• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.174-178
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the hematological and hepatic function in the mouse after the adminstration of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen extracted by a different refining process during 30 days. The experimental groups divided seven. Control group was administered mice with 0.9％ saline(4mL/kg). The experimental groups were divided 10％ bamboo extract(B1, C1 and D1 experimental groups) and 30％ bamboo extract(B2, C2, D2 experimental groups)administered groups(4mL/kg). Hematological results: RBC(P<0.05) and Hct(P<0.05) were significantly decreased in the D2 group. The activity of transaminase(P<0.05) of D2 group was significantly increased, but the activities of SOD(P<0.05) and catalase(P<0.01) were significantly decreased, in the D group. Histopathological observation: Ballooned hepatocytes were occurred periportal vein in the D1 and D2 groups, and necrosis of hepatic nuclei in the D2 group were observed. The results indicated that hematological and histopathological toxicity were occurred in the administered group of bamboo extract D refined by 2 times distilling at $108{\circ}C$.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.250-254
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• 2012

In July 2011, hundreds of garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) were found to be infected with a white smut in Namyangju. Further surveys in central Korea showed that the disease occurred in all the nine localities visited, with disease incidence rate of >50%. Symptoms manifested as pale-green to chlorotic areas on the leaves, followed by white mildew development on lesions. The lesions usually coalesced and became necrotic, considerably reducing the aesthetic value. Caespituli were initially hypophyllous but later epiphyllous as well. Conidiophores were 10-40 in moderately dense fascicles, hyaline throughout, mostly guttulate, $20-45{\times}2-4{\mu}m$, obtuse at the apex, and had inconspicuous conidial scars. Conidia were solitary, botuliform, hyaline, aseptate, mostly guttulate, apex rounded, base rounded to truncate, $17-24{\times}3.5-5{\mu}m$, hilum inconspicuous, unthickened, and not darkened. Sori were rounded to elongated, resulting in first white and later brown leaf spots. Teliospores embedded in the leaf tissue were subglobose to ellipsoidal, subhyaline to pale yellowish-brown, $12.5-20{\times}10-15{\mu}m$. These morphological characteristics corresponded with those of Entyloma cosmi V$\acute{a}$nky, Horita & Jage. This is the first report of white smut disease of garden cosmos due to infection of E. cosmi in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2010

Mandarin fish (SSOGARI: Korean name) has emerged as new aquaculture and aquarium fish among Korean native fish species. Unfortunately, this fish could not exempt from infectious agent invasion. As an epidemiological survey, high mortality of mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) observed from a fish farm in Gyeongnam province of South Korea. The major macroscopic sign of the diseased fish was severe multifocal dermal ulceration. Histological observation revealed inflammation, necrosis and colonization of bacteria in various tissues. Seven bacterial isolates from the diseased fish were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (typical A. salmonicida) using API 20E and 20NE system. However, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using two different primers (AP and MIY) revealed that the bacterial strains were not typical A. salmonicida, but atypical A. salmonicida. This study demonstrates that PCR assay is a reliable method for the confirmation of atypical A. salmonicida in mandarin fish as compared to biochemical tests. Furthermore, this is the first account of extensive dermatitis in mandarin fish due to atypical A. salmonicida infection, which has high potential in aquaculture and aquarium fish among native fish species.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

A new bacterial disease of sesame(Sesamum indicum) was observed on field-grown plants in Suwon, Hongchun and Yeonchun in 2000. Leaf symptoms initially appeared as water-soaked spots that gradually enlarged, became necrotic and were often bordered by a small zone of lemon yellow tissue. In the case of severe infection, dead leaves were defoliated. Isolations made from diseased leaves on yeast extract dextrose calcium carbonate agar yielded nearly pure cultures of a yellow-pigmented bacterium typical of a xanthomonad. Two bacterial strains were purified and used for farther tests. Pathogenicity of strains was confirmed on 3-week-old sesame plants sprayed with bacterial suspensions containing $10^{8}cfu/ml$ of phosphate buffered saline. The Biolog and fatty acid analyses of the two strains(SL3451 and SL3476) 1mm sesame leaf blight showed that they could be identified as ft campestris pv. sesami because of their high similarity to the tester strain(X. campestris pv. sesami LMG865) with a match probability of $100\%$. The bacterium grew well between 18 and 36$^{\circ}C$, but optimum temperature was $27^{\circ}C$ on LB broth. This is the first report of bacterial blight of sesame in Korea. Symptoms of bacterial blight of sesame are difficult to differentiated with those of bacterial leaf spot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 1999

