• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2009

Purpose: There are few studies evaluating the usefulness of dedicated high-resolution scintimammography and no studies using delayed washout with this dedicated high resolution scintimammography for the evaluation of breast lesions. We underwent this study to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Tc-99m MIBI in evaluating patients with palpable breast lesions using dedicated high-resolution scintimammography. Materials and Methods: This study included 19 patients with 23 palpable breast lesions who underwent mammography. Tc-99m MIBI was taken to further characterize these lesions. Scintimammography images were acquired with standard craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views and delayed images were additionally taken. Final conclusions were based on histopathology, either by biopsy or mastectomy results. Results: Eighteen lesions were malignant and five were benign. Mammography was indeterminate for thirteen lesions, nine of those were malignant. Mammography also categorized one lesion as benign in a dense breast, but scintimammography and pathology results showed malignancy. Of the five benign lesions, two were visible on scintimammography, but delayed images showed washout. Conclusion: Based on our preliminary results, dedicated high resolution scintimammography seems to be very useful in characterizing palpable lesions that were indeterminate or negative on mammography.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2017

${\beta}$-ureidopropionase deficiency (${\beta}$-UPD; OMIM # 613161) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of pyrimidine metabolism caused by mutations in the UPB1 gene and approximately 30 cases have been reported in the world. The clinical features of patients with ${\beta}$-UPD have been reported to vary from asymptomatic to severe developmental delays. However, the long-term clinical courses of patients with ${\beta}$-UPD have not yet been reported. A Korean girl was diagnosed with ${\beta}$-UPD at the age of 8 years and 10 months by targeted next-generation sequencing which was subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing. She had many clinical features such as poor oral feeding, failure to thrive, global developmental delay, microcephaly, frequent infection, and intractable epilepsy. She died suddenly of an unknown cause at the age of 11 years and 5 months. Here we report the long-term (i.e. lifelong) clinical aspects of a Korean patient with ${\beta}$-UPD.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2008

Purpose: Although automatic quantification software of myocardial perfusion SPECT provides highly objective and reproducible quantitative measurements, there is still some limitation in the direct use of quantitative measurements. In this study we derived parameters using normal variation of perfusion measurements, and tried to test the usefulness of these parameters. Materials and Methods: In order to calculate normal variation of perfusion measurements on myocardial perfusion SPECT, 55 patients (M:F = 28:27) of low-likelihood for coronary artery disease were enrolled and $^{201}TI$ rest/$^{99m}Tc$-MIBI stress SPECT studies were performed. Using 20-segment model, mean (m) and standard deviation (SD) of perfusion were calculated in each segment. As a myocardial viability assessment group, another 48 patients with known coronary artery disease, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were enrolled. $^{201}TI$ rest/$^{99m}Tc$-MIBI stress / $^{201}TI$ 24-hr delayed SPECT was performed before CABG and SPECT was followed up 3 months after CABG. From the preoperative 24-hr delayed SPECT, $Q_{delay}$ (perfusion measurement), ${\Delta}_{delay}$ ($Q_{delay}$ - m) and $Z_{delay}$ (($Q_{delay}$ - m)/SD) were defined and diagnostic performances of them for myocardial viability were evaluated using area under curve (AUC) on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Segmental perfusion measurements showed considerable normal variations among segments. In men, the lowest segmental perfusion measurement was $51.8{\pm}6.5$ and the highest segmental perfusion was $87.0{\pm}5.9$, and they are $58.7{\pm}8.1$ and $87.3{\pm}6.0$, respectively in women. In the viability assessment $Q_{delay}$ showed AUC of 0.633, while those for ${\Delta}_{delay}$ and $Z_{delay}$ were 0.735 and 0.716, respectively. The AUCs of ${\Delta}_{delay}$ and $Z_{delay}$ were significantly higher than that of $Q_{delay}$ (p = 0.001 and 0.018, respectively). The diagnostic performance of ${\Delta}_{delay}$, which showed highest AUC, was 85% of sensitivity and 53% of specificity at the optimal cutoff of -24.7. Conclusion: On automatic quantification of myocardial perfusion SPECT, the normal variation of perfusion measurements were considerable among segments. In the viability assessment, the parameters considering normal variation showed better diagnostic performance than the direct perfusion measurement. This study suggests that consideration of normal variation is important in the analysis of measurements on quantitative myocardial perfusion SPECT.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2015

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is one of the more common skeletal dysplasias. MED is characterized by joint pain and stiffness, a waddling gait, and/or mild short stature in childhood. Radiographic findings include delayed and irregular ossification of the epiphyses in multiple joints. Mutations in at least six different genes (COMP, MATN3, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, and DTDST) can cause MED, and it can be either dominant or recessive inheritance. Molecular diagnosis is important for accurate prognosis and genetic counselling. COMP mutation is the most common form of MED in Western. But, MATN3 mutation was reported as the most common type of MED in Korea. Here, we describe a boy who was diagnosed as MED by clinical and radiological features. Hip radiograph of the patient was suggested MATN3 mutation. But knee radiograph was suggested COMP mutation. MATN3 and COMP mutations direct sequencing, but were no mutation. So we tested whole exome sequencing, but significant variant was not detected as known MED six genes mutations. The patient was diagnosed as having MED clinically and radiologically. Further study to identify the other responsible genes for MED is needed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

