• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-193
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• 2015

Owing to causes such as population aging, increased use of various medical devices, long-term hospitalization of various patients with reduced immune function such as cancer, diabetes, and organ transplant patients, and the growing size of hospitals, hospital infections are continuing to increase. As seen in the MERS crisis of 2015, hospital infections have become a social and national problem. In order to prevent damage due to such hospital infections, it is necessary to first strictly implement measures to prevent hospital infections, while, on the other hand, providing proper relief of damage suffered due to hospital infections. However, the mainstream attitude of judicial precedents relating to hospital infection cases has been judged to in fact shift responsibility over damages due to hospital infections on the patient. In light of the philosophy of the damage compensation system, whose guiding principle if the fair and proper apportionment of damages, there is a need to seek means of drastically relaxing the burden of proof on the patient's side relative to conventional legal principles for relaxing the burden of proof, or the theory of de facto estimation. In relation to such need, the German civil code (Burgerliches Gesetzbuch), which defines contracts of medical treatment as typical contracts under the civil code, and has presumption of negligence provisions stipulating that, in cases such as hospital infections which were completely under the control of the medical care providers, if risks in general medical treatment have been realized which cause violations of the life, body, or health of patients, error on the part of the person providing medical care is presumed, was examined. Contracts of medical treatment are entered into very frequently and broadly in the everyday lives of the general public, with various disputes owing thereto arising. Therefore, it is necessary to, by defining contracts of medical treatment as typical contracts under the civil code, regulate the content of said contracts, as well as the proof of burden when disputes arise. If stipulations in the civil code are premature as of yet, an option may be to regulate through a special act, as is the case with France. In the case of hospital infection cases, it is thought that 'legal presumption of negligence' relating to 'negligence in the occurrence of hospital infections,' which will create a state close to equality of arms, will aid the resolution of the realistic issue of the de facto impossibility of remedying damages occurring due to negligence in the process of occurrence of hospital infections. Also, even if negligence is presumed by law, as the patient side is burdened with proving the causal relationships, such drastic confusion as would occur if the medical care provider side is found fully liable if a hospital infection occurs may be avoided. It is thought that, alongside such efforts, social insurance policy must be improved so as to cover the expenses of medical institutions having strictly implemented efforts to prevent hospital infections in the event that they have suffered damages due to a hospital infection accident, and that close future research and examination into this matter will be required.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.463-465
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• 2008

세계 전력 시장의 흐름은 기존의 수직 통합적 구조를 벗어나 발전, 송전, 배전, 판매가 나누어진 형태로 변화하고 있다. 이에 따라 전력 거래에 있어서도 시장지배력에 대한 문제가 발생 됨에 따라 이에 대한 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 전력 시장에서는 송전 제약으로 인하여 자유로운 거래가 이루어 지지 않고, 따라서 통상적으로 시장지배력을 완화시킬 수 있는 수단으로 여겨졌던 시장 계약이 되려 시장지배력을 강화시킬 수도 있게 되었다. 이에 대한 2모선에서의 해석적 증명은 이미 이루어졌으며 이 논문에서는 일반화를 위해 3모선에서의 영향을 MATLAB 이라는 툴을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 하여 접근한다. 송전 제약 상황에서 3모선에서의 강제적 선도계약 참여와 발전회사의 선별적 선도계약 참여에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.540-541
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• 2008

세계 전력 시장의 흐름은 기존의 수직 통합적 구조를 벗어나 발전, 송전, 배전, 판매가 나누어진 형태로 변화하고 있다. 이에 따라 전력 거래에 있어서도 시장지배력에 대한 문제가 대두되고 있다. 전력시장에서는 송전 제약으로 인하여 자유로운 거래가 이루어지지 않고, 따라서 통상적으로 시장지배력을 완화시킬 수 있는 수단으로 여겨졌던 시장 계약이 되려 시장지배력을 강화시킬 수도 있게 되었다. 이에 대한 2모선에서의 해석적 증명은 이미 이루어졌으며 이 논문에서는 일반화를 위해 3모선에서의 영향을 EMCAS라는 툴을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 하여 접근한다. 송전 제약 상황에서3모선에서의 강제적 선도계약 참여와 발전회사의 선별적 선도계약 참여에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 하고 있다. 발전기 구성 및 계통 구성, 그리고 전략의 수립까지의 연구가 진행되어 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2018.01a
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• pp.11-12
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• 2018

