• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.680-689
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• 2006

Introduction of the Special Account for Balanced National Development (SABND) which was represented top-down in 2005 have previous national budget distribution system between central and local government change. A local autonomous entities can choose freely the favorite programs within the total programs in SABND so they can use limited budget efficiently, After induction of this system, budget of the Forest Programs in SABND in 2006 compare to last year has increased by 24.5 percent. That is three times higher than the average rate of total SABND budget, 8.1 percent. This study surveyed propriety of the Forest Programs and hereafter their budget prospect with local government officials in forest sector, 68.7 percent of the respondents recognized that the inclusion of the Forest Programs in SABND is proper. The most preferred Forest Programs are making Urban Forests and their Management and making Facilities for Forest Recreation. And the most non-preferred Forest Programs are complementing the Lumberyard Facility of the Forestry Association, making the Exhibition of Wood Products and making the Base for the Seedling Production. When Forest Programs are adjusted in the future, these programs above mentioned should be exempted from the SABND. because the non-preferred programs as well as the small budget programs On the prospect of the future budget, 81.1 percent of the local government officials in forest sector answered that it will be the same with the current or increasing, In the short term, the budget of the Forest Program in SABND is expected to increase.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-44
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• 1999

Digital maps produced in Korea are various in scale and include a lot of geographic and attribute data. In this study, it is argued that, to reduce the production cost and the difficulties for renewal, it is necessary to establish the already nationally drawn 1:5,000 scale digital maps as the base maps and simplify them as much as the TIGER files in the U.S. The comprehensive data included in the digital maps in Korea are mostly land use information, which are supposed to be established separately from the digital maps. The land use information system could be maintained and updated cheaply and frequently at the local government level. In response to common needs, the land use information could be imported to GIS and used for analyses. As technologies and societies changes, the Census questions and methodologies should be changed for better uses. Along with GIS, the Census would be developed and processed more reliably and efficiently. Also, it is recommended for Korean government to develop the Census Tract and Block Group system. Current Eup, Myon, Dong as basic units for Census information may not be useful or effective for micro level urban analyses and public service planning activities because of their large population and land areas. It is recommended that optimum population of a Census Tract be 5,000 and a Block Groups 1,500, and one Census Tract includes 1~9 Block Groups. It is recommend that Census Tract and Block Group boundary lines be decided flexibly in light of population, physical features, socio-economic attributes, and tradition. For urban analyses using GIS, socio-economic census data, city government's information such as parcel data and building permit data, survey data, and satellite image data could also be used. The existence of Census Tracts and Block Groups as well as GIS could help for the data and methods to be useful for urban analyses and public service provisions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2024

Despite the increasing importance of urban parks' ecological functions in dealing with the climate crisis, ecological parks are not clearly defined in Korea's legal system. Numerous ecological parks created nationwide cannot be systematically designated and managed due to various legal bases and varying management authorities. It is important to clarify the legal status of ecological parks in order to lead the ecological paradigm shift of urban parks and to improve the natural park system for a comprehensive and integrated approach to protect the national ecosystem. To this end, related laws were analyzed to identify problems and to draw directions for legislative improvement. Through the literature review of relevant laws, acts, and ordinances, six major directions for improvement were suggested based on the analysis of problems. First, the legal status of ecological parks in the administrative dichotomy of the current park system is ambiguous, and ecological parks should be clarified through the revision of park-related laws. Second, an ecological park can be defined as a sustainable park created and managed in an ecological manner, promoting the protection and restoration of the ecosystem, conservation, and promotion of biodiversity, and balancing nature observation, ecological learning, and leisure activities. Third, the role of the state and local governments should be systematically revised to lead to a new park planning and management model through new governance. Fourth, since the characteristics of ecological parks are affected by individual laws, the possibility of overlapping ecological parks for other uses should be allowed. Fifth, detailed guidelines and standard ordinances need to be enacted to meet the goals, principles, and facilities of ecological parks. Lastly, along with the revision of the laws, ordinances by local governments also need to be more concrete. This study, which tracks various legal realities related to ecological parks, can contribute to policymaking that can systematize the foundation for the creation of ecological parks to preserve nationwide ecosystems and provide citizens with opportunities to experience and learn about nature.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 1983

