• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.34-37
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• 1981

FSC는 상시지방적을 보유하는 특성을 가지고 있으므로 지방섭취세포(fat-storing cell, FSC)라고 명명되어으며 유동에 노출하는 성세포, 내피세포와 달리 이 세포의 유동면은 교원직유와 내피세포에서 유래하는 윤랑선에 의하여 피복된다. 더욱이 이 세포는 각종 척추동물에 존재한다는 사실이 확인 되었으며 그 지방적은 동물의 종류에 따라 특유한 형을 구비하는 동시에 개체차가 없다. FSC는 이물탐식성이 없으며 지방적을 함유한 성세포와는 위치적, 기능적으로 다르다는 것이 증명되었다. 발생학적으로는 간엽세포에 속하며 유사분제에 의하여 증식능력을 가지고 있다. 이 세포에는 glycogen이 증명되며 모든 지방세포의 실험이 나타나는 성적에서와 유사하게 항시 지방을 합성하여 종의 특유한 형을 가진 지방적으로서 저장됨을 시사하였다. 전현적관륜에 의하여 FSC가 유동주위강(disse腔) 속에 있어 성세포, 내피세포와는 달리 유동에 노출하지 않고 항상 내피세포층과 교원직유에 의하여 유동에서 격리됨을 추정하였다. 이로 인하여 많은 학자들에 의하여 FSC가 승인을 받았다. 오늘날에는 유동을 둘러싸고 있는 상재세포가 내피세포, 성세포 및 FSC의 3종임이 인증이 되었다. 이 세포의 미세구조상의 특징은 기저막이 없는 공허한 세포로 보이나 항상지방적(空胞)을 보유하고 잘 발달한 조면소포체를 가지며 유동내피면에 따라 분기확산하는 돌기를 가지고 있다. 그리고 세포체는 유동주위강을 달리는 무수신경직유의 varicosity (사립체 및 신경결합소포를 함유한 신경종말)와의 사이에 adrenalin 작동성 synaps를 형성한다. FSC의 기능적 의의는 ㄱ, 간소엽내 교원직유형성에 참여 ㄴ. 유동내피하 돌기는 내피를 외측에서 지지하고 보강하며 또한 유동을 둘러싸고 연장하는 돌기는 수축하여 유동강을 축소한다. ㄷ. 지방을 저장하여 간세포의 energe원을 공급하며 VitaminA를 그 속에 저장한다. ㄹ. 간의 해독작용에 관여한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) isomers, cis-9, cis-11(c9c11), cis-9, trans-11(c9t11), trans-9, trans-11(t9t11), trans-10, cis-12(t10c12) on differentiation of pig preadipocytes and myogenic satellite cells during culture. Cells were isolated from new born pigs. The t10c12 isomer decreased differentiation of pig preadipocytes(92%), but not that of myogenic cells. The t9t11 isomer decreased differentiation of preadipocytes(14%) and increased that of myogenic cells (26%). No other CLA isomers affected differentiation of preadipocytes or myogenic cells. The effects of CLA on proliferation of preadipocytes and myogenic cells were small, compared to the effects on differentiation. These results suggest that CLA isomers have different effects on differentiaton of pig preadipocytes and myogenic cells.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.126-131
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• 2022

Obesity is known as a metabolic disease caused by abnormal differentiation of fat tissue due to an imbalance between energy intake and consumption.. The purpose of this study was to confirm the changes in the genes associated with pancreatic lipase activity and pre-adipocyte cell differentiation by treatment of red onion extract treatment. The effect of red onion extract treatment on pre-adipocyte differentiation was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the activity of related genes was confirmed through Real-Time PCR. As a result of the experiment, the red onion extract inhibit pancreatic lipidase activity by concentration dependent manner. In addition, it was found to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and inhibit the activity of genes(C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, PPAR-γ) associated with adipocyte differentiation. Through the results of this experiment, it is suggested that the red onion extract can be developed as a high potential material with anti-obesity efficacy by suppressing adipocytic differentiation by controlling genes related to adipocyte differentiation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.693-702
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• 2023

