• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2016

Purpose: The relationship between retinal conditions such as macular thickness and retinal volume of the eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC) and visual acuity was investigated. Methods: A total of 136 eyes from 78 subjects was divided into 5 groups: CSC eyes under treatment and its asymptomatic contralateral eyes, fully cured CSC eyes after the diagnosis and its contralateral, and normal eyes. Their uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), retinal thickness and retinal volume were further examined. Results: All of UCVA, BCVA, retinal thickness and retinal volume of CSC eyes under treatment were significantly different from those of asymptomatic contralateral eyes, fully cured CSC eyes and normal eyes. BCVA of the asymptomatic contralateral eyes was not significantly different from it of normal eyes, however, its retinal thickness and volume were significantly different from those of normal eyes. Increased degree of retinal volume along with the increase of retinal volume was greater in CSC eyes and its asymptomatic contralateral eyes, fully cured CSC eyes and its contralateral eyes than normal eyes. Conclusions: From the present study, it was revealed that the retinal thickness and volume of asymptomatic contralateral eyes of CSC increase as well as CSC eyes, and the change of BCVA due to CSC occurs only when the retinal thickness and volume increase in some extent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.459-469
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine different patterns of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and caregiver burden according to dementia type. Data were collected from June 2014 to December 2014 from five nursing homes. In all, 214 patients [131 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 83 patients with Vascular dementia (VD)] were included in the study. BPSD and caregiver burden data were examined using NPI-NH (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home Version). According to the results, both the AD and VD group showed the highest frequency in apathy/indifference and the frequency of anxiety, elation/euphoria, and irritability/lability was significantly higher in the AD group than in the VD group. The difference in total BPSD composite scores between the AD and VD groups was not significant but agitation/aggression was significantly higher in the AD group than in the VD group. The mean score for caregiver burden was significantly higher in the AD group than in the VD group, particularly in agitation/aggression. In conclusion, BPSD differed according to dementia type, and nurses should provide specific interventions to control BPSD; a program to reduce caregiver burden according to dementia type is also needed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of time of hand-thinning on vegetative growth, bitter pit incidence, fruit quality, and return bloom in 'Gamhong'/M.9 apple trees. The time of hand-thinning were 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks after full bloom, and the primary thinning (leaving only the king fruit on cluster) and secondary thinning (adjusting crop load) were conducted at the same time. The time of hand-thinning was correlated to the vegetative growth, average fruit wight, yield, soluble solids content, bitter pit incidence, and return bloom, negatively, and to the yield of middle grade fruits (fruit weight was 250-299g and none pit on fruit surface) per tree, calcium contents of leaves, and fruit red color, positively. There was no significant effect of time of hand-thinning on fruit firmness, titratable acidity, and total incomes per tree. In conclusion, if the time of hand-thinning of 'Gamhong'/M.9 apple tree was completed at 9 weeks after full bloom, it could produce about 300g of high-quality fruit without bitter pit.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 2015

Melon leaves showing yellowing symptoms were analyzed using electron microscopy and RT-PCR for major cucurbit-infecting-viruses (CMV, MNSV, CGMMV, SqMV, WMV, KGMMV, PRSV and ZYMV) reported in Korea, but these viruses were not detected. As the result of further analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS), the virus was identified as Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), and then confirmed by RT-PCR using CABYV-specific primers. When photosynthetic capacity was measured based on chlorophyll fluorescence yield (ChlFY), the leaves of the diseased plants showed $4.09{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, which was one-third of the readings observed for unaffected normal plants ($12.36{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$). The root functions of plants affected by leaf yellowing symptoms (LYS) was $0.28mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, about half that measured for the normal unaffected plants ($0.48mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$). Cytological observations revealed that there were no morphological differences in the palisade parenchyma and mesophyll spongy cells of the leaves between the diseased and the normal plants. However, the same leaf cells of the affected plants contained more starch granules compared to those of the normal, unaffected plants. We conclude that the LYS of muskmelon is not merely a physiological disorder but a viral disease caused by CABYV and spread by aphids.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2008