This study was conducted to obtain fundamental informations on the improvement of cropping system to increase in land utilization rate and crop production. In order to group the characteristics of areas, Chungnam province was classified into 4 classes: Suburb (Daedeog Gun, Cheonwon Gun), Plain (Nonsan Gun, Dangjin Gun) Coastal (Seosan Gun, Boryeong Gun) and Hilly region (Gongju Gun, Cheongyang Gun). 100 farm households were sampled from each region, and cropping system and utilization state of paddy and upland in 1982 were surveyed. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Average utilization rate of upland was 161.9 % The utilization rate of upland at plain was highest (188.9 %), and that at suburb showed lowest value (152.0%). 2. Number of crops cultivated at upland was 32 kinds. Among the rate of planting area of each crop. soybean showed highest rate of 18.8%, barley 15.4%, red-pepper 13.1% and chinese' cabbage 10.1% respectively, but the red pepper showed highest rate of planting area at suburb, the barley at hilly region and the soybean at plain and coastal region. 3. Average utilization rate of paddy was 115.6% and the utilization rate of paddy at suburb showed the highest value (140.0%) and that at coastal region the lowest value (108.2%). 4. 12 kinds of crops were cultivated at paddy before or after rice cultivation. Among the crops cultivated at paddy before or after rice cultivation, barley showed the highest area rate (5.0%) of cultivation and strawberry the next but the strawberry showed the highest area rate of cultivation at suburb and barley at other regions. 5. The cropping systems at upland were divided into single cropping and double cropping. Types of double cropping at upland were classified into 38 types by the combinations of crops. Among the types of double cropping, the rate of cultivation area of soybean after barley combination was 35.0%, but at suburb the rate of this type of cropping system was low and the double cropping of vegetable combinations showed high rate. 6. Types of double cropping at paddy were classified into 6 types. As a whole, double cropping of barley after rice combination showed highest rate of cultivation area (42.8%) among crop combinations but at suburb, the area rate of this type cropping was low and cultivation of fruit vegetable after rice showed highest rate. The area rate of post - cropping to rice was 76.3% of whole double cropping area at paddy and significantly higher than the rate of precropping to rice. 7. Some kinds of crop combinations were consisted of same family or closely related crops and the characteristics of the crop rotation between those crops are almost same. The area cultivated those unreasonable crop combinations were 19.09 ha. 8. At upland, planting area of the cereal crops, vegetale crops and industrial crops crops and industrial crops was 88.92ha, 93.70ha and 21.80ha respectively. The Planting area of cereal crops was significantly less than that of vegetable crops. 9. Most of all the research reports on the cropping system from 1910 to 1980 were about the post cropping after rice harvest. The objectives of researches could be classified into 14 kinds and the important objectives of researches were the planting time, the amounting of manuring, the quantity of seeding, the transplanting time, the ridging method, the sowing method and the variety test.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.347-365
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• 1995

A survey was conducted to study perception and attitudes of health workers towards health center's activities and organization of health services, from August 15 to September 30, 1994. The study population was 310 health workers engaged in seven urban health centers in Taegu City area. A questionnaire method was used to collect data and response rate was 81.3 percent or 252 respondents. The following are summaries of findings: Profiles of study population: Health workers were predominantly female(62.3%); had college education(60.3%); and held medical and nursing positions(39.6%), technicians(30.6%) and public health/administrative positions(29.8%). Perceptions on health center's resources: Slightly more than a half(51.1%) of respondents expressed that physical facilities of the centers are inadequate; equipments needed are short(39.0%); human resource is inadequate(44.8%); and health budget allocated is insufficient(38.5%) to support the performance of health center's activities. Decentralization and health services: The majority revealed that the decentralization of government system would affect the future activities of health centers(51.9%) which may have to change. However, only one quarter of respondents(25.4%) seemed to view the decentralization positively as they expect that it would help perform health activities more effectively. The majority of the respondents(78.6%) insisted that the function and organization of the urban health centers should be changed. Target workload and job satisfaction: A large proportion (43.3%) of respondents felt that present target setting systems for various health activities are unrealistic in terms of community needs and health center's situation while only 11.1 percent responded it positively; the majority(57.5%) revealed that they need further training in professional fields to perform their job more effectively; more than one third(35.7%) expressed that they enjoy their professional autonomy in their job performance; and a considerable proportion (39.3%) said they are satisfied with their present work. Regarding the personnel management, more worker(47.3%) perceived it negatively than positive(11.5%) as most of workers seemed to think the personnel management practiced at the health centers is not fair or justly done. Health services rendered: Among health services rendered, health workers perceived the following services are most successfully delivered; they are, in order of importance, Tb control, curative services, and maternal and child health care. Such areas as health education, oral health, environmental sanitation, and integrated health services are needed to be strengthening. Regarding the community attitudes towards health workers, 41.3 percent of respondents think they are trusted by the community they serve. New areas of concern identified which must be included in future activities of health centers are, in order of priority, health care of elderly population, home health care, rehabilitation services, and such chronic diseases control programs as diabetes, hypertension, school health and mental health care. In conclusion, the study revealed that health workers seemed to have more negative perceptions and attitudes than positive ones towards organization and management of health services and activities performed by the urban health centers where they are engaged. More specifically, the majority of health workers studied revealed to have the following areas of health center's organization and management inadequate or insufficient to support effective performance of their health activities: Namely, physical facilities and equipments required are inadequate; human and financial resources are insufficient; personnel management is unsatisfactory; setting of service target system is unrealistic in terms of the community needs. However, respondents displayed a number of positive perceptions, particularly to those areas as further training needs and implementation of decentralization of government system which will bring more autonomy of local government as they perceived these change would bring the necessary changes to future activities of the health center. They also displayed positive perceptions in their job autonomy and have job satisfactions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.109-121
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• 2003