FPC 알고리즘(Fast Paox-based controller algorithm)은 기존에 Paxos 프로토콜을 단순화하고 Paxos를 개발하고 구현하는 복잡성을 완화할 수 있는 다중 SDN 컨트롤러 간에 적용되는 합의를 처리할 수 있는 알고리즘이다. 하지만, 허가를 결정하는 투표 과정에서 불필요한 절차가 존재하여 연산 속도가 감소하고 계산 비용이 많이 든다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하는 해결책을 제시하여 알고리즘의 성능이 향상되는 것을 증명하였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.14C no.5
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• pp.389-394
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• 2007

Recently, a location-based threshold-endorsement(LTE) scheme is proposed to thwart bogus data injection attacks. The scheme exhibits much greater filtering power than earlier symmetric schemes and results in enhanced energy savings. In this paper, we show that LTE has fatal vulnerabilities. We also propose an improved scheme that mitigates the weakness and thereby achieves the original claims without lessening remarkable filtering power intended in LTE.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.749-771
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze mathematical tasks of Korea and the USA textbooks focused on conditions for parallelograms. In this study, structures of task, types of proof and reasoning, and levels of cognitive demand are investigated. The conclusion is as follows: First, with respect to structures of task, structures presented in the USA textbooks are more diverse. Second, with respect to types of proof and reasoning, Korea and the USA prefer IC task and DA task. And task types presented in the USA textbooks are more diverse. Third, with respect to levels of cognitive demand, in both Korea and the USA textbooks, PNC task and PWC task account most. And compared to the USA, Korea prefer algorithms. In addition, we find out implications for reconstruction of Korea textbook. It is as follows: First, with respect to structures of task and types of proof and reasoning, the diversity of composition needs to be raised. Second, with respect to levels of cognitive demand, the concentration in PNC task needs to be declined. And levels of cognitive demand on types of tasks need to be reconsidered. Third, with respect to tasks' topic and material, internal and external connectivities of mathematics need to be strengthened.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.57-81
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• 2016

It can determine the outcome of the lawsuit whether or not there is a causality between the medical malpractice of a physician and the patient's injury when the patient is filing a lawsuit against the physician in order to pursue civil liability for a medical accident. In medical malpractice lawsuits, it is not easy to judge causality between different civil cases because of the special nature of medical care. Also, information such as medical records is concentrated on doctors and the medical knowledge of the patient is relatively insufficient compared with the doctor. Therefore, it is recognized through medical malpractice lawsuits that the burden of proof of the causality burdened by the plaintiff patient is relaxed. In this paper, I examine the legal theory on how to recognize causality in medical civil liability and then concern the attitude of the case in Korea, which is divided into the types of the causality - such as the case of general medical practice, explanation duty, no causality with medical malpractice.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.47-55
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose one stage multi-scale face detector based Fully Convolution Network using anchor free method. Recently almost all state-of-the-art face detectors which predict location of faces using anchor-based methods rely on pre-defined anchor boxes. However this face detectors need to hyper-parameters and additional computation in training. The key idea of the proposed method is to eliminate hyper-parameters and additional computation using anchor free method. To do this, we apply two ideas. First, by eliminating the pre-defined set of anchor boxes, we avoid the additional computation and hyper-parameters related to anchor boxes. Second, our detector predicts location of faces using multi-feature maps to reduce foreground/background imbalance issue. Through Quantitative evaluation, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated and analyzed. Experimental results on the FDDB dataset demonstrate the effective of our proposed method.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.536-544
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• 2001

We investigate, in the viewpoint of mathematical stability, the validity of the time-strain separability hypothesis employed in polymer viscoelasticity on the basis of experimental results. There have been suggested two distinct stability criteria such as Hadamard related to quick response and dissipative stability conditions, and in the limit of high deformation rate we have proved that separable constitutive equations are either Hadamard or dissipative unstable. The fact that the separability is not valid in the short time region in stress relaxation experiments exactly coincides with the results of our analysis. Therefore, since the application of the separability hypothesis incurs thermodynamic inconsistency as well as mathematical instability, such application should be avoided in the formulation of constitutive equations. In addition, careful attention should be paid to the limit of its validity even in experiments. It is also proved that there is neither theoretical nor physical validity of using the damping function.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.1C
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• pp.90-97
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• 2009

The advantages of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are high spectral efficiency, resiliency to RF interference, and lower multi-path distortion. To further utilize vast channel capacity of the multiuser OFDM, one has to find the efficient adaptive subchannel and bit allocation among users. In this paper, we propose an 0-1 integer programming model formulating the optimal subchannel and bit allocation problem of the multiuser OFDM. We employ a dual-decomposition method that provides a tight linear programming (LP) relaxation bound. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the 0-1 integer programming model. MATLAB simulation on a system employing M-ary quardarature amplitude modulation (MQAM) assuming a frequency-selective channel consisting of three independent Rayleigh multi-paths are carried with the optimal subchannel and bit allocation solution generated by 0-1 integer programming model.