• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1559-1570
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• 2002

Purpose : There has been no exact answer to the question of when to discontinue antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) in children with well-controlled epilepsy for a long period. This study is about the risk factors of relapse after withdrawal of AEDs in seizure(Sz)-free patients to show a guideline for discontinuation of AEDs. Methods : One hundred and sixty-nine children were diagnosed as epileptic at the Pediatric Dept. of Kyung-Hee Univ. between 1993 to 1998, in whom AEDs had been withdrawn after at least two years of Sz-free period. Univariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate analysis using Cox-proportional hazard model were performed for sixteen risk factors. Results : Forty-nine of the 169 patients(28.9%) had recurrence of Szs. The mean follow-up after withdrawal of AEDs was 4.1 years, mean treatment period was 4.1 years, and the mean Sz-free period was 3.3 years. Factors associated with an increased risk of relapse were young age at onset, symptomatic Sz, Sz type in West and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, neurologic deficit, longer Sz-controlling period, shorter total treatment period, number of AEDs used(more than one drug), age at withdrawal of AEDs, and Sz-free period less than two years in univariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier mothod. From multivariate analysis, the factors indicating a significantly higher relapse risk were pre-treatment period after first Sz attack, Sz-controlling period, Sz-free period, number of AEDs used, neurologic abnormalities. Conclusion : For epileptic children who were Sz-free for more than two years, and were more than six-years-old, the discontinuation of AEDs should be considered positively, according to age of onset, Sz type, age at withdrawal of AEDs, total treatment period, Sz-controlling period, number of AEDs used, etiology, neurologic deficit, and the wishes of the patients and the their parents.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.197-207
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the oral health status and health care of elderly people on their self-rated health(SRH). The subjects on this study were 479 senior citizens who were at the age of 65 and up and resided in the city of Busan. They got a dental checkup, and a survey was conducted by having an one-on-one interview. After the collected data were analyzed, the following findings were given: The senior citizens were diagnosed with a mean of 1.43 systemic diseases, and hypertension(51.8%) was the most prevalent disease among them, followed by diabetes(25.1%), arthritis(41.8%), oral diseases(75.6%), stroke(9.0%) and heart diseases(15.9%). Their self-rated health was better when they were male, when they were aged between 65 and 69, when there was someone with whom they lived, when they were better educated and when they owned their own houses. But their self-rated health was poorer when they felt more oral symptoms, when they had more missing teeth and when they needed both of maxillary and mandibular dentures. Their self-rated health was more positively affected when they were better educated($\beta$=0.894), when they owned their own houses($\beta$=4.220), when they got a dental checkup on a regular basis($\beta$=2.997) and when the rate of their functional tooth was larger($\beta$=0.081). And that was more negatively influenced when they had a denture($\beta$=-1.110), when they had more oral symptoms($\beta$=-1.590) and when they had more systemic diseases($\beta$=3.363). There is a close relationship between the oral health and self-rated health of elderly people. Therefore how to promote their oral health should carefully be considered.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

Malignant histiocytosis(MH)-like hemophagocytic syndrome(HS) is a fatal complication of nasal angiocentric lymphoma(AL) and difficult to distinguish from MH. Ten of total 42 patients with nasal AL had HS and 9 of them were initially suspected to have MH. Five patients had HS as initial manifestation, 3 at the time of relapse, and 2 during the clinical remission of lymphoma. Four patients were treated by combination chemotherapy(CHOP) and others had only supportive care. Immunohistochemical study and in situ hybridization were performed on the specimen obtained from 10 patients. The median survival of all patients from HS was 18 days(range 2 - 44 days) and all had fatal outcome regardless of the treatment-modality. All cases were positive for UCHL1(CD45RO) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by EBER in situ hybridization. MH-like HS is a fatal complication of nasal AL and has a high association with EBV. Reactivation of EBV may contribute to HS and further investigation of predictive factors and effective treatment of HS should be pursued in future.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-129
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• 2000

