• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1996

대략 36,000 base pairs (bp)의 두 가닥짜리 DNA를 지놈으로 가진 사람 아데노바이러스 (Ad)는 DNA 상동성(相同性) 및 생물학적/생화학적 성격이 특이한 49개의 혈청형이 알려져 있는데, 이들 대부분의 Ad가 영유아군 및 면역능이 저하된 성인에서 치사적 결과를 초래할 수 있다. Ad의 세포향성(向性)(tropism)은 매우 다양하여 종류에 따라 상기도 감염, 각결막염, 영유아 장염등을 유발하는데 최근 Ad의 다양한 병원성에 대한 원인을 분자생물학적 수준에서 규명하려는 노력의 일환으로 지역에 따라 주되게 출현하는 Ad형 규명이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. Ad 동정/확인은 표면을 이루고 있는 group 공통항원인 hexon 단백질을 탐지하는 효소면역 측정법 (EIA)에 의하며, Ad형별은 Ad fiber의 세포독성 중화시험에의 한다. 그러나, 세포독성 중화시험이 엄청난 노동력 및 시간을 요구하면서도 민감도/특이도가 만족스럽지 못하여 이를 개선하기 위하여 검체 또는 세포배양에서 Ad DNA를 추출하여 제한효소 절단형태를 비교하는 방법이 개발되었는데 이는 세포배양에 잘 자라지 않는 바이러스주의 형별뿐만 아니라 지역 분리주들의 지놈 변형주를 관찰하는 분자생물학적/분자역학적 연구에도 도움이 되고 있다. 국내에는 Ad와 관련된 소아장염의 빈도가 rotavirus에 의한 것 다음으로 빈번한데도 Ad40/41외에 주되게 출현하는 장내 Ad형들이 전혀 규명된 바 없고, 한국형 Ad들의 지놈형태가 전혀 보고된 바가 없다. 또한 세계적으로 Ad형별 조사지역이 늘어감에 따라 유아장염과 연관된 Ad 역시 Ad40, 41이 외의 형들이 Ad40, 41을 능가하는 것으로 보고되고 있는 지역도 있으나 국내에서는 Ad40, 41이외의 형들은 그 역학적 중요도가 전혀 알려져 있지 않다. 이로서 본 연구의 목적은 Ad주들에 특이 중화항체를 이용한 세포독성 중화시험과 Ad DNA 절단법을 적용하여 한국형 장내 Ad주들의 형별을 처음으로 시도함과 동시에 1989-1991사이 출현한 Ad들의 유전적 변형을 관찰하려는 것이었다. 두 방법 모두 사용하였을 때 주되게 출현하는 장내 Ad형들은 Ad4l, Ad2, Ad7, Ad5, 및 Ad40이었다. Ad40/41-양성 검체를 제외한 Ad hexon-EIA양성들의 77.5%를 형별 할 수 있었던 Ad DNA의 제한효소 절단방법은 형들간의 교차중화로 특이성이 낮았던 중화방법 (47.5%)보다 매우 효율적이어서 두 가지 방법을 함께 적응하였을 때는 40주중의 81.5%인 35주를 형별 할 수 있었다. 또한Ad DNA 제한 효소 절단방법은 Ad7 변이주 (Ad7b)도 탐지 할 수 있었다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.76
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• pp.31-60
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• 2016

The task of this essay deals with the China's Cultural Rise in analizing the power of media and 'Go Global' policy. The phenomena of Chinese cultural hegemony over Asia beg study. I review the Chinese cultural industry going global. The notion of cultural hegemony is introduced in this study, in order to explain the rise of China accelerating a penetration and influence of Chinese cultural capital and its power. A peaceful rise of China links to its cultural hegemony over Asian countries. Currently, China has not sufficiently enjoyed the soft power due to its lack of globally accepted ideological dynamics in China's culture and media. But in the near future, market-driven Chinese cultural capital and contents will replace Korean ones.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.27
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• pp.267-361
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• 2008

This article traces how the modern Chinese "nation" was constructed as an "imagined community" around Huang-ti (the Yellow Emperor) in late Qing. Huang-ti was a legendary figure in ancient China and the imperial courts monopolized the worship of him. Many late Qing intellectuals appropriated this symbolic figure and, through a set of discursive strategies of "framing, voice and narrative structure," transformed him into a privileged symbol for modern Chinese national identity. What Huang-ti could offer was, however, no more than a "public face" for the imagined new national community, or in other words, a formal structure without substantial contents. No consensus appeared on whom the Chinese nation should include and where the Chinese nation should draw its boundaries. The anti-Manchu revolutionaries emphasized the primordial attachment of blood and considered modern China an exclusive community of Huang-ti's descent. The constitutional reformers sought to stretch the boundaries to include the ethnic groups other than the Han. Some minority intellectuals, particularly the Manchu ones, re-constructed the historic memory of their ethnic origin around Huang-ti. The quarrels among intellectuals of different political persuasion testify how Huang-ti as the most powerful cultural symbol became a site for contests and negotiations in the late Qing process of national construction.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.23
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• pp.349-392
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• 2008

