• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.387-405
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to develop a communality model to measure the service quality that the customers encounter on face-to-face and non-face-to-face automobile insurance before and after insurance purchase. Methods: For these purposes, we conduct a five-step program to develop a comprehensive communality model to measure service quality except insurance purchase channels. Results: As a result, we find five communality factors: value-added service for automobile maintenance, value-added service for drivers, quickness, dispatch service, and convenience of the service process. And the relative importance of service quality factors was in the order of value-added service for drivers, the convenience of the service process, quickness, and dispatch service, respectively. Conclusion: This study developed the opportunities to enhance service quality to attract customers. And it contributes to the academic literature by reporting the industry-specific service quality model, which maintains a theoretical gap in the online and offline automobile insurance industry.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-54
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• 2000

Purpose: Dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion SPECT could predict prognosis, however, long-term follow-up showed change of hazard ratio in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. We investigated how long normal SPECT could predict the benign prognosis on the long-term follow-up. Materials and Methods: We followed up 1169 patients and divided these patients into groups in whom coronary angiography were performed and were not. Total cardiac event rate and hard event rate were predicted using clinical, angiographic and SPECT findings. Predictive values of normal and abnormal SPECT were examined using survival analysis with Mantel-Haenszel method, multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis and newly developed statistical method to test time-invariance of hazard rate and changing point of this rate. Results: Reversible perfusion decrease on myocardial perfusion SPECT predicted higher total cardiac event rate independently and further to angiographic findings. However, myocardial SPECT showed independent but not incremental prognostic values for hard event rate. Hazard ratio of normal perfusion SPECT was changed significantly (p<0.001) and the changing point of hazard rate was 4.4 years of follows up. However, the ratio of abnormal SPECT was not. Conclusion: Dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion SPECT provided independent prognostic information in patients with known and suspected coronary artery disease. Normal perfusion SPECT predicted least event rate for 4.4 years.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.451-474
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• 2016

Analysis of the syntactic structure of the modern Chinese adverbs for time 'Cengjing (曾經)' and 'Yijing (已經)' was performed to examine the tenses and aspects of the terms. The corresponding Korean words were examined and the terms in both languages were compared. The syntactic structures used in China and South Korea were found to be different. We hope the study of the Chinese language will help Korean students. 'Cengjing (曾經)' specific projects with 'aspect' of, 'Past experience aspect', 'Past continuous aspect', 'Past continuous aspect' in the past tense. [ED: unclear, please reword] These correspond to '_었 (았)_', '_었었_' in the Korean language. 'Yijing (已經)' has 'finished phase' of concrete projects, 'Past experience aspect', 'Past continuous aspect', also has a specific project tense, the 'past tense', 'present tense', 'future tense', and so tense. [ED: unclear, please reword] Adjectives can also be modified with a 'change of status'. These correspond to '_었 (았)_', '_고_', '_었었_', '곧' etc. in Korean. 'Cengjing (曾經)' and the dynamic auxiliary 'Guo (過)' were compared to determine whether they have the aspect and tense features. However, 'Guo (過)' can only modify the predicate verb, so it possesses only aspect characteristics. 'Cengjing (曾經)' modifies the range more widely. 'Yijing (已經)' may be modified by the adverb 'Zai (在)' whereas 'Cengjing (曾經)' may not. Additionally, 'Yijing (已經)' can be modified by predicate adjectives and noun predicates, while 'Cengjing (曾經)' cannot.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.489-499
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• 1993