The cause that the increase of animality fat intakes, under exercise, fatness, adding the stress, advanced age etc., the occurrence rate of the circulation system disease has been increased. And the thrombosis importantly came to the front as the risk factor of these circulation system's disease. Nowadays, the ischemic disease has especially discussed, for example the angina or myocardial infarction, originated in thrombosis that came from the platelet aggregation. In the western medicine, as the cure and prevention, using the aspirin or ticlopidine for platelet aggregation suppressant. But in the , the curing method must be used properly according to the pectoralgia or heartache's kind, state, grade. The platelet do not attache to the normal hemangioendothelial cell. But when it stimulated by endothelium peronia and so on, it attache to the injury endothelium or rise aggregation between the platelet. On this time, it secrete the platelet aggregation inducer as like ADP, thromboxane A2 from the inside of platelet. So it has first defensive function through the aggregation augment that prevent the celerity consumption of blood. But the activation of abnormal platelet occur the platelet grume and thrombogenesis. So it bring up the occlusive angiosis, so to speak, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, arterial sclerosis. In oriental medicine, the thrombosis in the category of blood stasis and this blood stasis present the generalise or local blood circulation disturbance that generated by all kinds of pathological fact or blood stream retention accompanying with a series of syndrome. As the syndrome, stabbing pain fixed at certain region, squamous and dry skin, fullness and pain of the chest and hypochondrium, firmness and fullness of the lower abdomen, black stool, dark purple tongue or with ecchymoses and petechiae etc.. has been created. And it becomes the pathopoiesis cause that the convulsion and palpitation, severe palpitatiion, tympanites, the symtom complex with a mass or swelling in the abdomen, insanity, stricken by wind etc.. Moreover, it used the drugs for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis or drugs for removing blood stasis for all kinds of syndrome through the blood stasis. And the drugs for activating the blood circulation, such as Salviae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Persicae Semen, Achyranthis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Carthami Flos are used for that. And it is used to the herbs of insects that has strong effect about the disintergrating blood stasis such as Hirudo, Scolopendrae Corpus, Buthus, Lumbricus etc.. On this study, It used Geijibokryunghwan(GBH) and the consisting herbs to investigate the influence of platelet aggregation about drugs that used to improvement various symptoms created by the thrombosis in oriental medicine. GBH formula has as formula recorded in the , action of 'eleminating the evil and not impairment of healthy energy' and 'promoting the flow of QI and cold and heat, so used for the expel blood stasis herbs from the ancient. Therefore we investigated the restraint effect of GBH and the consisting herbs about the platelet agregation induced to the ADP, AA or collagen. The conclusion is following. 1. When it added the aggregation inducer after that it added GBH and individual consisting herbs in the PRP, GBH showed the (+) inhibition effect on the platelet aggregation and it showed the (+) inhibition effect in the individual consisting herbs as like Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis. 2. It showed the (+), (+,++) inhibition effect on the platelet aggregation in Paeoniae Radix Hoelen, Paeoniae Radix Moutan Cortex Radicis, Hoelen Moutan Cortex Radicis etc. 3. In the aggregation inhibition activating on the difference of density, GBH showed strong inhibition effect to the aggregation state induced to collagen, and it showed the inhibition effect in the individual consisting herbs as like Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis about the aggregation induced by the collagen. 4. It showed the strong inhibition effect about the aggregation induced by the collagen in Paeoniae Radix Hoelen, Paeoniae Radix Moutan Cortex Radicis, Hoelen Moutan Cortex Radicis etc Like this, as confirm GBH and the individual consisting herb's inhibition effect of platelet aggregation, We considerated that GBH and the individual consisting herbs have practical applicational value of clinical trial in the thrombosis caused by platelet aggregation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.481-491
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• 1995

Background: Recently there has been a trend of an increasing incidence of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis(MTL) in adults. MTL often cause bronchial stenosis or esophago-mediastinal fistula. In spite of effective treatment, it is difficult to cure. Moreover, relapse frequently occurs. Authors analyzed chest CT findings and clinical features of 29 cases with MTL Methods: 29 cases with MTL were retrospectively studied with the clinical and radiologic features from April 1990 to March 1995 Results: 1) A total of 29 cases were studied. 12 cases were male and 17 cases were female. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 Mean age was 29 years old. The 3rd decade(45%) was the most prevalent age group 2) The most common presenting symptoms and signs were palpable neck masses(62%) followed by cough(59%) and sputum(38%) 3) Except in one case of MTL, all patients had coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis, cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis, endobronchial tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy. Among the coexisting tuberculous diseases, Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common(76%) 4) On simple chest X-ray, mediastinal enlargement was noted in 21 cases(72%), but it was not noted in 8 cases(28%). The most frequently involving site was the paratracheal node in 16 cases(72%). Rt side predominence(73%) was noted 5) Patterns of node appearance on a postcontrast CT scan were classified into 3 types. There were 19 cases(30%) of the Homogenous type, 30 cases(47%) of the Central low density type and 15 cases(23%) of the Peripheral fat obliteration type. The most common type was the central low density type. The most common lymph node size was 1~2 cm(88%) 6) The most frequently involved site was the paratracheal node in 26 cases(89%) by chest CT. Rt side(63%) was predominant 7) 9 cases(43%) had complete therapy and most common treatment duration was 13 - 18 months. 12 cases(57%) had incomplete continuing antituberculous medication and half of the cases had been treated above 19 months. Conclusion: Chest CT findings of MTL showed central low density area and peripheral rim enhancement, so this characteristic findings could differentiate it from other mediastinal diseases and help a diagnosis of tuberculosis. In spite of effective antituberculous medication, it is difficult to cure. Moreover, relapse frequently occurs. Further studies will be needed of the clinical features and the treatment of MTL.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.967-970
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• 2008