The present study examined the rate of cell growth and differentiation potential into adipocytes in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to each adipogenic medium containing glucose metabolism hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid (GC) adrenal steroid hormone, as well as pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARγ agonist. Following each adipogenic treatment for 2 weeks, the rate of cell growth was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited, and the level of telomerase activity was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the PGZ-based adipogenic medium containing both T4 and GC hormone compared with those containing each T4 or GC hormone. Moreover, the adiposome-like vesicles were highly reacted with Oil-Red O staining solution, and the levels of transcripts expressed in the differentiating adipocytes for adipogenesis, including adinopectin, leptin, and resistin, were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the PGZ-based adipogenic medium containing both T4 and GC hormone compared with those of the adipogenic medium containing each T4 or GC hormone, implying that adipocytic differentiation has fully occurred in the A549 cancer cells. Based on present observations, the PGZ-based adipogenic medium containing both T4 and GC efficiently induces inhibition of cell growth and cellular differentiation into adipocytes in A549 cancer cells rather than in the adipogenic medium containing only T4 or GC hormone. Adipogenic treatment could provide potential probability in cancer chemotherapy.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2018

현대사회에서 스트레스, 환경오염 등으로 인하여 중년남성의 전유물로 여겨져 왔던 탈모가 젊은 사람들에게서도 나타나며, 탈모로 고민하는 인구가 약 700만 명 이상으로 추산되고 계속해서 증가하는 추세이다. 우리나라 탈모관련 시장은 현재 약 4조원 규모이며 지속적인 성장세에 있으며, 주로 한약재등 천연추출물을 혼합하여 제품화하였다. 본 연구에서는 어성초, 금잔화 70% 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 천연발모제 소재화를 목적으로 섬유아세포, 모유두세포, 지방전구세포에 대한 세포독성 및 지방전구세포 분화를 통한 발모 효능을 확인하여 약용작물을 이용한 향장품 소재화를 시도하고자 한다. 섬유아세포에 각 시료에 대한 세포 독성을 확인한 결과는 어성초 70% 에탄올 추출물을 50, 100, $500{\mu}g/mL$으로 처리하였을 때 107.3%, 109.6%, 128.2%로 세포 생존율이 증가하였다. 모유두세포에 대한 각 시료의 세포 독성은 나타나지 않았으며, 모발의 생육을 촉진하는 혈소판에서 유래하는 성장인자를 분비하여 모발 재생에 효과를 나타내는 지방전구 세포의 지방 분화 확인 결과 금잔화와 어성초 70% 에탄올 추출물을 $10{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처리하였을 때 각각 104.3%, 103.9%의 분화율을 나타내었고, 어성초 출물의 경우 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 지방분화율이 유의적으로 크게 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 육모용 모발제품 소재 개발을 위한 생약초 자원들의 in-vitro 육모활성관련 실험 결과 어성초와 금잔화는 각 세포에 대한 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, 어성초 70% 에탄올 추출물은 지방전구세포를 자극하여 지방 분화를 유도하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상과 같은 결과로 어성초와 금잔화 70% 에탄올 추출물은 탈모관련 향장품 개발 소재로 높은 가능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.837-843
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• 2013

Sasa borealis is a major source of bamboo leaves used for traditional medicine in Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem in industrialized countries that has been implicated in various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Recent reports have proposed mechanisms to reduce obesity by decreasing preadipocyte differentiation, and proliferation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The preadipocytes play a key role by differentiation into mature adipocytes and increasing fat mass. In this study, we investigated whether ethanol-soluble extracts and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions from Sasa borealis inhibits intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 cells (an important model system for studying adipogenesis). The down-regulation of PPAR${\gamma}$ and C/EBP${\alpha}$ (key adipogenic transcription factors) were confirmed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions from Sasa borealis attenuated the expression of PPAR${\gamma}$ and C/EBP${\alpha}$. These results suggest that Sasa borealis inhibits adipogenic differentiation by regulating adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, Sasa borealis extracts may be a good candidate for the management of obesity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1600-1605
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• 2008

