• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a new method for displaying colored defects by measuring the relative density with the wide-area and local densities of X-ray. The relative density of one pixel represents a relative difference from the surrounding pixels, and we also suggest a colorization of X-ray images representing these pixels as normal and defective. The traditional method mainly inspects materials such as plastics and metals, which have large differences in transmittance to the object. Our proposed method can be used to detect defects such as sprouts or holes in images obtained by an inspection machine that detects X-rays. In the experiment, the products that could not be seen with the naked eye were colored with pests or sprouts in a specific color so that they could be used in the agricultural product selection system. Products that are uniformly filled with a single ingredient inside, such as potatoes, carrots, and apples, can be detected effectively. However, it does not work well with bumpy products, such as peppers and paprika. The advantage of this method is that, unlike machine learning, it doesn't require large amounts of data. The proposed method could be applied to a screening system using X-rays and used not only in agricultural product screening systems but also in manufacturing processes such as processed food and parts manufacturing, so that it can be actively used to select defective products.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2024

Erwinia amylovora, a causal pathogen of fire blight, has been continuously inducing damage to the apple and pear trees in South Korea since 2015. Farmers apply antibiotics during blooming season to prevent the fire blight. However, continuous use of antibiotics can induce the emergence of resistant bacteria, which consequently reduces control efficacy. In this study, we assessed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of streptomycin, using a total of 361 E. amylovora isolates that were collected from the six provinces of South Korea from 2019 to 2023. As a result, the MIC of streptomycin ranged from 0.5 to 4 ㎍/ml and the strA-strB genes were not identified from the isolates. The MIC was higher in the isolates from Gyeonggi-do, Gangwondo, and Chungcheongbuk-do compared to those from other three provinces. These results may bring broad attention to the use of streptomycin and aid in developing a management protocol for the occurrence of fire blight in South Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2020

우리나라는 농산물시장개방이후 휴경면적의 증가, 농지전용, 도시화의 가속화, 시설작물 재배면적 변화 영향에 의한 논과 밭의 이용 패턴변화 등으로 농촌지역의 토지이용구조가 변화되어 왔다. 이는 곧 국내 토지이용패턴의 변화로 연결되고, 농업구조의 변화는 농촌경관, 농업용수 이용, 농촌지역 비점오염 물질 발생패턴의 변화를 야기할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 금강권역을 연구지역으로 하여, 농업지역의 토지이용변화 중 논 내 시설작물 재배면적 변화에 주안점을 두고 토지이용변화 예측모형인 CLUE-s(Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) 모형을 이용하여 미래 농업지역의 토지이용변화를 예측하고자 하였다. CLUE-s 모형의 입력 자료로 국가수자원관리종합시스템(WAMIS)의 1980~2010년까지 5년 간격 토지이용 통계자료 및 환경부 2008, 2013년 중분류 토지이용 자료에서 금강유역을 추출하여 구축하였다. 모형의 입력자료를 위해 토지이용 항목을 총 7개(수역, 시가지, 논, 밭, 시설재배지, 산림, 초지)로 분류하고 특별토지이용 정책 자료로 농업진흥구역도 및 국토환경성 평가도를 이용하였다. 관측자료의 경향을 이용하여 환경부 중분류 토지이용 변화를 기준으로 농업지역(논, 밭, 시설재배) 변화에 대한 회귀식을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 농업지역 변화에 따른 수문 및 수질의 영향을 파악하고 미래 토지이용 변화에 따른 농촌지역 비점오염 물질 발생패턴 등을 분석하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.129-146
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• 2010

This study will analyze the economic impact on villages adjacent to recreational areas in natural forests with the goal of creating a forest development plan. The area of study has been limited to the National Natural Recreation Forest and the twelve adjacent villages around the area. The collected data used a SPSS. 12.0 frequency and cross, t-test and ANOVA analysis was performed. To questions regarding increase in income and employment due to recreational areas in natural forests, there were some in all three areas that responded that it did not contribute to increases in income or employment. In all areas, there were respondents who think that these recreational areas do not help increase awareness of their nearby towns. Facilities, in order from most used to least used were tourist sites, lodgings and then food and meals. The level of satisfaction of customers in all areas was low with reasons being low quality of goods, not knowing the village(s) well, a lack of specialty items, and poor roads. In conclusion, this study presents a development plan based on the derived research results.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

