 및 급수의 과정으로 구분할 수 있다. 이때, 원수의 취수와 도수, 정수처리 과정에는 상대적으로 긴 시간이 소요되므로, 정수장의 운영 관리자는 이러한 지연시간을 감안해서 배수지의 상태를 예측하여 취수계획을 결정해야 한다. 한편, 정수장 시설을 운영하기 위해서는 전력이 소모되며, 산업전력 단가는 시간대별 변동폭이 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 정수장의 효율적인 운영을 위해서는 용수의 수요예측과 배수지 수위변동, 취수 및 정수설비의 규모 등을 고려하는 동시에, 전력 단가가 낮은 시간대에 설비를 집중적으로 운영할 수 있는 계획을 수립해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 선형계획법(Linear Programming, LP)을 이용하여, 수요예측을 바탕으로 장기취수계획을 수립하기 위한 방안을 세 가지로 구분하였으며, 각각의 장단점을 다음과 같이 예상하였다. 1) 24시간 간격으로 시간당 취수계획을 수립하는 최적화 방안, 2) 24시간의 시간당 취수계획을 1시간 간격으로 수립하는 실시간 최적화 방안, 3) 전체 모의기간 동안의 시간당 취수계획을 한번에 수립하는 최적화 방안. 24시간 간격 최적화는 수립 및 적용이 간단한 반면, 실시간 수요변화를 고려할 수 없어 단위시간(24시간) 후반부의 최적화 효율이 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 1시간 간격의 실시간 최적화는 수요변화를 가장 정확히 반영하는 반면, 최적화 수행 횟수가 증가하는 단점이 있다. 전체 모의기간 최적화는 장기 수요예측을 고려한 탄력적 취수계획을 수립하는 반면, 수요예측의 불확실성에 따른 오차 발생위험이 크다. 본 연구에서는 국내 H 정수장을 대상으로 각각의 최적 취수계획 수립 방안을 정수장 운영의 안정성, 탄력성, 경제성 등을 기준으로 비교, 분석하였다.

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A study on influencing factors of AT4 experiment for the assessment of biological stability of landfilled waste (매립폐기물의 호기성 안정화 평가를 위한 AT4 실험의 영향인자에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Seok-Pyo;Kim, Hyung-Wook;Lee, Nam-Hoon;Kim, Kyung;Lee, Byung-Sun
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2011
  • In this study, as a tool of evaluating biological stability of landfilled waste, influencing factors of $AT_4$ method was studied for standardizing the method. As influencing factors, initial lag time, exchanging period of $CO_2$ absorbing agent, and interval of pressure measurement were discussed, and also the relationship between content of dried food waste and $AT_4$ value were compared. Considering heterogeneity of landfilled waste and statistical error range of measurement, authors suggest that the criteria of stabilized landfill waste is $10mg\;O_2/g\;DM$ by $AT_4$ method.

Development of Exhaust Fan with an Embedded Controller for Windowless Swine Housing (무창돈사를 위한 컨트롤러 일체형 환기팬 개발)

  • Kim, Woong
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze temperature distribution characteristics using a model swine housing for temperature sensor adjustable positioning and developed a sensor and controller embedded exhaust fans utilizing ICT fusion technology for windowless swine housing. Temperature measured by the sensor attached on the exhaust fan was also determined that there is no problem, the temperature is located in the upper fan given the measured errors shown in the 1℃ temperature difference between the lower temperature than the other positions in the model swine housing. The performance of the exhaust fan at maximum output was found to be 1920rpm, air flow rate 125㎥/min. When the open area ratio of 70% one proper air volume of the exhaust fan was found to be 75㎥/min, 60pa. Maximum efficiency in all of the output of the exhaust fan is exhibited at about 70% open area ratio of the damper. The number of revolution of the exhaust fan was 1920rpm when the output was a maximum of 100%. AC output phase of the pulse duty ratio change of the controller was shown to change without delay. It was determined that the instant fan speed control is possible.

