• Korean Security Journal
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• no.46
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• pp.189-216
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• 2016

In March 2015, the North Korean UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) were found and countries around the world have actively developed UAVs. UAVs or Drone have become commercialized and more civilians use UAVs for leisure. The positive possibilities of UAV use expand. However, there could be the negative sides of UAV use. The UAVs could be used for the purpose of various crime, cybercrime, and terrorism. For instance, hacking devices attached drone could be infiltrated into the sensitive networks to steal personal informations and public data. This could be a new dimension of cybercrime. As the number of internet users and cyberspace rapidly expands, problems of crimes could be worsened both quantitatively and qualitatively. By contrast, defensive measures against such threats are limited. Especially, the Korean society is vulnerable despite its well-advanced internet and computer network technology. This article investigates the current UAV types and its developments, discusses various possibilites of UAV-related crime, cybercrime, and terrorism, and proposes responses.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.297-301
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• 2012

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is the major of bio-electrochemical system which can convert biomass spontaneously into electricity through the metabolic activity of the microorganisms. In this study, we used an activated sludge as a microbial inoculum and then investigated the feasibility of using dairy wastewater as a possible substrate for generating electricity in MFC. To examine the performance of MFC as power generator, the characteristics on cell potentials, power density, cyclic voltammetric analysis and sustainable power estimation were evaluated for dairy wastewater. The maximum power density of $40\;mW/m^2$was achieved when the dairy wastewater containing 2650 mg/L COD was used, leading to the removal of 88% of the COD. The results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of using MFC technology to generate electricity while simultaneously treating dairy wastewater effectively.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.5-36
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• 2022

The Russia-Ukraine War was a "three-layer compounded war" between the US and Russia, Russia and Ukraine, and Ukrainian government forces and rebels. First, the war is a phenomenon that occurred when the western sphere of influence seeking to maintain and strengthen the liberal international order and the Sino-Russian sphere of influence seeking a new alternative order collided in Ukraine, a geopolitical fault zone. Second, this war is the result of a typical 'security dilemma' phenomenon caused by the 'chain reaction' game of NATO's continuous expansion and Russia's response. Third, the Russia-Ukraine war was caused by the Russian military projection to prevent the military restoration of Donbas region by Ukraine. Until now, the Western world, led by the US, showed unexpected solidarity after the war despite subtle differences in positions. However, the non-Western world, including China, is not participating in the condemnation and sanctions against Russia. This war will be an important turning point in the existence and change of the current international order that has been formed and is operating since the end of the Cold War. The direction of maintenance/restoration, revision/change, and end/transformation of the current international order is highly likely to be determined depending on the development pattern and method of ending the war.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.64-67
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• 1995

