• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.968-979
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• 2008

Since community growth and vitality frequently depend on local businesses and community inhabitants depend on local retailers for their daily necessities, studying small businesses in rural areas is important to community sustainability. The purpose of our research was to investigate what marketing, merchandising, customer service, or business operation strategies were being implemented by successful independent rural retailers(i.e., clothing, jewelry, floral, hardware etc.), in competition with large discount stores in the U.S.. In addition, social capital as indicated by community involvement was examined for its use as a business strategy that contributes to the success of small retailers. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 rural retailers representing three communities within a Midwestern state. Data were content analyzed. Participants were following several of the recommended business strategies but opportunities existed to implement changes. Results are discussed in terms of key practices followed by these successful small business owners.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2014

Service industry is a fundamental field that takes sustainable development of state economy. However the development of service industry in our economy doesn't yet compare to level of developed countries. It is supported by the recent statistics of our service industry. This paper shows regional comparative analysis about the current status of the service industry based on the number of establishments and workers. Using the data of census on establishments in 16 cities and provinces, we analyze the relative ratio for the number of establishments and workers in service industry among total industry in Seoul metropolitan, Gangwon, Chungcheong, Honam, Youngnam and Jeju region. Also we analyze the relative ratio by provinces in each region. We used the data of census on establishment for 7 years from 2006 to 2012, we calculated the relative ratio of the number of establishments and workers in service industry for the 6 regions. And we analyzed the relative ratio by provinces in each region.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.101-118
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• 2008

In this study, we estimate the labor demand function of environmental industry with environmental industry survey of Ministry of Environment. To do this, we apply the panel estimation technique. We follow the widely accepted estimation methods: panel generalized least square, panel generalized least square with heteroskedasticity/auto-correlation, random effect model and random effect model with auto-correlation. On the average, each industry is estimated at the elasticity of sales on labor demand from 0.193 to 0.259. It means that the increase of sales by 214billion won can create around $1,600{\sim}2,300$ jobs, and this is merely a direct effect. So when we consider the whole effect of labor demand increase including indirect derived job creation, the labor demand increase will be higher than this. So it is desirable for the government to support the development of environmental industry for sustainable development.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.93-105
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to outline the strategic implications of a structure analysis and trends of transferred air cargoes for the main airports of the North Asian region for 13 years from 2000 to 2012. To do so, it analyses the concentration levels using a Gini coefficient and Hirschmann Herfindahl index and represents the competitive positioning with regard to the main East Asian airports using the BCG framework and shift-share analysis. Currently, the concentration level is getting weaker in response to the emergence of Chinese airports in the north-east region. It is likely that the steady growth of air cargo of Shanghai airport (PVG) has caused the increase in concentration levels in the region. Seoul airport (ICN) may be directly in competition with PVG for air cargo in the region, giving consideration to reducing or maintaining an average increase ratio of air cargoes of ICN, NRT (Tokyo), and KIX (Osaka) for same period. In the same sense, the average increase in ratio for ICN for same period yields 1.3%, which is far behind the 6.2% and 5.2% of the north-east region and PVG respectively. Additionally, shift-share effect analysis indicates that ICN lost 422,180 tons in the north-east region during the same period, suggesting that transferred cargoes might have been forwarded to PVG.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.25-50
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• 2014

This study analyzes how the environmental-friendly logistics activities impact on both environmental performance which is the result of sustainable development and business performance which is one of basic achievement of commercial company. It has been researched especially focusing on manufacturing-based company. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, it has been proven that environment-friendly storage and cargo handling, management and policy factors significantly affect environmental performance. And environment-friendly production, management, policy factors significantly affect the company's business performance.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2012