The point of this research is the use of the high resolution satellite image for local government's new address system, as well as spatially field investigation support and base map error finding. Most local governments use scale 1/1,000 and 1/5,000 digital map for base map and field investigation. But field investigator's knowledge insufficiency and the lack of base map's currency make things too difficult from the beginning of the project. As the way of solving this problem, this research offers the use of the high resolution satellite image in new address system with cadence data of digital base map. Until now satellite image is not suitable for our situation because it has low resolution. But this problem was solved for 1m space resolution satellite image and it is being applied wider and wider. Now vector data and Raster data are integrated for complimenting of each weak point. In this study the use of the high resolution satellite image in new address system is expected to improve the quality of the results and reduce the expenses. In addition the satellite image can use local government's fundamental data.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2455-2464
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• 2013

This study is focused on the effect of reformation of public transportation system on the efficiency of bus route system as a result of change of government subsidy scheme. Two types of government subsidy scheme has been considered and before and after analysis by Data Envelopment Analysis technique has been carried out for bus routes in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The analysis output has shown that there is no clear evidence to clarify the relationship between the change of government subsidy scheme and the efficiency of bus route system. There are two types of backgrounds may be suggested for this situation such as more longer period necessary to identify the policy effect and limitation to increase the number of passenger in a provincial city. Tobit regression analysis has also been conducted to discover the most effective variables for maximum efficiency and three variables including route length, frequency per vehicle per day, and headway are found to be influential. It is also seen that strategy to minimising input factors and service upgrade plan such as shortened route length and headway, increasing frequency per vehicle are necessary to develop the efficiency of bus routes operated in Ulsan city.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.8 s.169
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• pp.703-716
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• 2006