Among many factors, especially meteorological conditions can impact agricultural productivities. This study was conducted to analyze the relationships between crop yield and meteorological factors. We collected meteorological data (i.e., temperature and precipitation) from the Automated Weather System (AWS) of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the yield data of Chinese cabbage and Radish from local Nonghyup (NCAF:National Agricultural Cooperative Federation) and Farmers' Corporate Association. The agricultural data were classified into two groups. These groups are comprised of the farmers who produced a crop under 30 kg per $3.3m^2$ and over 30k g per $3.3m^2$ respectively. The daily meteorological data were calculated from the average value for ten days. Based on the regression analysis, we concluded that the yield of Chinese cabbage (Haenam) was related to average temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and number of days with precipitation, whereas that of Radish (Jeju) was related to average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature. The result suggests that these meteorological data can be used more effectively for the prediction of crop yield.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.551-556
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• 2019

Recently, due to the fact that the mineral content in the wash water of the GAP-certified melon exceeds the GAP wash water standards, there are cases where the certification cannot be maintained. Therefore, agricultural industry demand requesting relaxation of the inorganic elements standard for water quality has been increasing, taking into account the consumption characteristics of Korean melon, which is eaten after removing the peel. This study was conducted to evaluate the human risks of four inorganic materials (fluorine, arsenic, iron and manganese) based on the water quality data of 142 samples of groundwater that was used for washing GAP-certified Korean melon in Seongju area from 2017 to 2019. As a result, the HQ of four minerals in Koreans who consumed groundwater used for washing GAP-certified Korean melons in the Seongju area was below 0.10 on average. In particular, in the case of iron and manganese which are esthetic influence substances, the average HQ was 0.00. The overexposure group showed 0.01, which was lower than the HQ (average 0.01, overexposure group 0.03) of the group that consumed Korean melon. Based on all the results, even if the groundwater of the Seongju area is used to wash GAP-certified Korean melon, the impact from these four inorganic materials, including iron and manganese, for Korean population consuming Korean melon will be minimal.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.397-411
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• 2009

The use of local product foods and fresh-cut products, the dietitian's recognition, the required items and the quality for school foodservice was investigated to increase the consumption of high-quality agricultural products. Data from 578 elementary schools, 228 middle schools and 116 high schools were collected by school foodservice personnels in each regional Education Administration in Gyeong-gi province. The first criteria of buying food materials was reliability/safety for all school foodservice. The second criteria were the origin of the product and freshness/ripeness for elementary and middle schools and high school, respectively. The most important consideration for selecting a supplier was the quality of the material. The appearance/status of the food was the first factor for buying food materials. The origin and the seasonality were very important for buying farm products. Dietitians in Gyeong-gi province recognized the local products, and used them weekly. The advantages of using local products were the quick supply, freshness and safety. On the other hand, the disadvantages were the lack of information and the uncertainty of supply. Sixty eight percent of the subjects had experienced the high-quality agricultural products in school meals, but the frequency was low. The main reasons for not servicing high-quality agricultural products were the high cost and the lack of trust on the quality. Among fresh-cut products, seasonings and root vegetables were purchased most frequently, but leaf vegetables was 5.7% only. The purchase of fresh-cut products was not frequent, but usually satisfied. The advantages of fresh-cut products were the reduced workload and waste, but the reason for not using them were poor hygiene and the high price. The diverse supply system and the promotion of the local product foods would be necessary since the most food materials were purchased through suppliers. In addition, the problems related to the high cost and distrust should be resolved to expand the consumption of the high-quality agricultural products and the fresh-cut vegetables. The institutions for certifying the quality should be needed to increase the confidence of these products.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.578-592
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• 2001

