• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2018

The skin of the human body occupies the largest surface area of the body and acts as a protection for the person's internal organs. As such, the skin is a major target of oxidative stressors, and these oxidative stressors are known to contribute to skin aging over the course of time. For the most part, an antioxidant is an effective approach to utilize to prevent symptoms related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced aging of the skin. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-aging activity of the leaves of the Quercusaliena Blume extract (QBE). In our study, we confirmed that the cell viability tested with XTT {2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide innersalt} assay was not affected up to a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the cell viability of HDF cells induced by hydrogen peroxide was recovered from 81% to 104% after treatment with QBE, which showed the greater protective effect than that of ascorbic acid. Treatments of QBE dose-dependently inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HDF cells induced by hydrogen peroxide, which correlated with their protective effects on cell viability. Since QBE treatment exhibited the suppression effect of skin aging by decreasing the ROS production, QBE could be used as a not only natural anti-aging but also antioxidant resource.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.211-239
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• 2013

In 2012, the Korean government has hosted the AFoCO Secretariat in Seoul. The AFoCO Secretariat is established by Agreement between the Governments of the Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Republic of Korea on Forest Cooperation (AFoCO Agreement) which is initiated by the Korea. The Korea government, however, does not have any laws and regulations to regulate the matter of legal status and legal personality of nationally hosted international organizations including the AFoCO Secretariat. Therefore, the legal status and legal personality of AFoCO Secretariat in international and domestic arena are still not clear. To articulate such issues and to propose some answers, this article analyzes the international and domestic legal theory and practice about the status and legal personality of public international organizations. As a result, it is common in the literature to delimit international organizations by some standards. One characteristic is that international organizations are usually created between states. A second characteristic is that they are established by means of a treaty. And as a third characteristic, international organizations must possess at least one organ which has a will distinct from the will of its members. According to those criteria, the AFoCO Secretariat can be categorized as a public international organization. It means that the AFoCO enjoys certain privileges and immunities as a public international organization and must confer legal capacity in Korea even there is no domestic laws and regulations conferred the status and legal personality to it. It, however, will be a better way to confer domestic legal personality on the AFoCO Secretariat through a domestic act like an "Act on the Assistance of International Organization Attraction". This act will stipulate the legal status of international organization in Korea including the privileges and immunities as well as the matter of assistance of hosting international organizations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.593-601
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• 2017

With the rapid industrial development and national economic advance since 1970, the national income of Korea has sharply increased. As a result, issues regarding city expansion, urban concentration, increase in the number of registered motor vehicles, and increase in traffic have caused transportation issues such as traffic congestion and problems with parking. Especially, enforcement ordinances and rules have been established on installation and management of parking lots to solve problems with parking which are raised as social problems such as conflict with neighbors but the flexible calculation of legal parking space has the limitations because of the diversity and complex functionality of purposes of facilities. Accordingly, this study attempted to supplement such demerit of the parking space demand forecast method based on the legally required number of parking spaces and average unit requirement in the parking space supply. This study estimated the required number of parking spaces by analyzing existing literature, collecting field research data, and analyzing the factors that have an impact on the parking demand. Also, it compared the required number of parking spaces based on the average unit requirement as well as the required number of parking spaces by the forecast model based on the cumulative number of motor vehicles parked. The result was that the required number of parking space based on average unit requirement was less than the cumulative number of motor vehicles parked by 9.99%. Meanwhile, the required number of parking spaces by the forecast model was more than the cumulative number of motor vehicles parked by 4.37%. Therefore, it is believed that the parking space forecast model is more efficient than the others in estimating there quired parking space. The parking space forecast model of this study consider different environmental factors to enable practical parking demand forecast considering the local characteristics and thus supply the parking space in an efficient way.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1999