Modern Neo-Confucianism was formed as a school by solving the modern problems in China through accepting western philosophies with Chinese basic philosophies since New Cultural Movement. Marxism, Liberalism, and Modern Neo-Confucianism are called three representatives of Chinese modern philosophies. Since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, Modern Neo-Confucianists have tried to keep their philosophy and cultural conservatism in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Modern Neo-Confucianism which had been prohibited before 1978 was brought again to people's attention in the middle of 1980s by their active lectures and writings. Furthermore, the study on Modern Neo-Confucianism was supported by the Chinese government in 1987. China was trying to find the way to enhance Chinese tradition and to develop China to a modern society at the same time through the study on Modern Neo-Confucianism. The purpose of Modern Neo-Confucianism is to keep Chinese tradition which was broken off, to develop China to a modern society, to control the problems caused by capitalism socially, and ultimately to strengthen socialism in China in the political aspect. The study on Modern Neo-Confucianism in the 1980s focused on introducing, organizing, and understanding Modern Neo-Confucianism as its early stage. This study was led by Marxists with their methods and viewpoints. Even though the acceptance and understanding of Modern Neo-Confucianism was limited in a short period, the study on Modern Neo-Confucianism in the 1980s propagated Modern Neo-Confucianism. Modern Neo-Confucianism also played an important role to grow the argument about the critical succession of Chinese tradition and to reconsider the fact that modernization does not mean only westernization.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.15
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• pp.245-264
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• 2008

This study considers Huewa悔窩 Anjung-gwan安重觀's self-consciousness and the recognition of the world. Anjung-gwan resents that fact that Qing淸 rules over China. He insists that Chosun朝鮮 must remain faithful to Ming明. But Chosun served Qing in those days. He holds strongly to his belief until his death. So he chooses living in retirement in his life. In Anjung-gwan's poems, we can see that a certain circle of Chosun Confucianists believe in Sojunghwa小中華, which is small-Sinocentrism. In the first half of the eighteenth-century, some Chosun Confucianists feel sad about the situation that stops them from realizing their ideals. But they take pride in natural beauty and configuration of Chosun. And they pay attention to the life of Chosun masses. They recognize Chosun, which is Hwa華, has to keep self-respect to the last.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 1989

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) is one of the most important pathogens for inland fish farming and had been first reported in Korea from returning adult chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at hatcheries on the east coast. During the past years, several viruses identified as IPNV were isolated not only from chum salmon, but also from gold fish (Carassius auratus), eel(Anguilla japonica), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). An isolate, coded DRT, from fingerlings of pan-cultured rainbow trout in Daechung Dam showed different serotype from three known reference serogroups of IPNV such as VR-299, Sp, and Ab. Antisera to three of these serotypes, however, partially neutralized the infectivity of this isolate. Anti-Sp type was rather effective than either anti-VR-299 or anti-Ab, implying DRT could be more closely related to Sp. DRT has been purified and its RNA genome segments were compated showing that the isolate does not belong to any of known serogroups even with some common antigenicity.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2022

This study used a method of comparing and analyzing various editions of Jeokcheonsu, and aims to confirm why different views have arisen on commentaries that differ according to the perspective of one original text, which interpretation is more valid among them. It is not easy to grasp the theories of Myeongri because Jeokcheonsu is composed of the sentences of Si-bu with being well refined and having hidden meaning. Various perspectives makes the people more confused in reading commentaries. Lim Cheol-cho make additional annotations and try to subdivide the contents of Jeokcheonsu and classify them with quoting lots of 512 exemplifications in Ming Dynasty, and it is his great contribution to the Myeongri theory. The perspective that 'Eokbu Theory' is core contents of Myeongri theory in the first half of Jeokcheonsu is predominate. The sentence that 'Eokbu Theory' is mentioned for the first time is 'Cheayong, and we can quote 'Jeongsin', 'Soewang' and 'Junghwa' as a sentence paired together.'Eokbu Theory' of Jeokcheonsu is discussed continuously in the 'Gangyou' 'Junggwa' of Myeongri particulars which is connected in the middle of Jeokcheonsu.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.202.2-203
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• 2003