The flow duration curves in the present and the ideal hydrologic cycle were derived using SWAT model. The present situation is the landuse and the groundwater withdrawal in the year of 2000 and the ideal situation is the landuse of 1975 and no groundwater withdrawal. These results were compared with the previous instream flow requirements which are the larger flow between the average drought flow and environmental control flow. As a result, the present and ideal drought flows of Ojeoncheon, Hakuicheon, Samseongcheon, and Sammakcheon, were the same and the drought flows of Samseongcheon and Sammakcheon were even zero since the baseflow is very little due to the small and mountainous watersheds. The previous instream flow requirement for the riverine function is also larger than the low flow of the ideal hydrologic cycle. The present method to set the instream flow requirement is not proper for the small mountainous watershed since it can be usually overestimated and drive the artificial measures to secure the streamflow Therefore, another method should be developed such as the low flow and the average flow between the drought flow and the low flow of the ideal hydrologic cycle using the proper hydrologic simulation model such as SWAT which can consider the landuse.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.130-134
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 하천 복원과 관리에 필수적인 하천의 특성 분석 및 물순환 분석시스템 구축에 있다. 연구 대상지역으로 최근 하천의 생태 기능 회복을 위해 도심생태하천조성 사업이 추진되고 있는 대전 3대 하천유역을 선정하였다. 대전 3대 하천 유역의 물수지와 도시화에 따른 영향을 파악하기 위하여 SWAT을 이용한 물순환 분석시스템을 구축하였다. 모형적용 결과, 유출량과 지하수 수위 변화 등 대전 3대 하천 유역의 특성을 관측치에 가깝게 모의할 수 있었다. 모델의 검보정 실시결과에서 나타난 모델의 계산 값들의 관측된 유출량뿐 아니라 기저유출량 및 지하수 수위와의 높은 상관관계는 본 연구에서 구축한 모델의 구조나 변수의 유효성에 많은 신뢰도를 제공한다고 판단된다. SWAT을 이용하여 대전 3대 하천 유역의 물수지 분석 및 도시화에 따른 영향을 평가하였다. 물수지 분석결과에 의하면, 전체적으로 총 유출량 중 지하수 유출량이 47%정도, 중간 유출량이 31% 그리고 지표유출량이 22%이다. 각 소유역의별 유출 성분 분석결과는 각 소유역의 토지 이용도, 토양 그리고 지형적 특징에 따른 유출 특성을 확인하였다. 도시화 영향 분석 결과 전체적으로 1975년에서 2000년까지 갑천 유역의 약 5%가량의 도시화는 총 유출량의 변화에 있어서는 현저한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 각 유출 성분의 경우에는 많은 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 지표유출량은 45% 가량의 증가를 보였고, 전체 유역의 지하수함양 량이 5%정도 감소한 반면, 도시화가 31%정도 진행된 소유역의 경우에는 17%정도의 현저한 감소를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 수행한 물수지 분석 및 도시화 영향분석 결과는 향후 대천 3대 하천의 생태하천복원을 위한 물순환 정상화 대책마련 및 하천의 유량확보방안 마련에 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.득증대를 꾀함으로 농촌문제 해결에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구를 통해 GIS 와 RS의 기술이 농촌분야에 더 효율적으로 적용될 것으로 기대되며, 농업기술센터를 통한 정보제공을 함으로써 대농민 서비스 및 농업기관의 위상이 제고 될 것으로 기대된다.여 전자파의 공간적인 가시화를 수행할 수 있었다. 본 전자파 시뮬레이션 기법이 실무에 이용될 경우, 일반인이 전자파의 분포에 대한 전문지식을 습득할 필요 없이, 검색하고자 하는 지역과 송전선, 전철 등 각종 전자파의 발생 공간 객체를 선택하여 실생활과 관련된 전자파 정보에 예측할 수 있어, 대민 환경정보 서비스 질의 개선측면에서 획기적인 계기를 마련할 것으로 사료된다.acid$(C_{18:3})$가 대부분을 차지하였다. 야생 돌복숭아 과육 중의 지방산 조성은 포화지방산이 16.74%, 단불포화지방산 17.51% 및 다불포화지방산이 65.73%의 함유 비율을 보였는데, 이 중 다불포화지방산인 n-6계 linoleic acid$(C_{18:2})$와 n-3계 linolenic acid$(C_{18:3})$가 지질 구성 총 지방산의 대부분을 차지하는 함유 비율을 나타내었다.했다. 하강하는 약 4일간의 기상변화가 자발성 기흉 발생에 영향을 미친다고 추론할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 추론된 기상변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은 존재하므로 이러한 전

• Informatization Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.66-83
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• 2020

Local issues that occur in cities typically garner great attention from the public. While local governments strive to resolve these issues, it is often difficult to effectively eliminate them all, which leads to complaints. In tackling these issues, it is imperative for local governments to use big data to identify the nature of complaints, and proactively provide solutions. This study applies the LDA topic modeling technique to research and analyze trends and patterns in complaints filed online. To this end, 9,625 cases of online complaints submitted to the city of Busan from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed, and 20 topics were identified. From these topics, key topics were singled out, and through analysis of quarterly weighting trends, four "hot" topics(Bus stops, Taxi drivers, Praises, and Administrative handling) and four "cold" topics(CCTV installation, Bus routes, Park facilities including parking, and Festivities issues) were highlighted. The study conducted big data analysis for the identification of trends and patterns in civil affairs and makes an academic impact by encouraging follow-up research. Moreover, the text mining technique used for complaint analysis can be used for other projects requiring big data processing.