This study analyzes United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and domestic-foreign support policy for renewable, also confirms the need for sound and sustainable development to minimize adverse impacts on the environment. Main source of greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming needs to be resolved through the introduction of renewable energy system by developing low-carbon city. Case studies show the directions for practical response to climate change on the basis of introduction of renewable energy. This case studies can be served as the base model that reduces greenhouse gases with the introduction of renewable energy facilities in the new land development project and obtains economic benefits from CDM project.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.245-271
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine and assess the major characteristics and changes of politics, economy, and diplomacy in Thailand in 2016. Specifically, it reviewed the New Constitution that was passed in 2016, the confrontation between different political forces and the trend of military regime around the New Constitution, and the political instability caused by the accession of the new king to the throne. This study also set out to figure out changes to the economy and foreign relations of the country, including its relations with South Korea, under the military regime and make predictions for the impact and future prospects of King Bhumibol Adulyadej's death on the politics and economy of the country. In 2016, the politics of Thailand took a step further toward the transfer of power to civil government and established a foundation for an authoritarian system. The draft of the New Constitution, which does not seem to be democratic, was approved by a referendum and enabled the military authorities to continue their political interventions, even after the general election. The New Constitution, in particular, reduces the power of political parties itself in addition to simply keeping the Thaksin's party in check; thus, anticipating ongoing conflicts between the military authorities and political parties. In this situation, the absence of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who used to play a decisive role in promoting the political stability of the country, and the accession of the new king to the throne raise concerns about the acceleration of political instability, which has continued after the coup and influenced the diplomatic relations of the country. Today, Thailand is distancing itself from Western nations that do not recognize the current military regime including the U.S.A. and EU member states and instead maintains a rapidly friendly and close relation with China. In 2016, the economy of Thailand made a gradual recovery rather than high growth. The death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej has exerted limited direct economic impacts only on individual consumption and tourism and is not likely to cause a recession. An economic crisis will, however, be unavoidable if the political confrontations escalate before the general election to transfer power to the civil government.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.281-304
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• 2011

In the energy-climate era, pollution emissions from port activities have a significant issue in international shipping and port community. Thus international organization such as IMO and developed countries are seeking to develop various reduction strategies against air pollution. However Korea has recently conducted several studies concerning air pollution in port industry. The main purpose of the paper is to suggest emission reduction strategies for bulk terminal in Port of Incheon, which handles large amount bulk cargoes as a gateway for the metropolitan area. For this aim, the clean air strategies of the world major ports were considered and air pollution reduction strategies were suggested. The main findings of this paper are as follows. First, the emission reduction strategies for container terminal are should be integrated based on technologies changes, operational changes and market-based measures. Second, the emission reduction strategies for bulk terminal can be effective when use innovative measures during loading, unloading and storage process such as telescopic cascade trimming chute, snake sandwich equipment, dry fog system and dome structure. Finally, investigation on actual conditions of air pollution in Korean ports and development of environmental evaluation scheme for persisting monitoring should be conducted.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

With rapid growing of the Northeastern Asia, the interest for the connection of Infrastructure that was behind of interesting until now is getting larger. In a line of same connection, UN-ESCAP are forwarding transcontinental railway project, asian highway project et al.. And this study aimed at analysis on the effect that extended to a space by Korea-Japan undersea tunnel project. In aspect of a national land balanced-development to solve various problems such as overcrowding in capital region, unbalanced state by regions, weak exchange between South and North Korea, and weakness of national land basis to prepare for unification et al., this study consulted the economic potentiality model as a analysis method to examine an effect. In this analysis, I used 24 scenarios including all cases by combination of 3 scenarios for Korea-Japan undersea tunnel, 4 scenarios for transportation modes in the section of undersea tunnel, and 2 scenarios for adjacency infrastructure. Transportation modes in the section of undersea tunnel are railway, car-train, mixing way of railway and car-train, and mixing way of road and railway. Adjacency infrastructure applied railway and road. In all scenarios, Korea showed higher growth potentiality than Japan. Also, proposal plan C route relatively showed better in national land balanced-development than other proposal plans. The growth potentiality relatively appeared higher by buildup of a connection together with non-capital regions from the construction of Korea-Japan undersea tunnel. In aspect of Northeastern Asia, it resulted in a increasing of trade and chance of network formation in the region of Asia through infrastructure connection. But, in considering passenger and various factors that extended to the economic growth, this analysis have some limitation. Therefore, I hope that deep studies will continuously perform with various factors.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2020

Social co-operatives, which are working positively to realize the economic and social purpose of being carried out directly through products and services producing the public interest, are steadily expanding under the public interest mission of social co-operatives. It has important theoretical and practical significance to study the model of social co-operatives tailored to the local situation in Korea based on international experience. This study looks at the international status of social co-operatives, international cases, and puts forward problems and suggestions centering on cases of advanced countries. It sought to find a solution to what society required only by solving the problems necessary for sustainable economic growth. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the social cooperatives of advanced countries, such as Italy, Canada, and France, were organized, compared and analyzed. The study found that the implications of co-operatives in Italy, France and Canada are as follows. First, it is needed to adhere to the principles of co-operatives in pending issues such as social problems and employment and jobs in the community. Second, it is necessary to establish a supportive financial system for the cooperative's initial stability and sustainability. Third, the ecosystem of co-operatives should be formed to support and foster legal systems and network organizations.