전통주의 계승발전을 위해 전통주의 개선과 재현의 필요성이 높아짐에 따라 지난날 맛 좋았던 우리의 전통주의 연구와 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 최근 미곡의 과잉생산으로 인한 과잉쌀 생산에 대한 수요체 창출을 위한 쌀가공품의 개발이 매우 시급한 실정이다. 최근 알콜농도가 낮은 술을 선호하는 경향과 전통주의 특수한 풍미로 인하여 현재 전통주는 많은 사람들로부터 각광을 받고 있어서 현재 몇몇 지역에서 민속주와 토속주가 허가되어 시판되고 있다. 진양주는 전남 해남지역의 전통민속주로서 해남지역에서 생산되는 찹쌀을 원료로 하여 상온에서 발효시키는 독특한 방법으로 제조되는데 이 진양주는 발효과정에서 외부환경의 영향을 많이 받게 된다. 그중 외부온도는 진양주의 품질에 직접적인 영향을 미치게 되는데 아직까지는 진양주제조과정에서 최적발효온도에 대한 연구는 보고된 것이 없다. 본 연구에서는 발효온도를 2$0^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$로 하였을 때 발효과정에서 술의 품온, pH, 당도, 알콜함량, 총산의 변화를 조사하였으며 관능검사를 통하여 종합적인 기호도를 평가하여 최적의 발효온도를 탐색하고자 했다. 발효과정에서 술의 품온은 온도계를 사용하여 측정하였고 pH는 pH-meter로 측정하였으며 당도는 당도계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 알콜함량과 총산은 국세청의 주류분석규정에 따라 증류법과 중화적정법을 사용하여 측정하였다. 관능검사는 식품공학과 대학원생과 학부생 10명을 대상으로 종합적인 기호도에 대하여 5단계 평점법으로 실시하였다. 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 발효시 품온은 20.2~23.8$^{\circ}C$사이에서, $25^{\circ}C$에서 발효시 품온은 25.2$^{\circ}C$~28.2$^{\circ}C$사이에서 변화되었고 pH는 2$0^{\circ}C$ 발효시 3.47~4.62 사이에서, $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 pH는 3.28~4.65사이에서 변화되었고 최종 pH는 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 발효시 3.71로써 $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 3.58보다 높았다. 최종당도는 2$0^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 각각 10.2。Brix와 8.4。Brix 였고 알콜농도는 2$0^{\circ}C$발효시 13.8%로 $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 14.8% 낮았으며 총산은 2$0^{\circ}C$ 발효시 1.32%로 $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 1.62%보다 낮게 나타났다. 관능검사를 통한 종합적인 기호도는 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 발효시킨 진양주가 4.2로써 $25^{\circ}C$에 발효시킨 진양주 3.5보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사시 $25^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 진양주는 신맛이 많이 난다는 결과로 볼 때 최종 pH가 3.58로 낮고 총산이 1.62%로 높아서 나온 결과라고 생각된다. 결론적으로 진양주를 제조할 시 발효온도는 2$0^{\circ}C$가 발효온도 $25^{\circ}C$보다 더 적합하다고 생각된다.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.23
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• pp.393-421
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• 2008

This thesis has an intention to reorganize the topic of Ontology that has not unnoticed, investigating the symbolic signs of Zhuxi. The symbols in Ontology visualize in an anthropomorphic form or a form of animals that we can usually find in the nature. The visible symbols have characteristics of the dynamic rather than the stillness. The symbols of human and a horse have developed as different interpretations depending on the relative importance. The movement of stream symbolize the Movement of Daoti that manifests thorough all things in the Dao and have a structure of 'Ti-Xiang-Yong'. The Substance of Metaphysics embodies an action thorough 'Metaphysics' or 'with Metaphysics'. Accordingly, 'a stream' symbolizes 'the Movement of Daoti' in that it manifests the form of Daoti makes body. A kite and a fish symbolize the form of a kite flies up into the sky and the shape of a fish plays in the pond. These not only represent an outlook on the world, but also symbolize the stage of the Movement of Daoti. 'Human', 'a stream', 'a kite' and 'a fish' include activeness, domination, dynamics, manifestation, visibility, naturalness.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the proapoptotic effects of matrix metal-loproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) and doxorubicin on wild-type p53 osteosarcoma cell line, socalled U2OS cell line. Materials and Methods: U2OS cells were treated with MMP inhibitor III (MMPI III) and doxorubicin, either respectively or simultaneously. In cells treated with doxorubicin, Fas-neutralizing antibody so called ZB4 was additionally treated to examine whether the doxorubicin played a role through the Fas/FasL pathway. Cells were analysed regarding to apoptosis and cell death by flow cytometry. Results: U2OS cells incubated with doxorubicin showed significant amount of cell death in dose-dependent manner. However, those incubated with MMPI III mostly remained viable state. In addition, there is no relationship between two drugs. Cells treated with doxorubicin and ZB4 at the same time did not show down regulation of apoptosis through inhibition of Fas/FasL pathway. Conclusion: It is important to re-examine MMP inhibitor's effect on other osteosarcoma cell line with wild-type p14 as well as wild-type p53 to evaluate its proapoptotic effect.