우리나라 조선산업이 21세기에 명실상부한 선진 조선국으로 발돋움하기 위해서는 단기적으로는 가격경쟁력의 강화가 요구되나 장기적으로는 기술자립화를 통해 과거 가격위주의 경쟁체제에서 기술위주의 경쟁체제로 전환함으로써 질적인 성장을 추구해야 할 것이다. 또한 우리나라의 조 선산업은 세계조선시장을 리드하는 선도국으로서 세계선박수급구조의 안정화에 노력하고 지구 해양환경보호를 위한 국제적인 프로그램에 적극 참여하는 한편, 후발조선국에 대한 기술협력, 기술지도 등 국제협력도 강화하여 명실상부한 선진조선국의 면모를 갖추어야 할 것이다. 이를 효과적으로 추진하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 과제를 해결해야 할 것이다. 첫째, 효율적 기술개발을 통한 건조기술의 재고가 그 무엇보다도 중요하다. 즉 단기적으로는 주요 대체수요 선박이면서 국내 주력건조선박인 탱커, 벌크케리어 등 재래단순형 선박에 대해 성에 너지화, 성인력화 및 표준선형화하고, 선박 생산공정의 개선, 생산성 향상을 통해 가격경쟁력을 지속적으로 확보해야할 것이다. 그러나 중장기적으로는 가스운반선,카페리선, 초고속선 등의 부가가치선박에 대한 건 조기술의 자립화로 이들 선종을 주력선종화하여 해외 수주 경쟁력을 재고시켜야 한다. 이와함께 심해탐사장비, 해양구조부유물 등의 해양개발장비의 개발로 사업영역을 확대해야할 것이다. 상 기의 각종 기술재발을 효율적으로 추진하기 위해서는 범국가적인 연구체제의 구성을 통한 산학연 공동연구형태로 추진하는 것이 바람직하다. 둘째, 핵심 조선기자재의 국산화와 품질 향상이 필 요하다. 향후 조선기자재의 국산화추진은 과거 개발 품목의 확대에서 벗어나 핵심적이고 부가 가치가 높은 품목 위주의 질적 국산화로 전환되어야 할 것이며, 이때 국산화이후 조선소의 적 극적인 구매가 전제되어야 할 것이다. 또한 기자재의 품질, 성능검사기능의 강화와 다수요 품목을 중심으로한 표준화, 규격화의 확대 추진으로 지속적인 품질향상과 원가절감을 도모해야한다. 특히 조선기자재업체의 영세상을 감안하여 조선소 인근지역에 단지화함으로써 생산설비의 현 대화, 자재의 공동구매, 물류비용의 절감 등을 기해 가격경쟁력을 강화해야 할 것이다. 또한 업계 공동의 해외판매망, A/S망의 직수출을 늘려야 할 것이다. 셋째, 국제협력 강화로 통상환경에 적극 대응해야 한다. 다자간조선협정 발효에 따른 제소 가능성에 대비하여 관민차원의 국제협 력을 강화하는 한편, 회계 기준의 통일, 제소사례의 연구 등을 업계 공동으로 추진하는 것이 바 람직하다. 또한 향후 2010년이후에 중국을 비롯한 후발조선국에 대해 조선협정에의 참여를 유도, 세계조선시장의 수급안정화에 노력해야할 것이다. 그외에 국제적으로 추진되는 지구그린화에 주도적 역할을 수행해야 할 것이다. 넷째, 선박금융제도의 개선과 신금융상품의 개발이 요구된다. 내수 수요인 계획조선의 지원조건을 개선하고 연불수출자금을 BBC자금으로 활용토록하여 국내 선주들의 신조를 유도해야 할 것이다. 그 외에 향후 금융개방화에 맞추어 해외자금을 활용한 리스금융, 상사금융 등의 민간신용제도를 더욱 활성화하고 선진국의 선박금융기법에 대한 연구 및 도입 등 선주들에게 다양한 선박건조자금을 제공하여 내수기반 확충에도 노력해야 할 것 이다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.466-474
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• 2023

In recent years, the government has strongly promoted multi-purpose utilization of paddy field. However, poor drainage causes waterlogging stress in upland crops, requiring subsurface drainage technology, resulting in high installation and management costs. To address this issue, a low-cost and high-efficiency technique was developed that utilizes wasted coir substrates which have characteristics of high porosity and good drainage, for upland crop cultivation in paddy fields. Soybeans were grown in both paddy soil and wasted coir slab with two planting densities (80×20 cm and 60×20 cm). The results showed that the coir substrates had better performance than the paddy soil in terms of soil physical and chemical properties and the growth and yield of upland crops are improved. The treatments using wasted coir substrate showed a 41.4% increase in yield and a 21.3% increase in protein content compared to PS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that recycling waste coir substrates to grow upland crops is a positive cultivation strategy to solve some drainage problems in paddy fields. This approach offers a sustainable solution for upland crop production while also addressing the issue of waste management in agriculture.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.61-86
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to conceptualize and investigate the relationships between the antecedents and outcomes of customer satisfaction and the linking variables of brand preference and repurchase intention in service industries. To achieve this objective, the study tries to validate the structural equation model and causal relationships among the model's elements involving antecedents to customer satisfaction(perceived quality, value, equity), consequences(brand preference, repurchase intention), and moderating variable/switching cost, customer loyalty). Empirical findings are as follows: First, the effect of two antecedents/perceived quality and value) on customer. satisfaction was accepted but perceived equity was rejected. Second, I found out that there were direct or indirect relationships between the mediating variables/switching cost, customer loyalty, brand preference) and repurchase intention. This means that the proper management concerned with indirect path is probably more important for the success of services industries. Third, the direct effects of customer satisfaction and switching cost on repurchase intention were not significant against the existing studies excepting brand preference. This implies that repurchase intention was mainly intensified by the indirect path, 'customer loyalty${\rightarrow}$brand preference${\rightarrow}$repurchase intention' and 'switching cost${\rightarrow}$brand preference${\rightarrow}$repurchase intention.' The service marketers make efforts not only to strengthen the direct casual linkage but also to consolidate the indirect connections leading to create repurchase intention. Finally, the proper management of these structural relationships will help clarify the role of service marketer resulting in increasing sustainable competitive advantage in service industries.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1470-1481
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• 2008