This study was conducted to clarify effects on the germination, survival rate of seedlings, growth and variation induction of variants in gamma rays irradiated seed of lilac pink (Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus) and nursery spiraea (Caryopteris incana). Seed germination and its germination rate were delayed over 90 Gy for lilac pink and 80 Gy for nursery psiraea. Fifty percent lethal time (LT50) level for lilac pink and nursery psiraea were 150 Gy and 100 Gy, respectively. Lilac pink and nursery psiraea were grown dwarf over 120 Gy treatment. We have produced 17 variants of lilac pink in $M_1$ generation, and selected the promising 4 variants in $M_2$ generation. We have also made 7 variants of nursery psiraea in $M_1$ generation, and selected the favorable 8 variants in $M_2$ generation.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1994

This paper describes scheduling algorithms of the UNIX operating system and shows an analytical approach to approximate the average conditional response time for a process in the UNIX operating system. The average conditional response time is the average time between the submittal of a process requiring a certain amount of the CPU time and the completion of the process. The process scheduling algorithms in thr UNIX system are based on the priority service disciplines. That is, the behavior of a process is governed by the UNIX process schuduling algorithms that (ⅰ) the time-shared computer usage is obtained by allotting each request a quantum until it completes its required CPU time, (ⅱ) the nonpreemptive switching in system mode and the preemptive switching in user mode are applied to determine the quantum, (ⅲ) the first-come-first-serve discipline is applied within the same priority level, and (ⅳ) after completing an allotted quantum the process is placed at the end of either the runnable queue corresponding to its priority or the disk queue where it sleeps. These process scheduling algorithms create the round-robin effect in user mode. Using the round-robin effect and the preemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in user mode. Using the nonpreemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in system mode. We also consider a process delay due to the disk input and output operations. The average conditional response time is then obtained by approximating the total process delay. The results show an excellent response time for the processes requiring system time at the expense of the processes requiring user time.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.59-65
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• 2013

Conventional synchronous design circuits cannot only satisfy the timing requirement of the low voltage digital systems, but also they may generate wrong outputs under the influence of PVT variations and aging effects. Therefore, in this paper, a NCL (Null Convention Logic) design as an asynchronous design method has been proposed, where the NCL method doesn't require any timing analysis, and it has a very simple design methodology. Base on the NCL method, a new low power reliable ALU has been designed and implemented using MagnaChip-SKhynix 0.18um CMOS technology. The experimental results of the proposed NCL ALU have been compared to those of a conventional pipelined ALU in terms of power consumption and speed.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 1989

야외 조건에서 생장한 한국산 들잔디(Zoysia japonica Steud)의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 지하경의 관부와 절간에 있어서 질산환원효소 활성도(NRA)와 전분분해효소의 활성도(AA)를 측정하였다. 각 기관에서의 효소 활성도는 4월 중순부터 증가하여 6월의 개화기때 최대값에 도달하였다. 그후 효소 활성도는 급격히 감소하여 겨울철에는 최소에 이르렀다. 이 결과는 잔디의 각 기관에서 NR과 Amylase는 계절적 활성변이를 가진다는 것을 제안한다. NR과 Amylase가 낮은 활성도를 가지는 1986년 7월 31일에 6cm의 높이에서 잔디의 지상부를 예초(cuting)한 결과, 모든 기관에서의 AA와 잎, 줄기에서의 NRA는 2일간의 지연기 후에 급격히 증가하여 7일째에 최대에 이르렀다. 이 값은 대조구의 효소 활성도 보다 약 3배 높았고, 계절적 변이에서의 최대 활성도의 약 90%에 도달하였다. 예초된 잎에서의 조단백질(CP)의 함량은 예초후 7일째 까지 증가하였으나, 건물생산량(DM)과 총가용성 탄수화물(TSC) 함량은 예초후 4,5일 동안 감소하다가 다시 증가하여 7일째에 예초전의 수준에 도달한 후 일정한 값을 유지하였다. 또한 각 기관에서의 NRA와 AA는 예초후 8일째에 정상 수준으로 급감하였다. 이 결과는 완전히 자란 잔디 자체는 NR과 Amylase의 활성에 대한 억제제로서 작용하며, cutting과 같은 외부 성처요인이 개체 수준에서 적용되었을때 손상된 물질을 회복하기 위하여 분자 수준에서 수준에서 효소가 활성화 된다는 것을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.5
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• pp.1246-1249
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• 2020

Tubulinopathy commonly refers to complex congenital and non-progressive brain malformations caused by mutations in the tubulin genes. Among tubulin-encoding genes, TUBB3 has rarely been reported as a cause of complex cortical malformations. Herein, we report a case of tubulinopathy in a 21-month-old boy who presented with delayed development. He could not walk on his own and was not able to speak more than five words. Physical examination revealed right esotropia and hypotonia of the lower extremities. MRI showed dysmorphic brainstem and dysmorphic and hypertrophic basal ganglia. The right thalamus was relatively smaller than the left one. The cerebellum showed disorganization of the cerebellar folia. DNA sequencing revealed a missense mutation of the TUBB3 gene.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.9A
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• pp.684-693
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• 2003

This paper analyzes transmissiondelays of a message and a packet in a time-varying and packet-based radio link. The paper assumes that thearrivals of messages have a Bernoulli process and the lengths of the messages a exponential distribution. To reflect the feature of the time-varying radio link, we use a two-state Markov model. From the model the mean transmission delay of and the mean queue length of the packet are analyzed in terms of the packet distribution function, the packet transmission service time, and the PER of the radio link. And the mean message transmission delay time and the mean queue length are derived using the performance indices of the packet. Numerical results show that the message arrival rate and the message length have some bounds to keep the transmission of the message steady and to improve the performance indices of the message. It can be known that the PER of the state influences on the performance indices more than the sojourn time of the state.