The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the efficiency on the oral health training of elderly adults who have experienced the oral health training program at welfare institutions in An-yang city, Korea. A total of 451 adults (aged 65 or more) were selected and surveyed by the self-reporting questionnaire that consist of 4 items and socio-economic general characteristics (gender, age). Oral health indices were produced by using the SPSS. The percentage of perceived oral health status that felt poor or very poor was decreased about 8.5% than before and the frequency of perceived oral symptom was decreased too and the practice rate and satisfaction with oral health training was significantly increase than before. Oral health promotion of the elderly adults at welfare institutions in An-yang city should focused on the constant attention the means of the preventive oral health training program.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.529-535
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• 1998

Background: Interleukin-4 plays an important role in pathogenesis of asthma, especially in developing atopy by means of switching B lymphocytes to produce IgE. It has been shown that there is polymorphism in the Interleukin-4 promoter region, transversion of cytosine to thymine at-598 from translation initiation site of IL-4 gene. There has also been quite a few works to reveal the role of the polymorphism of IL-4 gene in patients with asthma. We performed this investigation to determine the role of the polymorphism in the severity of symptoms of patients with asthma. We also examined the frequency and the type of the polymorphism in asthmatics compared with non-asthmatics as well. Method: The subjects enrolled in this study were 49 asthmatics and 33 non-asthmatics. All the asthmatics were classified as mild and moderate to severe by the NHLBI/WHO Workshop. DNA from both asthmatics and non-asthmatics was extracted, then performed ARMS(Amplification Refractory Mutation System) as well as RFLP using BsmFl restriction enzyme in order to confirm the polymorphism of Il-4 gene. Results: There was no significant difference in the occurrence of polymorphism of the IL-4 promoter sequence between asthm and non-asthma groups(P=0.7). Among those with polymorphisms, the number of C/C type was slightly more than C/T type in both asthmatics and non-asthmatics, 26 vs 21 in asthmatics and 18 vs 15 in non-asthmatics, which was, however, insignificant statistically. No significant relationship between the severity of asthma and the polymorphism was found(P=0.7). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the severity of asthma and the IL-4 promoter polymorphism(P=0.709). Interestingly, the frequency of the polymorphism in both asthmatics as well as non-asthmatics was found to be even higher than that occurred in Caucasians. However, no significant difference in the frequency of the polymorphism was found in both groups.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the premenstrual changes and stress perception in women with premenstrual changes($PMC^+$)(n=32) and those without premenstrual changes($PMC^-$)(n=62) by using prospective method. Method : The women who were older than 30 years of age and healthy were asked to complete a daily rating form based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for one menstrual cycle to assess the changes of psychological and physical symptoms across the menstrual cycle. They also completed 5-point likert scale to assess the perception of stress. Percent changes method was used to assess changes between follicular phase and luteal phase. Results : 1) No significant differences were found in demographic factors(age, education, marriage, employment) and risk factors(onset ages of menarche, regularities of premenstrual changes, duration of menstruation, cycle length, amount of menstruation, dysmenorrhea) between women with and without premenstrual changes. 2) There was a significant difference in mean luteal phase stress score between women with($1.92\pm0.63$) and without premenstrual changes($1.51\pm0.42$)(p<0.05). However no difference was found in mean follicular phase stress score between two groups($PMC^+$ : $1.67\pm0.43$, $PMC^-$ : $1.33\pm0.39$). 3) We divided women having premenstrual changes into two groups, higher stress group(stress score > 1.75(median)) and the lower stress group(stress score <1.75(median)). The higher stress group reported more luteal psychological symptoms than did the lower stress group(df=1, F=13.362, p<0.001). However, the groups did not differ in physical symptoms. Conclusion : In women with premenstrual changes, luteal stress score was higher than follicular stress score and this result suggested tha the perception of stress was related to psychological symptoms but not physical symptoms. These findings suggested that premenstrual change is associated with the stress level, and that it is important to manage the stress which is focused on the management of psychological symptom in the treamtment of prementrual syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate diet-related Quality of Life (QOL) and to analyze the relationship among diet-related QOL, dietary regimen practice, health-related QOL, and gastrointestinal symptoms in hemodialysis patients. Subjects were recruited from an artificial kidney center in Seoul. The self-report questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, diet-related QOL, compliance with dietary regimen practice, health-related QOL, and gastrointestinal symptoms was distributed. Diet-related QOL includes a 'Quality of Life and Related to Dietary Change Questionnaire', 'Satisfaction Survey', and 'Dietary Impact Survey'. According to their responses, participants had experienced the greatest difficulty with 'Dietary Impact'. In particular, the mean score for general health was low. Association of dietary regimen practice showed a positive association with 'Cost' and 'Self-care' score. In addition, diet-related QOL showed positive correlation with health-related QOL, particularly in 'taste'. Scores for 'Taste', 'Convenience', and 'Dietary Impact' were lower for subjects with constipation compared to those of subjects without constipation. Scores for 'Taste' and 'Dietary Impact' were lower in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome compared to those of subjects without the syndrome (p < 0.05). Diet-related QOL showed a positive association with health-related QOL (p < 0.05), whereas it showed a negative association with constipation (p < 0.01). In conclusion, hemodialysis patients in Korea suffer from burden of dietary regimen practice and most scores for diet-related QOL and health-related QOL from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were low. Therefore, appropriate nutrition education considering gastrointestinal symptoms is necessary for improvement of patients' QOL during dietary regimen practice.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2012