Based on a survey sample of farm households in three provinces of Korea, this article reports the perspectives of fuel-time farmers regarding trade liberalization, its effects on their lives, and the future of small-scale farming. While the agricultural sector is being transformed under neoliberal policies, farmers, with life or no preparation for a global market order, are forced to modernize their farming operations. The findings from the survey indicate that farmers accede to terms of global integration in principle while disapproving state rural policies in practice. The survey data also confirm that intra-regional differences in farmers'perceived satisfaction with living conditions, government farm policies, and socio-economic/labor issues. Disparities in the degree of discontent with government policies and socio-economic well-being are explicit between the relatively diversified region of Kyonggi Province and the farming-dependent regions of Chunbuk and Kyongbuk Provinces. The overall findings uphold that most farmers who have not been fully exposed to free market mechanisms are confronted by increased uncertainties and economic hardships. The findings propound that agricultural/rural policies need to reflect long-term, macroeconomic changes, and regionally/locally-based agricultural structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.662-666
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• 2007

하수처리수를 농업용 목적으로 재이용하기 위한 기술을 실제 현장에 보급하기 위해 하수처리수가 주 수원공인 양수장에 하수처리수 재처리시스템인 $\ulcorner$농업용수 재이용공급시스템$\lrcorner$을 설치하였다. 본 양수장은 1992년 준공되었으며 양수장 유입구 상류 200m지점에 하수종말처리장 방류구가 위치해 있어 직접적으로 하수처리수가 양수장에 유입되어 농경지에 관개수를 공급하고 있었다. 본 시스템을 설치하기 위해 연간 사용량을 조사하여 적정 처리유량 및 운전시간을 설계하였고 유입수 수질분석을 바탕으로 하수재이용 공급시스템을 설치하여 관개목적에 적합한 수질로 공급할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 수질 모니터링 시스템을 설치하여 공급 기간 동안 수질변동 상황에 대해 신속한 대처가 가능하도록 시스템을 구성하였다. 현재 농촌지역은 주변상황으로 인해 하수처리수를 관개용수로 이용할 수밖에 없는 지역이 발생하고 있고 앞으로도 하수처리장이 계속 증설되고 있는 한 기존의 농업수리시설물은 하수처리수의 영향이 더욱 커질 것으로 판단되므로 이러한 깨끗한 용수가 위협을 받고 있는 지역에 대해서는 안전한 농산물 생산 도모가 가능한 $\ulcorner$농업용수 재이용 공급시스템$\lrcorner$의 도입이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: This study was to carry out risk assessment of contamination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and inorganic arsenic (I-As) in agricultural products of 25 crops from the abandoned mine areas. The 36 typical investigation sites located in Gyeongbuk provincial area were selected by considering the heavy metal levels, that had been known that the amount of the heavy metals exceeded the contamination level based on the previous survey. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cadmium, lead, and total arsenic (T-As) concentrations were determined using microwave device and ICP-MS. Inorganic arsenic was determined by HPLC-ICP-MS. The limits of quantification for heavy metals were 0.59 ㎍/kg for Cd, 0.42 ㎍/kg for Pb, 0.55 ㎍/kg for T-As, and sum of As (III) (1.74 ㎍/kg) and As (V) (2.25 ㎍/kg) for I-As, respectively. The contents of Cd, Pb, and I-As (only rice) were N.D.-0.958 mg/kg, N.D.-0.227 mg/kg, and 0.082 mg/kg, respectively, in the agricultural products. For risk assessment, dietary exposures of heavy metals through usual intake were 5.20×10^-4-7.15×10⁰ ㎍/day for Cd, 7.00×10^-5-7.75×10^-1 ㎍/day for Pb, and 1.17×10¹ ㎍/day for I-As, taking 0.01-14.37%, 0.01-2.05%, and 15.16% as risk indices, respectively. CONCLUSION: It requires to consider the critical levels of heavy metals in agricultural products due to unexpectedly high levels in a few places, while concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were relatively low in most areas.