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticize. known as one of endocrine disruptors. The present study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructural changes of prepubertal rat testis after oral administration of DEHP in dosages of 1 g/kg, 3 g/kg or 5g/kg in 0.5 ml of corn oil daily for a week. This study revealed the DEHP inhibited the development of seminiferous tubules and induced structural changes on various cell types of the rat testis. Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and the developing germ cells seemed to be impaired their differentiations in terms of the structural changes of cell organelles. The increase of heterochromatin in amount were common features in all 3 cell types. In addition, the Leydig cells were characterized by the increases in number and size of lysosomes and the scantiness of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The Sertoli cells became irregular in nuclear envelope and the cytoplasm decreased, but the number of lysosomes and vacuoles seemed to be increased. There were some indications of necrosis of the germ cells, such as vacuolized nucleus and segregated nucleolus. These detrimental effects of DEHP on the rat testis were dose dependent and suppressed spermatogenesis decreasing developing germ cells in number and appearances. The effect of DEHP on ultrastructure of rat testis, as its known physiological functions, seems come from the decreased level of testosterone by Leydig cells, followed by the abnomalities of Sertoli cells and the germ cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2008

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of dandelion water extract (DWE) on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups; normal control (C), DWE-control (DWE-C: saline injection after feeding 3% DWE diet), GalN-control (GalN-C: GalN injection after normal diet), DWE I (GalN injection after feeding 1.5% DWE diet), and DWE II (GalN injection after feeding 3% DWE diet). After 2 weeks, the acute hepatitis was induced by GalN (650 mg/kg, i.p.) and 24 hrs later, all rats were sacrificed. The DWE supplement ameliorated the serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, ALT) as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$. Hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities, such as catalase, GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase, and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were slightly or significantly elevated by the treatment of DWE. Moreover, the histological examination corresponded with these biochemical observations. According to these findings, dandelion could be used as a potential therapeutic material for treating chemically induced acute hepatitis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.385-398
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether stromal cells supporting specific microenvironment for hematopoiesis of bone marrow are affected by toxicants and therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics and anticancer drugs and whether laminin-1 is associated with such effects. SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 75 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide which is widely used to treat infant's solid tumor, leukemia and myeloma and sacrificed after 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks or 5 weeks of injection. The bone marrow extracted and paraffin-sectioned was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. A part of tissues was subjected to electron microscopy following reaction with rabbit anti-laminin antibody, biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with 12 nm gold particles, and staining with uranyl acetate. 1. The bone marrow tissue at day 3 post injection with cyclophosphamide displayed dilated venous sinus, partial necrotic death, and decreased number of hematopoietic cells. Laminin-1 was intensively stained in the reticular and adipose tissues. 2. Up to 5 weeks post injection, laminin-1 was stained at a low level in the stromal tissue of bone marrow and the number of hematopoietic cell was increased. 3. Deposition of the gold particle which represents laminin-1 expression was observed at the highest level in the stromal cells of bone marrow obtained 3 days after injection, and decreased after 1 to 5 weeks. These results suggest that stromal cells which play a role in supporting microenvironment for bone marrow hematopoiesis augment induction of laminin-1 expression and activation upon administration of cyclophosphamide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.430-435
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• 2009