A demand for spectrum resources, especially in the low frequency bands, is ever increasing with the development of mobile telecommunications and so is their economic value as other national resources. Also, development in mobile broadband require more bandwidth with excellent propagation characteristics, such as those frequencies in the 700/800/900 MHz bands. As a way to enhance the economic efficiency of using spectrum resources, many countries including the U.S., the U.K. and Japan, have recently focused on the refarming plan of the low frequency bands according to the transition from analogue to digital TV. By the way, as a result of WRC-07, those parts of the band $698{\sim}960\;MHz$ in Region 2 and the band $790{\sim}960\;MHz$ in Regions 1 and 3 which are allocated to the mobile service on a primary basis are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Therefore, after analogue to digital television switchover, some administrations may decide to use all or parts of the band $698{\sim}806/862\;MHz$ for other services to which the band is allocated on a primary basis, in particular the mobile service for the implementation of IMT, while in other countries the broadcasting service will continue to operate in that band. And to conclude, bands already identified for IMT-2000 will also be able to be used for IMT. This work will help establish a policy direction for spectrum refarming in the low frequency bands in Korea(Rep. of).

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.40-51
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• 2015

This study is to estimate the viability of aerobic stabilization technology for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from landfills in Korea. In this study, methane emissions were estimated by applying Landfill gas estimation model (LandGEM) to Y landfill in Korea. By comparison of an anaerobic condition (baseline) and an aerobic condition, the amount of $CO_2eq$ savings was calculated. The $CO_2eq$ savings take place inside the landfilled waste during aeration due to the conversion of previously anaerobic biodegradation to aerobic processes, releasing mainly $CO_2$. It was demonstrated that 86.6% of the total GHG emissions occurring under anaerobic conditions could be reduced by aerobic stabilization technology. This means the aerobic stabilization technology could reduce environmental contamination through early stabilization and GHG emissions considerably at the same time. Therefore, the aerobic stabilization technology is one of the optimal technologies that could be employed to domestic landfill sites to achieve sustainable landfill.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.711-721
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• 2022

Due to a long-term pandemic of COVID-19 since 2019, our society finally goes into 'un-tact (non-contact) era' in earnest by increasing an importance of non-contacted activities which are able to live without contacts among people. Un-tact era has influenced to generate a huge structural change with digitalization in our daily life as well as industrial society based on digital twin as an essential technology. As a technology representing real world in virtual digital world by integrating various technologies applied to 4^th industrial revolution, digital twin leads an innovation in industrial society with diverse industrial processes. But this technique isn't actively used across all industries due to structural limitations and environmental restrictions of digital twin. Especially, the field of construction and facility is necessary to use digital twin because it requires periodic managements of buildings in daily life and is directly connected with casualties in cases of disaster. But issues faced in reality are acting as an obstacle for applying digital twin. Therefore, this study suggests the necessity applying digital twin in facility safety response based on these issues and emphasizes active applications of digital twin by describing the expected effects being created. Furthermore, it connects to create demands of digital twin by overcoming current issues and suggesting high sustainable development.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2022

Research and development of biofuels as one of the means to mitigate global warming and to avoid fossil fuel depletion has occurred for more than 30 years. However, there has only been limited distribution of a few first- and second-generation biofuels, and widespread supply and consumption of biofuels is still far from a reality. Although a relatively recently studied third-generation biofuel derived from seaweed biomass has been shown to have many advantages, it is yet to be deployed in commercial-scale seaweed biorefineries. This review paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of seaweed biorefineries for the entire value chain covering from seaweed and its cultivation to biofuel production based on an extensive literature search and the author's experience of conducting feasibility studies pertaining to seaweed biorefineries for over 10 years. For this purpose, the literature survey will cover the current status of seaweed production and its research and development worldwide, conversion technologies for biofuel production from seaweed based on bench-scale experiments, and large-scale techno-economic feasibility studies for seaweed conversion to biofuels and bioenergy. In addition, the main problems expected with the commercialization of seaweed-based biofuels will be identified. Finally, the current status of seaweed biorefinery technology and the author's views on its promising future will be summarized.