The liver cancer in our country cancerous occurrence frequency to be the gastric cancer in the common cancer, to initially at second unique condition or symptom after the case which is slowly advanced without gets condition many the case which will be diagnosed in the liver cancer, most there was not a reasonable treatment method especially and if what kind of its treated and convalescence of the patient non quantity one, the case which will be discovered in early rising the treatment record was considered seriously about under the early detection. The system which it sees with the system for the early detection of the liver cancer reacts the blood of the control group other than the patient who is confirmed as the liver cancer and the liver cancer to the bio chip and bio chip Profiles mechanical studying leads and it is a system which it classifies. 1149 each other it reacted blood samples of the control group other than the liver cancer patient who is composed of the total 50 samples and the liver cancer which is composed of 100 samples to the bio chip which is composed with different oligo from the present paper and it was a data which it makes acquire worker the neural network it led and it analyzes the classification efficiency of the result $92{\sim}96%$ which it was visible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 나일틸라피아, Oreochomis niloticus를 대상으로 염화나트륨, 포르말린 및 과망간산칼륨에 의한 24시간 급성독성 조사를 실시하였다. 부화 후 14일의 양식산 나일틸라피아 치어(평균 전장 14.8±1.1 mm, 평균 체중 0.05±0.01 g)를 공시어로 사용하였다. 3반복 실험 후의 각 농도에 따른 24시 간 LC/sub 50/ 값과 95% 유의수준에서의 상한치와 하한치는 Litchfield and Wilcoxon 법(US EPA, 1978)에 따른 'probit analysis' software로 계산하였다. 각 처리군의 24시간 LC/sub 50/은 매우 좁은 농도 범위 내에서 급성독성 값에 대한 신뢰범위가 결정되었으며, 처리 농도 증가에 따라 매우 유의한 농도 의존성을 나타내었다. 대조군 나일틸라피아 치어는 희석수에 24시간 처리시 모두 생존하였다. 염화나트륨의 24시간 LC/sub 50/ 값은 18.6‰ 이었으며 95% 신뢰한계의 상한치는 18.7‰, 하한치는 18.5‰ 이었다. 포르말린의 24시간 LC/sub 50/ 값은 152 ppm 이었으며 95% 신뢰한계의 상한치는 156 ppm, 하한치는 148 ppm 이었다. 과망간산칼륨의 24시간 LC/sub 50/ 값은 2.09 ppm 이었으며 95% 신뢰한계 상한치는 2.11 ppm, 하한치는 2.07 ppm 이었다. 포르말린과 과망간산칼륨의 24시간 처리시 죽은 나일틸라피아 치어 개체들은 공통적으로 호흡 장애로 기인된다고 판단되는, 아가미덮개 열림과 아울러 입이 열렸고, 표피 점액에 손상을 입는 독성 증후를 보였다. 본 연구 결과와 더불어 앞으로, 1시간 혹은 2시간의 영향농도(Effect concentration) 파악, stage 민감도 조사, 처리 시간 및 처리 환경을 달리한 급성독성에 관한 연구가 필요할 것이다.}C$에서 전반적으로 증가하였으며, 저 수온인 15$^{\circ}C$는 4 시간까지 낮아지다가 이후 증가 되었다. Hb농도는 3$0^{\circ}C$및 $25^{\circ}C$에서 전반적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 4 시간째 일시적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 15$^{\circ}C$에서는 4시간째까지는 감소되었다가 6 시간째에는 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 증가된 경향은 온도가 높아질수록 용존 산소의 포화도가 낮아져 산소부족 요인에 의해 적혈구수의 증가와 함께 Ht수치도 높아지며 아가미운동을 통한 혈액으로의 산소운반이 능동적으로 이루어지고 있음을 나타내고 있다. 혈장 코티졸의 농도는 $25^{\circ}C$에서는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 1$0^{\circ}C$및 3$0^{\circ}C$에서는 1 시간까지 증가되었다가 회복되는 경향을 나타내었다. 신장에서의 SOD활성은 $25^{\circ}C$인 경우 대조구보다 높은 값을 유지하였다. 하지만, 30도에서는 4 시간째까지 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 저온인 1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 감소하였다. 간장에서의 CAT의 활성은 3$0^{\circ}C$인 경우 4시간까지 $25^{\circ}C$ 및 15$^{\circ}C$에서는 2 시간까지 증가하였다가 이후 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 고ㆍ저 수온변화에 따른 스트레스가 장기화될 경우 어체의 건강상에 문제점의 발생하여 대량 폐사 및 질병발생의 야기될 것으로 사료된다.은 먹이 공급 6시간 후 가장 높은 값인 44.19$\pm$