A survey on the intestinal atresias was made among 34 members of Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The response rate was 82.4 %. Two hundred and fifteen patients from the January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1996 were analyzed. The lesions were 73 cases of duodenum(DA), 72 cases of jejunum(JA), 71 cases ileum(IA) and 2 cases cecum and sigmoid colon respectively. There were 2 cases of combined anomalies (DA + JA + IA and DA + JA). Male to female ratio was 1:1 in DA, and 1.8:1 in JA. Seventy four cases(34.3 %) were premature babies(DA 35.2 %, JA:48.6 %, IA:19.2 %), and 62 cases(28.7 %) had low birth weight (DA:39.4 %, JA 33.0 %, IA:13.7 %). Antenatal diagnosis was made in 92 cases(43.6 %). However 22 cases (23.9 %) of them were transferred to pediatric surgeon after delivery. Maternal polyhydramnios was observed in 63 cases(28.9 %). Seventy· five cases(34.4 %) were taken only simple abdominal film for diagnostic studies. The associated malformations were observed in 54 aresia and were observed more frequently in DA(35 cases, 47.9 %). Meconium peritonitis due to intrauterine bowel perforation was more frequently associated with IA compared to DA and JA. The overall mortality rate was 30 %. (Abbreuations: $P_{T}$;p-value in total, $P_{DJ,DI,JI}$;p value between two groups among duodenal, jejunal and ileal groups).

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.959-965
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• 2016

In 1994, a new cultivar 'Joyskin' was created from a cross between the cultivars 'Whangkeumbae' and 'Waseaka' at the Pear Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration. In 2006, the 'Joyskin' was selected from among the 317 seedlings resulting from the cross for its skin and taste qualities. Regional adaptation tests were conducted in nine regions and in ten experimental plots from 2006 to 2011. The cultivar was named in 2011. 'Joyskin' showed a vigorous growth habit and semi-spread characteristics similar to 'Whangkeumbae'. The average full bloom date for 'Joyskin' was April 21st, which was also similar to 'Whangkeumbae'. The optimum fruit ripening time was September 6-8th, which was six or eight days earlier than 'Whangkeumbae'. The fruit was round in shape and the skin was a golden yellow color at maturity. The average fruit weight was 320 g and the flesh firmness was $2.5kg/8mm{\varphi}$. The firmness of the fruit skin determined by a blade-type plunger of texture analyzer was 22.9 N, which was significantly different from that of 'Whangkeumbae' 29.9N. Stone cell analysis of 'Joyskin' by phloroglucinol-HCl, showed that 'Joyskin' stone cells were small in size and few in numbers cpmpared to those of cultivars of was 'Manpungbae', 'Niitaka', and 'Whangkeumbae'. The patent application for 'Joyskin' was submitted in April, 2012 (Grant No. 2012-337). In 2016, 'Joyskin' (Grant No. 5895) was registered as a separate record, with uniformity and stability per Korean Seed Industry Law.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of general and occupational characteristics musculoskeletal symptoms in Radiological Technologist who working in present department more than 1 year. Standardized questionnaire of NIOSH and organized questionnaire for 재rk-related musculoskeletal was to 72Radiological Technologist, employed in 6general hospital in Seoul in September, 2003. The symptom prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms were neck ($33.3\%$), shoulder ($33.3\%$), arm($12.5\%$), hand($13.9\%$), spine($34.7\%$)leg/knee/foot ($31.9\%$), arm/wrist/hand ($16.5\%$).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.79-89
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aims to identify health status and health risks among female marriage immigrants to Korea and to provide a basis for public health strategies to address their health issues. Methods: The participants of the study were 3,069 immigrant wives. The health examination was conducted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP) in 2008. The participants also completed self-administered questionnaires on demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and mental health. Results: Patterns of immigrant women's health problems differed by age and country of origin. Behavior patterns also differed by their heritage, age, and years of residence in Korea. Generally Vietnamese women fell in lower ranges of disease prevalence and health risk factors in the participant group and Japanese women presented most healthy eating habits. Filipina women showed relatively high disease prevalence than any other group. Conclusion: Immigration to Korea by marriage is relatively a new phenomenon, thus continuing surveillance and research are needed to identify health risks, behavior patterns, and their relationships. Interventions and policies for the health of migrant wives, their children and families are required.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.2 s.61
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• pp.323-334
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• 1998

