• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1993

Terrain is on of the most important factors in the selection of defense areas. The objective of the study is selection optimum defense area between Seoul and Dongducheon using GIS technique. The contents of the study are: (1) to select the defense area by pure terrain factors, (2) to select the defense area with focusing on the avenues of approach, and (3) to compare the above two kinds of area. The study area is located in the northeastern part of Seoul metropolitan area. It is part of Choogaryung Rift Valley which is running from Seoul to Wonsan. Six factors are considered for the selection: tactical distance, direction, elevation, slope, aspect and the distance from main roads. The defense score of each area is calculated by the multiplication of scores of each factors. The optimum defense area I consists of high-mountain areas such as Mt. Dobong, Mt. Wan-gbang, etc. The optimum defense area II consists of high-mountain areas along the three main roads selected. An east-west line of optimum defense area from Kuksabong in the east to Mt. Bulkuk in the west through Chookseok pass is identified from the spatial pattern of the area II. The line is also a dividing line between the northern and the southern watersheds.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.226-253
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• 2009

The study analyzes the trend of regional economic development disparity in China, sets up research period from 1952 to 2008, and uses the after-modified regional GDP data by the first national economic census in 2004. The results as follow. Firstly, the Coefficient of variation(CV) with after-modified GDP data lower than the pre-modified data. Secondly, generally speaking, after-reform and open period's disparity lower than pre-reform and open period. In particular, the regional development disparity increased slowly after 1990, not rapidly. Third, the new cycle of the inverse-U type is appeared from 2002. Fourth, compared with Herfindhal-Hirschman index(HHI) and Theil Entrophy index(TEI), the lower level regions more affect to reduce the disparity in 1980s, and it also affect to reduce the disparity after 2000. Fifth, the convergence hypothesis test finds that the regional economic development disparity has been converged in 1978-2008. Sixth, the inverse-U type hypothesis not has statistical significance, from 1952 to 2008, but it has statistical significance from 1991 to 2008. This result same as the CV and the convergence test.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.129-154
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• 2010

In Post-soviet Space, particularly the Central Asian is a great turbulence region called the 'Eurasian Balkan', where diverse factors of conflict and dispute are existed. In Central Asia, a current regional security system is characterized by various multilateral cooperation relations among Central Asian nations and the world powers, such as NATO(PfP), OSCE, CIS, CSTO, CACO, SCO, CICA and so on. But nothing could obtain superiority as pan-regional security system. Unless internal problems and conflicts of the Central Asian nations be solved, security won't be assured in this region. Narrow-minded and blind realism will spread insecure region, make a lasting trouble spot in Eurasian continent. The purpose of this article is to explore significance for international relations of security system in the Central Asia. I examine general features of regional security environment formed after the Soviet Union's collapse, characteristics of multilateral cooperation related with Central Asian nations. Through consideration current situations I suggest prospects of security system in Central Asia.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.311-324
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• 2017

This study has the purpose of geopolitical analysis on the role, function and problem of (trans) frontier park in Southern Africa. Frontier parks in Southern Africa had been used as a buffer zone between colonial empires and British colonial administration during the colonial period and as an interdiction zone of communism and black liberation movement during the apartheid regime, the cold war and the civil war. The ecological transfrontier peace parks in Southern Africa which is integrating the adjacent Frontier parks is utilized as a means of a conflict resolution and peace building after the end of cold war, civil war and apartheid regime, The ecological transfrontier peace parks in Southern Africa is very highly regarded as an effective means for a conflict resolution and peace building. But it is also being criticized for a reproduction of South Africa's politico-economic domination and of a socio-spatial division between racial groups.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2001