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2010

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is defined as the onset of allergic symptoms during, or immediately after, exercise, the clinical signs being various degrees of urticaria, angioedema, respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, and even anaphylactic shock. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a specific variant of exercise-induced anaphylaxis that requires both vigorous physical activity and the ingestion of specific foods within the preceding several hours. To describe the physiopathologic mechanism, etiologic factors, and clinical manifestations, we evaluated the supplementation of vitamin C and catalase on spleen index, proliferation assay, ROS, and ASAS in sensitized and exercise trained mice. The results were as follows: Spleen index showed the highest level in the ST12 group compared to other groups; this level increased in a time dependent manner and in significant amounts. In proliferation assay of Med and OVA, the ST12 group showed the highest level compared to other groups; this level also increased in a time dependent manner. On the other hand, spleen ROS did not show a statistically significant difference, and peritoneal ROS showed the highest level in the ST12 group. ASAS showed the highest level in the ST12 compared to the S; this was also in a time dependent manner and in significant amounts. From the results, we chose the ST9 and ST12 groups to evaluate allergy anaphylaxis with supplementation of Vitamin C and catalase. In both the ST9 and ST12 groups, peritoneal ROS and ASAS were lower in vitamin C treatment group than in the catalase treatment group. This was a statistically significant difference. From the results, allergy anaphylaxis showed a higher level in the long trained group than in the short trained group. Also, treatment with vitamin C was more effective in lowering allergy anaphylaxis than catalase treatment.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify clinical characteristics of oncologic patients at a point when they signed their do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. Methods: From January through December 2014, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 197 patients who passed away after agreeing to a DNR order in the hemato-oncology department of a tertiary hospital. Results: Of all, 121 patients (61.4%) were male and 76 (38.6%) were female, and their average age was 58.7 years. Ninety-four patients (47.7%) had gastrointestinal cancer. The ECOG performance status at admission was grade 3 in 76 patients (36.5%) and grade 4 in 11 (5.6%). The patients' mean hospital stay was 20 days. The mean duration from the admission to DNR decision was 13 days, and the mean duration from DNR decision to death was seven days. Conclusion: Study results indicate that a decision on signing or refusing a DNR order was made by medical staff mostly based on the opinions of patients' guardians rather than the patients themselves. This suggests that patients' own wishes are not well respected. Thus, it is urgent to establish institutional devices to enhance cancer patients' autonomy regarding DNR and to define an adequate timing for withdrawal of treatments.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to delve into how to provide better and more oral health education to middle school students, and to boost school oral health projects. The subjects in this study were 430 middle schoolers. After their oral health awareness, knowledge and oral health care were investigated, the following findings were given: 1. Concerning concern for oral health, 56.7 percent were oral health conscious, and as many as 43.2 percent were little or never concerned about it. 2. As to subjective oral health status, 36.7 percent found their own oral health status to be good, and 63.3 percent had a periodontal disease or felt that there was something wrong with their oral health. Regarding self-assessed abnormal oral symptoms, 25.8 percent considered themselves to have an abnormal symptom related to temporomandibular joint, and approximately 30 percent thought there was something wrong with their gums. 3. As for toothbrushing habits, the number of the girls who brushed their teeth after lunch was statistically significantly far larger than that of the boys who did. There were some differences between the boys and girls in toothbrushing method and in which part of the oral cavity they brushed. 4. In regard to oral health knowledge, the girls(a mean of 7.05) significantly excelled the boys(6.36). Those who were more oral health conscious got significantly better scores in oral health knowledge. 5. In terms of dental-clinic visit experiences, the students who had ever visited a dental clinic took in less sugar and got a more frequent regular dental checkup(2.62, 2.50) than the others who hadn't(2.32, 1.74).