• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.952-958
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• 2014

The present study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Sparassis crispa (SC) on mice fed a high-fat (HF, 45 kcal% fat) diet. Mice were fed either a normal control diet and an HF diet or an HF diet supplemented with SC (1%, 3%, and 5%) for 12 weeks. The consumption of an HF diet compared to the NC group resulted in increases in body weight, the food efficiency ratio (FER), retroperitoneal and subcutaneous fat weights, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, fecal fat, and liver lipids. However, the administration of SC significantly decreased body weight gain, food intake, FER, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and liver lipids in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, treatment with 5% SC significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, which are associated with the increased adipocyte size in mice fed an HF diet. Therefore, these results suggested that dietary supplementation with SC exerts anti-obesity effects and could be used as a functional food to control obesity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of 10%(w/w) of various dietary fiber, pectin(P), lignin(L), cellulose(C) and fiber-free (F) on lipid content of serum, liver and intestinal tissues in rats fed 10% coix oil (C)-or lard(L)-1% cholesterol diets for four weeks. The lard pectin(LP) group was the lowest In body weight gain and feed intake. Liver weight was not affected by dietary fiber and fat sources, and intestinal weight was higher in pectin(CP, LP) groups than in the other groups. Serum cholesterol was significantly lower in pectin(CP, LP) groups than in fiber-free(CF, LF) groups, and was higher in lard fiber-free(LF) than In the other groups(p＜0.05). Serum triglycerides was significantly lower in coix oil pectin(CP) and lignin(CL, LL) than in fiber-free(CF, LF) groups. Liver total lipid and cholesterol content was significantly lower In pectin than In lard fiber-free group, and liver triglycerides was lower in coix oil pectin(CP) than in fiber-free groups (p＜0.05). Lipid content of intestinal tissue was not affected by dietary fiber source. But total lipid and triglyceride content of intestinal tissues was significantly lower, and cholesterol content was higher in coix oil than in lard group(p＜0.05). These results indicate that pectin and lignin reduced serum cholesterol. Pectin also decreased total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride contents of liver in rats fed either coix oil-or lard-cholesterol diets whereas lignin did not affect liver lipid content.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Enterococcus faecalis MD366, isolated from raw milk, in diet-induced obese mice. To examine the effect, male C57BL/6J mice were fed for six weeks on three different diets, i.e., a normal diet and orally administrated saline solution (ND), a high-fat diet and orally administrated saline solution (HFD), and a high-fat diet and orally administrated E. faecalis MD366 ($10^9CFU/day$) in saline solution (HFD+MD366). After six weeks, the rate of increase in body weight was 18.1% lower in the HFD+MD366 group compared to that in the HFD group. In addition, the weight of epididymal fat pad in the HFD+MD366 group was lower than that in the HFD group. The average levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were slightly reduced in the HFD+MD366 group compared to those in the HFD group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups. Measuring the adipocytes revealed that the percentage of adipocytes with a size of $2,000{\mu}m^2$ was higher than the percentages of other size classes in ND and HFD+MD366 groups, while the percentage of adipocytes larger than $5,000{\mu}m^2$ was highest in the HFD group. The mean adipocyte size in the HFD+MD366 group was smaller than that in the HFD group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.641-649
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (PJT) powder on lipid metabolism and antioxidative activity in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: normal diet group (N), high-fat/high-cholesterol group (HFC), high-fat/highcholesterol with 5% PJT powder (HFC-PBL), and high-fat/high-cholesterol with 10% PJT powder (HFC-PBH). Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) increased in the HFC group, whereas they gradually decreased in the PJT powder-fed groups. Food intake was not significantly different between the experimental groups. Liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the N group, whereas the groups fed PJT powder showed gradual reduction of tissue weights. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity significantly decreased after PJT powder administration. Serum triglyceride level significantly decreased in groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level of the HFC group increased by 73.70% than that of the N group, whereas serum high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) tended to decrease in groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. Levels of triglycerides in epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues, as well as cholesterol levels in liver and adipose tissues were lower in the groups fed 10% PJT powder compared to the HFC group. The liver glutathione (GSH) level increased in the groups fed PJT powder compare to the HFC group. The liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content significantly decreased in the groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that PJT powder may improve lipid metabolism in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue and prevent oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidative systems in rats fed a high fat-high cholesterol diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 1984

The effect of fiber sources on lipid metabolism was investigated in relation to the level of dietary fat. After rats were fed each diet for 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to collect the liver, and blood samples by heart puncture. Total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipid and HDL- cholesterol were determined in serum. Total lipid and total cholesterol were also determined in liver. These results were compared with the histochemical appearances by the method of Oil red-O staining. Higher level of fat in the diet appeared to increase the total lipid levels in serum and more fat in the liver cells were shown from the high fat diet judging from the E.M. pictures. Phospholipid concentration in serum was greater in the rats of high fat groups than those of the control or non-fat groups. High fat level caused to decrease the HDL- cholesterol concentration in serum. Pectin decreased serum and liver lipids and the deposit of fat in the liver cells. HDL-cholesterol levels in serum was increased by pectin. Whereas the cellulose supplementation had no effect to reduce serum and liver total lipid levels, and cellulose did not decreased the deposit of fat in the liver cells. From these results, it is concluded that dietary fat levels led to changes in the lipid metabolism of rats and pectin may exhibit a lowering total lipid contents in serum and liver. Cellulose may slightly elevate serum and liver levels, or have no lowering effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.673-681
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• 2011