Design of Navigation Filter to Improve Tracking Performance in Radar with a Moving Platform (기동 플랫폼 탑재 레이다 추적 성능 향상을 위한 항법 필터 설계)

  • Hyeong-Jun Cho;Hyun-Wook Moon;Ji-Hoon An;Sung-Hwan Sohn
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 2024
  • As the radar mounted on a moving platform moves and rotates, the state of the radar's coordinate system also changes. At this time, in order to track target, the target's coordinates should be converted using the platform state measured from the sensor, and tracking performance may deteriorate due to causes such as sensor noise, communication delay, and sensor update cycle. In this paper, to minimize the degradation of tracking performance because of sensor error, we designed a navigation filter to estimate the state of the moving platform and analyzed the effect of improving tracking performance by applying the navigation filter through a simulation test. To design this navigation filter, three filter algorithms were applied and analyzed to confirm the effect of improving platform position and attitude performance for each filter, and the navigation filter designed by applying the highest performance filter algorithm was applied to a tracking simulation test. Finally we confirmed Improvement in tracking performance before and after applying navigation filters.

A Study on Transporter Trajectory Prediction in Industrial Environments (산업 현장에서의 트랜스포터 경로 예측에 관한 연구)

  • Ji Yeon Kim;Ki-Hwan Kim;Young-Jin Kang;Jeong, Seok Chan
    • The Journal of Bigdata
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2023
  • Despite policy and institutional changes to prevent accidents in the workplace, industrial accidents continue to occur. Accidents related to safety at industrial sites are complex tasks that involve considering various variables, and research to address and minimize these accidents is ongoing. In this paper, we studied the trajectory prediction of transporters used in industrial areas. In a transporter work environment measuring 3.4km by 2.3km, the coordinates of transporters were learned through PECNet, resulting in an average error of ADE 1.27m and FDE 1.13m. This research will contribute to preventing and avoiding accidents by predicting not only the path of transporters but also the paths of mobile vehicles and pedestrians in various fields.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rest T1-201/Stress Tc-99m-MIBI Myocardial SPECT in the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease (휴식 T1-201/부하 Tc-99m MIBI 심근 SPECT의 관상동맥질환 진단 정확성)

  • Yeo, Jeong-Seok;Lee, Dong-Soo;Kang, Keon-Wook;Sohn, Dae-Won;Oh, Byung-Hee;Lee, Myung-Mook;Chung, June-Key;Park, Young-Bae;Lee, Myung-Chul;Seo, Jung-Don;Lee, Young-Woo;Koh, Chang-Soon
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.112-117
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    • 1996
  • Objective: Standard stress/rest Tc-99m MIBI and T1-201 myocardial perfusion study have some limitations such as stress/rest image overlap for Tc-99m-MIBI, low energy for T1-201 and long period of study time for two separate studies. Separate acquisition rest T1-201/stress Tc-99m MIBI dual isotope study is a potentially efficient myocardial perfusion imaging protocol that combines the high resolution of Tc-99m for stress perfusion assessment and T1-201 for viability assessment. This study assessed the usefulness and diagnostic accuracy for this new approach. Methods: We tried to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of dual isotope separate acquisition protocol in 67 patients. Immediately after resting T1-201 SPECT data was acquired, dipyridamole stress Tc-99m MIBI myocardial perfusion study was performed. Visual analysis was carried out qualitatively with 0 to 3 scoring system for 17 segments of left ventricle in the reconstructed horizontal long axis and short axis slices. Results: Total study was completed within 3 hours. In angiographic correlation, dual isotope SPECT demonstrated high sensitivity(85%) and in a small group of patients, high specificity was also observed (100%). Conclusion: Combined thallium-201/stress Tc-99m MIBI SPECT displayed similiar diagnostic accuracy to protocol using stress/rest Tc-99m MIBI SPECT. This protocol was completed in shorter period than the previous protocols and therefore enhance laboratory throughput and patients convenience.