This study was performed to verify the gene expression of 3T3-L1 using the siRNA of the aromatase gene, which is the estrogen synthesis enzymes. First of all three pairs of siRNA were designed from the CYP19A1 (aromatase) and analyzed the formation of fat cell mechanism by transferring gene to 3T3-L1 and differentiating it. As a result, the expression of leptin gene, which is the main gene causing the obesity, was controlled and the cause of the obesity is related with the insulin specifically. The overexpression of adiponectin and adipsin was observed. This result showed that the formation of the fat was controlled a little without any side effect by obstructing a specific material out of all the signal systems in the fat formation. This study will be an important clue to make it clear that the lack or overexpression of estrogen might be the cause of fat formation mechanism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2018

Obesity is epidemic worldwide and has reportedly been linked to the progression of several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The natural products are decreasing the side effects of medicines used for obesity and also have health benefits dut to their numerous bioactive compounds. In this context, Artemisia scoparia is a widespread plant that has been suggested as possessing various types of bioactivity. In this study, the crude extract from A. scoparia (ASE) was tested for its ability to suppress adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. The molecular pathway by which ASE affects differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was also investigated. The introduction of ASE to differentiating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes resulted in suppressed adipogenesis, as confirmed by decreased intracellular lipid accumulation. The differentiating cells treated with 10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of ASE showed 21.9 and 29.0% less lipid accumulation, respectively, than untreated adipocytes. In addition, the results indicated that ASE treatment lowered the expression of the adipogenesis-related factors $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and SREBP-1c. Furthermore, treating with ASE notably decreased levels of phosphorylated p38, ERK, and JNK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results indicate that ASE exhibits significant anti-adipogenesis activity by downregulating the MAPK and $PPAR{\gamma}$ pathways during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Therefore, A. scoparia may be a potential source of natural products against obesity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Little is known about roles of adipose tissue, although obesity is one of the potential risk factors in causing breast cancer and adipose tissue surrounding breast ductal cells is the largest organ. To identify the genes that are regulated by factors secreted from adipocytes in breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with the culture medium of adipocytes. In present study glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein ligand (GITRL) gene was studied among the induced genes. It was found that GITRL was significantly increased by the culture medium of adipocytes. Proteinase K-treated adipocyte culture supernatants failed to induce GITRL expression. These findings indicate that unknown protein factors are responsible for the induction of GITRL expression. The expression of GITRL did not affect the invasive ability of MDA-MB-231 cells, but coculture with NK92 expressing GITR suppressed the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2014

We investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-obesity effects of extracts from young Akebia quinata D. leaves, including hot water (AQH) and 80% ethanol (AQE) extracts. The inhibitory effects of AQH and AQE on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined by Oil Red O staining. Compared to control, lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by 18.3% with the treatment upon AQE at a concentration of $5{\mu}g/mL$. The levels of intracellular triglycerides and free glycerol were also reduced by 52.8% and 9.1% at the same concentration of AQE. The in vivo anti-obesity effect of AQE was evaluated in terms of body and white adipose tissue weights in ICR mice. Experimental groups were divided into the following five groups: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), high fat diet with 60 mg/kg/day of Orlistat (HFD-RF), high fat diet with 200 mg/kg/day of AQE (HFD-AL), and high fat diet with 600 mg/kg/day of AQE (HFD-AH). Feeding of HFD for eight weeks resulted in significant increases in body weight as well as weight gain compared to the ND group. HFD-AH group showed reduced body weight, weight gain, epididymal white adipose tissue weight, and perirenal white adipose weight as compared to the HFD group. These results indicate that AQE supplementation might have beneficial effects on anti-obesity by inhibiting lipid accumulation.