We investigated the effects of an ethanol extract of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. (loquat) leaves (EJ) on the lipid metabolism of serum, liver, and adipose tissue, and antioxidative activity in rats fed a fat/cholesterol diet for four weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 207 g were divided into 4 groups: a normal diet group (N), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group administered 200 mg/kg day EJ (HFC-EJL), and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group administered 400 mg/kg/day EJ (HFC-EJH). The serum ALT and AST activities of the EJ groups were lower than those of HFC group, but there was no significant change in serum ALP or LDH activities. The serum total and LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factor tended to be decreased in the EJ groups compared to the HFC group, while the serum HDL-cholesterol decreased in the HFC group and increased only minimally in the EJ groups. The total cholesterol in liver and mesenteric adipose tissues was lower in the EJ groups than in the HFC group. Triglycerides in the mesenteric and epididymal adipose tissues were lower in the EJ groups than in the HFC group. The liver GSH levels of the EJ groups were significantly lower than the HFC group. The liver TBARS content was significantly lower in the EJ groups than in the HFC group. These results suggest that EJ ethanol extract may improve the lipid metabolism of serum, liver, and adipose tissue and prevent oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidative systems in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.669-676
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Brassica rapa (BR) sprouts on weight reduction and cholesterol-lowering action in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks. Weight-matched male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups according to dietary fat levels (10% or 20% of diet wt.). Experimental groups were normal diet group (N), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet with 5% BR sprouts powder group (HF-BRL), and high fat diet with 10% BR sprouts powder group (HF-BRH). The body weight gain was increased in HF group, but gradually decreased to the corresponding level of the N group fed BR sprouts powder. The concentrations of serum LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor tended to decrease in the BR sprouts powder fed groups compared with the HF group. However, HDL-cholesterol concentration in serum decreased in the HF group and markedly increased in the BR sprouts powder fed groups. Concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in liver were also markedly decreased in the BR sprouts powder fed groups. Triglyceride concentrations of epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues in the BR sprouts powder fed groups were also decreased compared with the HF group. These results indicate that BR sprouts powder may reduce fat accumulation and body weight, and have cholesterol-lowering effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1604-1610
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• 2010

We investigated the anti-obesity effects of Foeniculum fructus water extract on body weight, epididymal adipocyte size, plasma lipid levels and activities of key enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Experimental groups were normal diet group (ND), high fat diet group (HFD), high fat diet with 0.05% orlistat group (HFDO), and high fat diet with 0.5% Foeniculum fructus group (HFDF). Eleven-weeks feeding with HFD resulted in significant increase in lipid levels, body weight, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weight, compared with the ND group. Diet containing Foeniculum fructus water extract significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations as well as body weight, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weights. Plasma LDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the HFDF group than those in HFDO group. LPL activities elevated by a high fat diet were significantly decreased by Foeniculum fructus water extract administration. ACS activities decreased in the high fat diet group and markedly increased in the Foeniculum fructus water extract administered group. All things considered, Foeniculum fructus water extract efficiently inhibits the inflow of fatty acid into the cell, and activates metabolic process that uses fatty acids flowing as an energy source. Thus, Foeniculum fructus water extract may have great potential as a novel anti-obesity agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.226-235
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the cholesterol lowering effect and weight reduction of autoclaved soy flour, cheonggulgang and doenjang, which are fermented using Bacillus subtilis DJI, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g, were divided into five groups; a normal diet group (N), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% autoclaved soy flour group (HFC-S), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% cheonggulgang group (HFC-CJ), and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% deonjang group (HFC-DJ). The body weight gain and adipose tissues weights increased in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, but decreased significantly in rats fed autoclaved soy flour, cheonggulgang and doenjang, compared with the HFC group. Food intake was lower in the all HFC groups (HFC, HFC-S.HFC-CJ and HFC-DJ) than that of the N group, However, there was no differences in the food intake between HFC diet groups. Serum triglyceride level increased with a high-fat/high-cholesterol dietgroup whereas HFC-CJ and HFC-DJ groups were markedly decreased serum triglyceride levels compared with N group. Levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and level of total cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in the HFC-S group, the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group than that of the HFC group, but exerted no significant change between the HFC groups on levels of total lipid and triglyceride in the liver. Fecal total lipid content increased in the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group than those of the HFC group and HFC-S group. The activities of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and total-extractable LPL in adipose tissues decreased in the HFC-S group, the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group compared with the HFC group. These results suggest that dietary cheonggulgang and doenjang may exert cholesterol-lowering effect and prevent obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1235-1243
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative activity (scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and superoxide anion radical) and anti-obesity effects of black bean chungkugjang extract (BBCE). DPPH free radical-scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$ value) of BBCE were $162.7{\pm}2.8$ ppm, and $205.62{\pm}3.6$ ppm, respectively. The anti-obesity effects of BBCE were investigated by measuring Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BBCE reduced the content of Oil Red O dye in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also examined the effects of BBCE on adiposity, serum lipid, and leptin levels in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Mice were fed the BBCE experimental diets for 7 weeks, after which they were sacrificed. ICR male mice were randomly divided into three groups, one normal diet group (ND group) and two high fat diet groups with or without BBCE supplementation (HFD group and HFD-BBCE group). The results showed that weight gain and the food efficiency ratio significantly decreased upon addition of BBCE compared to those of the HFD group. Further, white adipose tissue weights of epididymal, mesenteric, and retroperitoneal areas in the HFD-BBCE group were reduced to 34.8%, 7.1%, and 40.6%, respectively, compared to that of the HFD group. The serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and leptin in the HFD-BBCE group were significantly lower than those of the HFD group. Based on these results, it can be concluded that BBCE may have beneficial effects on reducing fat mass and serum lipid content.