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to investigate the independent effects of major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia on somatization, respectively. Methods: A total of 181 participants (73 males and 108 females ; mean age $41.59{\pm}8.92$) without serious medical problem were recruited from a community and a psychiatric clinic in Republic of Korea. Subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorder (SCID-IV) and sleep questionnaire : 1) normal controls (n=127), 2) primary insomnia (n=11), 3) MDD without insomnia (n=14), and 4) MDD with insomnia (n=29). All participants were requested to complete the somatization subscores of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: There were significant between-group differences in somatization score (F=25.30, p<0.001). Subjects with both MDD and insomnia showed higher somatization score compared to normal control (p<0.001), subjects with primary insomnia (p=0.01), or MDD subjects without insomnia (p<0.001). Subjects with primary insomnia had higher somatization score than normal controls (p<0.01), while there was no significant difference between MDD subjects without insomnia and normal controls. In multiple regression, presence of insomnia predicted higher somatization score (beta=0.44, p<0.001), while there was only non-significant association between MDD and somatization (beta=0.14, p=0.08). Conclusion: In the current study, insomnia was associated with somatization independently from major depression. Subjects with primary insomnia showed higher somatization. Within MDD patients, presence of insomnia was related to higher somatization. Our finding suggests that insomnia may partly mediate the relationship between depression and somatization.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.307-311
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• 1986

Beh,cet's disease was originally described as a triple symptom complex of oral aphthous ulceration, genital ulceration, and hypopyon iritis. It is now known to have a wide systemic manifestations. Among them, the central nervous system involvement should be diagnosed earlier because of it's lethal potential. Recently the authors experienced a case of Behcet's disease with CNS involvement. A 51-year-old female patient was admitted due to deterioration of mentality and generalized ache since 2 years prior to admission. The findings on physical examination were compatible with Behcet's disease, but without cerebrospinal pleocytosis. The manifestations were improved with medications of prednisolone, chlorambucil, colchicine, but relapsed 2 months later during subsequent tapering of prednisolone and chlorambucil. The patient is now on medication again. A case of Beh,cet's disease with CNS manifestations is reported with review of literature.