To investigate determinants of health care utilization of the physically disabled over 20 years old in age living in Taegu city, a self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for 337 disabled persons with chronic illness from April to July, 1997. Health care utilization .ate was 81.9%(69.1% for hospital or clinic and 12.8% for pharmacy). Marital status, job, health concern, and response to illness showed statistically significant relationship with health care utilization(p<0.05). By path analysis, job, economic status, medical security type and response to illness had a significant direct effect on health care utilization(p<0.05), however, health concern and regular source of care had an indirect effect. The reasons of no health utilization were due to economic problem(31.1%), no symptom(18.0%), inconvenience to seek care or no accompanying persons to be helped(14.8%), unseriousness of the severity of the illness(14.8%), too busy to be treated or no free time(8.2%), hopeless prognosis to be treated(6.6%) in order. In conclusion, it is recommended that the program for expanding medicaid, improving socioeconomic status by getting a job and health education to increase the health concern toward physically disabled should be implemented to increase health care utilization rate.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2003

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the use rate and some aspect of complementary therapies used by patients with chronic illness(hypertension, diabetic mellitus and chronic arthritis). Methods: 600 patients visiting the health center for one month(Jan. 2001) were interviewed on their complementary therapies used by the subjects for the previous year. Results: About fourteen-eight percent of the respondents used therapies; 35% of patients with hypertension, 44.6% of patients with diabetic mellitus and 62.9% of patients with chronic arthritis, which shows the highest rate among patients with three chronic disease. The use rate of complementary therapies indicates few meaningful differences according to the general characteristics of the interviewees. Hypertension patients used herb medication(31.0%) acupuncture(29.6%) and most of all the other therapies. Diabetic patients used dietary therapy(57.5%) and herb medication(35.1%). Chronic arthritis patients used acupuncture(85%) and herb medication(34.7%). 36.8% of all the patients who used complementary therapies tried more than two therapies. 18.3% of hypertension patients, 24.1% of diabetic patients and 55.9% of chronic arthritis patients used more than two therapies. Acupuncture(47%) was used most frequently, followed by herb medications(26.3%), health assistance utensils(21.8%). oriental therapy(21.8%), physical therapy(9.5%), health assistance food(8.4%), herb(7.7%), Korea hand acupuncture(3.2%), abdomen respiration(1.1%), and pore therapy(0.7%) Oriental clinic was visited most frequently(42.8%), which was used to cure diseases(61.8%), and to relieve symptoms(26.0%). (p<0.001) The cost spent on complementary therapies last year was 90,000 won(40.3%) and there are some cases of more than 500,000 won(31.2%). Most of the patients(56.1%) were satisfied with the complementary therapies, with 6% of them having side effects. 74% of the patients used complementary therapies answered that they would continue them and 56.1% of them also answered that they would continue them and 56.1% of them also answered that they would advise other patients to do them. Advantages(compared with those of orthodox medical treatment) are psychological comfort(28.1%), body protection(26.0%), effectiveness(20.0%). 34% of the patients using complementary therapies wanted to have informational orientation on complementary therapies. These findings reveal that a considerable number of patients with chronic illness(47.5%) tried a variety of complementary therapies. Though 6% of the patients using therapies had side effects, most of the subjects seemed satisfied with them and they are supposed to continue them. Conclusions: In conclusion, health center personnels and medical doctors should pay more attention to the complementary therapies used by patients with chronic illness. They also have to try their best to advise more scientific and informative complementary programs with less side effects and more help to improve their conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1998

The objective was to know if seed potato farmers in Kangwon alpine area control weeds effectively and use herbicides properly to control weeds. Seed potato farmers in Pyongcbang, Hoengsong, and Kangnung have noxious weeds, such as marsh pepper, lambsquarters, barnyard grass, mugwort, asiatic dayflower, hairy carbgrass, ladysthumb, common chickweed, field horsetail, and common purslain, in their farmyard. These are controlled by a combination of physical and chemical weed control methods. However, several weeds such as marsh pepper, field horsetail and, mugwort are poorly controlled by 2-fold amount of several herbicides, including paraquat, pendimethalin, and metribuzin (58% of the answered). Herbicides are not selected and used in a proper manner by seed potato farmers: most of farmers selected herbicides by their experience (51% of the answered) and dealers recommendation (34% of the answered), while only a few farmers of the answered took advantage of the Farmers Handbook for Herbicide Application. In addition, the selected herbicides, including non-registered ones such as paraquat and fluazifop-butyl, are applying three to five years in a succession. With these improper selection and usage of herbicides, sixty-seven percent of the answered farmers have experienced crop damage and seventy-five percent have poisoning. We conclude that a systemic educational program for the proper selection and use of herbicides is needed for seed potato farmers in Kangwon alpine area.