The effects of turmeric and fermented turmeric by Bacillus natto on antioxidant activities, liver function recovery of acute hepatotoxicity mice, and serum lipid parameters in high fat diet fed mice were investigated. In the results of antioxidant activity by DPPH method, fermented turmeric had higher antioxidative activity than turmeric. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by 0.5 mL of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) per kg of mice. Unlike turmeric, fermented turmeric significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after 5 days compared to the controls with 0.5% methyl cellulose (p<0.05). In addition, higher recovery of liver damage by $CCl_4$ was observed in mice with fermented turmeric than with turmeric. High fat (20%) diet fed mice were divided into 4 groups to investigate the effects of turmeric and fermented turmeric on serum lipid parameters: C (vehicle), TuL (low dose (80 mg/kg) with turmeric), TuH (high dose (160 mg/kg) with turmeric), FTuL (low dose with fermented turmeric), and FTuH (high dose with fermented turmeric). The levels of LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced and increased in FTuL, FTuH and TuH groups compared to the C group, respectively. However, there was no significant change in triglyceride levels by either turmeric or fermented turmeric compared to those by control. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that fermented turmeric by Bacillus natto could be used as a functional food for enhancement of health with better consumer acceptance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.844-848
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• 2005

Background: Thoracic outlet syndrome(TOS) is caused by the compression of neurovascular structures that supply to the upper extremities. Only a few reports have been published in Korea, and this study attempts to investigate the clinical aspects and results of the patients who underwent surgical treatment. Material and Method: This study consist of 16 patients who underwent operations for thoracic outlet syndrome from May, 2002 to October, 2004. The surgical indications were confined to patients with: 1) symptom too severe to perform ordinary daily life because of pain, paresthesia, edema of upper extremities, 2) no improvement after proper physical therapy, 3) definite finding of compression confined by radiologic examinations (MRI, angiography, etc), and 4) no other diseases such as cervical intervertebral herniation, myositis, neurologic diseases below the brachial plexus. The surgical approaches were by transaxillary approaches in 12 cases, supraclavicular approaches in 2 cases, and infraciavicular approaches in 2 cases. Result: There were 15 males and one female with an average age of 23.9 years (range:19$\∼$39). Rib anomalies were observed in four cases (25.0$\%$), but the others had no abnormal ribs. Right lesions were found in eight cases (50.0$\%$), left lesions in five cases (31.3$\%$), and bilateral lesions in three cases (18.7$\%$). The follow-up period was 9$\∼$26 months and recurrence rate was 12.5$\%$ (2/16). Complications were one case of ulnar nerve palsy, one case of persistent pain despite radiologic improvement and three cases of wound dehiscence due to fat necrosis and hematoma. Conclusion: Although the choice of treatment in patients with TOS has been disputed, patients who have no response with proper physical therapies can benefit from the surgical treatment which may help patients to return to normal daily activity in shorter period of time.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2006

This survey was carried out to investigate the occurrence of reproductive disorders in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). The general management status such as barn type, feed intake, parity and type of reproductive disorders were examined in the Hanwoo farms. In this survey, the total incidence of reproductive disorders that was assessed from 54 Hanwoo farms was 11.6% (73/ 631). We first examined the incidence of reproductive disorders following herd size per farm. The rates of reproductive disorders in under 10 heads, 10 to 20 heads and over 20 heads were 25.2%, 9.4% and 8.3%, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of reproductive disorders in tie stall barn was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in free stall barn (14.9% vs. 8.1%). The major types of reproductive disorders were follicular cysts (21.8%), fat necrosis (21.8%), and repeat breeding (17.8%). The rate of reproductive disorders assessed by the parity tended to decrease as the parity increased. The relationship between incidence of reproductive disorders and body condition score (BCS) was investigated in 203 Hanwoo. The incidence of reproductive disorder was 80.0%, 8.8%, 9.4%, 10.0%, 33.3% and 57.1% at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 of BCS, respectively. These data show that the increase of herd size, barn type and BCS affect the incidence of reproductive disorders such as follicular cysts, fat necrosis and repeat breeding in Hanwoo.