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The Effect of Stage of Maturity on the Composition and Feeding Value of Silage (생육시기가 Silage의 사용가치에 미치는 영향)

  • 신정남;윤익석
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.41-60
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    • 1983
  • Experiments were conducted to study the effect of stage of maturity at harvest on the quality of silage. Herbage samples taken from the barley plant, rye plant, wheat plant, oat plant, Orchardgrass, Italian ryegrass, a mixed grass sward of Orchardgrass and Italian ryegrass and corn plant at different stages of maturity and ensiled in order to evaluate the effect of maturity on the chemical composition and feeding value as well as digestibility using sheep. Forage material were ensiled in small concrete silo. 1. The dry matter yield per 10a increased with advancing the maturity. Yield of brarley plant was 404, 635 and 900 kg at heading, milk and milk dough stage, respectively. Rye plant yield was 279, 589, 708, 10,000, 1,265, 1,376 and 1,492 kg at booting, before heading, early heading, late heading, early flowering, late flowering and after flowering stage, respectively. Italian ryegrass yield was 355, 613, 844 and 1,109 kg at vegetative, booting, heading and flowering, respectively. Orchardgrass/Italian ryegrass production was 477, 696, 891 and 1,027 kg at before was 458, 1,252, 1,534, 1,986 and 2,053 kg at tassel, early milk, yellow ripe and ripe stage, respectively. 2. Dry matter content increased with advancing maturity, but crude protein declined markedly. The NFE content decreased with advancing maturity of all the herbages except corn plant where NFE content increased, but corn plant increased. The content of crude fiber increased with advancing maturity except corn plant. The content of crude ash decreased with advancing maturity. In the rye plant, the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose increased with advancing maturity. 3. In vitro dry matter digestibilities of the rye plant was 53.6, 54.1, 50.7, 47.1, 44.9, 40.1 and 38.9% booting, before hcading, early heading, late heading, early flowering, late flowering and after flowering stage, respectively. The regression equation was $Y=56.22-0.74X+0.009X^2$ (X=cutting date from the first cut, Y=dry matter digestibilities). 4. In vitro digestible dry matter yield (kg/10a) of rye plant increased with advancing maturity, but declined from the flowering stage. The regression equation was $Y=168.88+26.09X-0.41X^2$ (X=cutting date from the first cut). 5. In vitro digestibility of dry matter in the corn plant was 69.2, 71.5, 69.8 and 69.9% at tassel, early milk, milk and yellow ripe stage, respectively. 6. The digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber of all plants decreased with advancing matuity, but NFE of the barley and corn generally increased. 7. The TDN contents on the dry matter basis decreased, but those of barley and corn silage were not different. TDN content of barley was 57.8, 57.1 and 57.9% at heading, milk and milk dough stage, respectively. That of rye silage was 50.0, 27.2 and 43.7% at early flowering, after flowering and milk stage, respectively. Italian ryegrass silage was 67.9, 63.7, and 54.9% at before heading, early heading and after heading, respectively. In case of Orchardgrass silage the TDN was 54.8, 52.9 and 46.1% at after heading, after flowering and milk, respectively. Corn shows TDN value of 59.5, 62.8 and 61.6% at milk, yellow ripe and ripe, respectively. 8. The pH value increased slightly by advancing maturity. 9. the content of organic acid decreased by advancing maturity and also increasing the DM content.

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Implementation of a Predictor for Cell Phase Monitoring at the OLT in the ATM-PON (ATM-PON의 OLT에서 상향 셀 위상감시를 위한 예측기의 구현)

  • Mun, Sang-Cheol;Chung, Hae;Kim, Woon-Ha
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.27 no.2C
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    • pp.160-169
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    • 2002
  • An ATM-PON (Passive Optical Network) system consists of an OLT (Optical Line Termination), multiple ONUs (Optical Network Units) and the optical fiber which has a PON (Passive Optical Network)configuration with a passive optical splitter. To avoid cell collisions on the upstream transmission, an elaborate procedure called as ranging is needed when a new ONU is installed. The ONU can send upstream cells according to the grant provided by the OLT after the procedure. To prevent collisions being generated by the variation of several factors, OLT must performs continuously the cell phase monitoring. It means that the OLT predicts the expected arrival time, monitors the actual arrival time for all upstream cells and calculates the error between the times. Accordingly, TC (Transmission Convergence) chip in the OLT needs a predictor which predicts the time that the cell will arrive for the current grant. In this paper, we implement the predictor by using shift registers of which the length is equivalent to the equalized round trip delay. As each register consists of 8 bit, OLT can identify which ONU sends what type of cell (ranging cell, user cell, idle cell, and mini-slot). Also, TC chip is designed to calculate the effective bandwidth for all ONUs by using the function of predictor. With the time simulation and the measurement of an implemented optical board, we verify the operation of the predictor.