Genetic variation of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was analyzed by polymorphic allozymes. Field populations were subdivided by different hosts, geographical locations, and seasons. Estimated average heterozygosity ($0.443\pm$0.013) indicated high genetic variation in all field populations of S. exigua. There were significant inbreeding effects deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in each of subpopulations. These significant nonrandom matings were caused by within-subpopulations probably due to sampling errors, but not by mating isolation among subpopulations. Wrights ($F_{ST}$ ) and Neis (D) genetic distances indicated little genetic differentiation among subpopulations, though some southern local subpopulations (Haenam and Sachon) were relatively different of northern subpopulations (Andong and Kunwi). Estimated number of migrants per generation was 5.9 among host subpopulations, 10.6 among geographical subpopulations, and 31.8 among seasonal subpopulations. These genetic analyses suggest that Korean S. exigua subpopulations have little genetic differentiation mostly due to their significant migratory capacity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.472-478
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of blood lead and cadmium in urban and rural populations. Blood samples were collected from 100 urban (Busan) residents and 150 rural residents (Jinju-84, Gijang-66) from July 1 to August 30, 2007. The blood lead and cadmium levels were analyzed using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry and were compared by age, gender and smoking status. The mean levels of blood lead in urban-Busan, rural-Jinju and rural-Gijang residents were $6.38{\pm}2.86{\mu}g/dl$, $5.41{\pm}2.16{\mu}g/dl$ and $4.50{\pm}2.87{\mu}g/dl$, respectively. There was a significant difference in the level of blood lead between urban-Busan residents and rural-Gijang residents. The mean levels of blood cadmium in urban-Busan, rural-Jinju and rural-Gijang residents were $0.85{\pm}0.44{\mu}g/l$, $1.57{\pm}0.78{\mu}g/l$ and $0.95{\pm}0.54{\mu}g/l$, respectively. There was a significant difference in the level of blood cadmium between urban-Busan residents and rural-Jinju residents. This study showed that the levels of blood lead and cadmium were significantly different between urban and rural populations. The level of blood lead was highest in urban-Busan residents, but the level of blood cadmium was highest in rural-Jinju residents. Further studies are needed to define the cause of high levels of blood lead and cadmium related to area of residence and personal habits.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-89
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• 2005

In the era of knowledge-based society and glocalization the new role and mission of universities is of increasing concern to us. Studies of the successful universities suggest that there are many ways for the future development of universities, for example high qualification, specialization, and internationalization of universities etc. In this context we can also focus particularly on the regionalization of universities in terms of the university as a regional builder. This paper aims to identify the interactions between universities and regions and to explain their's contributions to the regional developments. The result of analysis shows that the university-region interaction is a win-win strategy both for university and for region in the rapid changing social-economic, administrative and educational environments, and more systematic and stepwise approaches are required to ensure a mutually beneficial collaboration.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

Traditional cultural resources in the region have unique cultural characteristics and are highly likely to be differentiated content resources. Therefore, when local cultural resources are developed as content, they can be given a role as a brand symbolizing the region together with economic value creation. In this paper, we propose a method to utilize traditional cultural resources in Jeonnam region as content material and to strengthen the connection with 'Namdo Renaissance' project contents in Jeonnam province. We propose seven regions as a region with content relevance for inter-regional collaboration through resource elements and analysis of Jeonnam cities and counties. We suggest "Story SarangBang" so that we can uncover and systematize stories with symbolic character by region. The developed story resources are developed as experiential contents through realistic media production technology and virtual reality platform and expanded to tourism contents and expanded to the window effect of contents. Also, by expanding cooperation governance between regions, it is possible to enhance opportunities for development of joint contents and enhance utilization as tourist contents, thereby contributing to regional economic development and related industries development.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.431-450
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• 2013

The present study aims to evaluate the potential accessibility of public healthcare facilities in rural areas. Population is prepared and analyzed in spatially microscopic level using dasymetric mapping method. According to the analysis on the accessibility to public facilities which is conducted using shortest distance, Gun areas and Eup/Myeon areas are 1,845m and 1,777m from residential areas respectively. Areas in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do have relatively low accessibility while Eup areas tend to have higher accessibility. The present study is meaningful in that it shows the status quo of and regional differences of potential accessibility of rural public facilities in Korea. Furthermore, the findings are also meaningful as they can be utilized as fundamental data to locate the facilities and improve the service delivery of medical facilities.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.671-678
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• 2015

When evaluating the feasibility of construction projects of large-scaled transportation facilities such as roads or railways based solely on the result of the economic analysis, less development indicators are politically reflected on the investment decision-making because regions whose socio-economic indicators are poor may be disadvantaged or underserved for the projects. Existing less development indicators, however, does not consider the transportation connectivity which indicates how effective the transportation networks are established for the transport of people and goods. In this study, travel time contour maps, travel distance and travel time between regions, and a route curvature were utilized to define new indices which reflect transportation connectivity on the less development indicators. When the new indices are applied, the existing rankings of under-developedness were changed, which means that transportation connectivity could effect on the political decision. In this study, we also suggested the necessity of considering the transportation connectivity when evaluating less development indicators, developed measures of inter-regional linkages, and performed the whole procedures of combining existing and new indices to evaluate the less development indicators.