Drifting aquatic insects were collected with using drift nets in the middle reaches of the Paenae stream. a tributary of the Naktong River in Korea, in four seasons from August 1989 to May 1990. During the study period, 6 orders and 31 families were collected. Drifted insects were the most diverse in autumn, while the number of collected individuals was the highest in spring. The abundant groups were the primary consumers such as Ephemeroptera and Diptera including Heptagenidae, Baetidae, and Chironomidae. The secondary consumers such as Plecoptera and Trichoptera, and the burrowers, Ephemeridae and Odonata were collected less than the primary consumers. Generally the first dominant species belonged to Ephemeroptera such as Pseudocloeotz sp., Heptagenia sp., and Baetis sp, In four seasons Ephemeroptera appeared more abundantly in drift(62%) than benthic samplings(33%). Diptera occurred similarly in drift and benthic samplings at 22%. Plecoptera and Trichoptera were collected at 4% and 11%, respectively, and appeared less than in benthic samplings. In functional groups collectors and scrapers were collected more than shredders and predators in drifts. In habit groups clingers and swimmers were present more than sprawlers and burrowers.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.220-234
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of a group of mothers who had infants about baby bottle tooth decay(BBTD) and dental caries prevention. The sample consisted of 261 mothers who had infants from 6 to 36 months from certain areas of Dae-jeon city. The mothers were asked to answer a questionnaire which included a series of questions regarding general information cencerning the infant and his mother, knowledge about BBTD and methods of prevention using fluoride, knowledge about behavioral risk factors contributing to caries of the infant, attitude toward oral health care of the infant, opinions regarding the effectiveness of methods to prevent dental caries and sources of oral health information. he results of this study were as follow. 1. 85.4% of the respondents thought that prolonged bottle feeding would harm the teeth of the infant, but 77% of the respondents had never heard of baby bottle tooth decay. 2. Levels of knowledge about methods of prevention using fluoride were relatively low and there were significant relationships between the levels of this knowledge and the educational level of the respondents(P<0.05). 3. Only 7.3% of the respondents thought that prolonged breast feeding would harm the teeth of the infant. 4. Overall oral health care of the infants was relatively insufficient. 5. Only 28.7% of the respondents selected either when the first tooth erupt or deciduous dentition complete as the time a infant should first be seen by a dentist. 6. 64.6% of the respondents thought that toothbrushing should be instituted once the first tooth appears. 7. Among the six methods of preventing caries in infants, respondents ranked the effective of fluoride lower than making regular dental visits and reducing intake of sugared foods. 8. Most frequently cited sources of information about dental health were newspapers, magazines and books(65%), followed by friends, neighborhoods and families (55%).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.202-207
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• 2005

Intravenous immune globulin(IVIG) is widely used for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Kawasaki disease and other autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Aseptic meningitis was one of the most serious neurologic complications reported following the use of IVIG. We experienced 4 episodes of aseptic meningitis associated with IVIG usage in 3 patients from 2003 to 2004. Underlying disease of each patients was ITP, Kawasaki disease and myathenia gravis and all of them received high dose IVIG treatment for their underlying disease. Within a days, they started to complain severe headache and diagnosed meningitis by cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts varied from 92 to over a thound per microliter with dominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Microbiologic studies revealed no organisms. All of them were free from headache within 2 days and did not suffer any neurological sequelae.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.843-847
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• 2001

Background: Replacement of the esophagus remains a challenge for surgeons involved in esophageal disease. From 1996 to 1999, a total of 27 patients with esophageal cancer underwent free jejunal transfer(12cases) or esophagogastrostomy(15cases). To determine the results such as leakage of anastomosis site, stenosis, reflux esophagitis and operation time, respiratory complications, etc. we reviewed the 4 years experiences. Material and method: Palliative bypass surgery or esophageal prosthesis and cancers of the pharyngoesophageal or esophagogastric junction were excluded in this study. Resection was usually peformed through right thoracotomy and anastomosis was made with EEA staplers in esophagogas-trstomy. In cases of jejunal free transfer, 6cases of proximal esophagojejunostomy were stapled anastomosed and remaining 6 cases and all distal site were hand-sewn anastomosed. All reconstruction was done through posteromediastinal route. Result: There were two mortalities from thoracic esophagogastrostomy and one from jeunal free transfer. Major and minor complications(anastomosis site leakage: 3 cases, graft failure: 2cases etc) occurred in 27 cases. In 15 thoracic esophagogastrostomy cases, 11 patients had mild to moderate reflux esophagitis and 5 patients incurred stricture of the anastomosis. Operation time was about 550$\pm$280 minutes in jejunal free transfer, and about 300$\pm$ 160 minutes in esophagogastromy patients. Conclusion: Post operative reflux esophagitis and dysphagia were more frequent in Ivor-Lewis operation group than jejunal free transfer group; however, respiratory complications and operation time were significantly longer in jejunal (roe transfer group(p<0.05). To minimize the incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis and dysphagia, patient evaluation focused on jejunal free transfer surgery is better than esophagogastrostomy followed by adequate post operative care.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.76-84
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• 2003

Software agents reduce human involvement to a certain extent by automating routine tasks. However, most of agents have assisted with only a few steps in the multi-steps process of electronic transactions. In order to help users with the important steps in the electronic transactions, software agents need to persuade other parties to act in particular ways. While negotiations have many shapes and forms, this paper focuses on a particular class of negotiation, that is competitive business environment based negotiation. For negotiation with other parties in this contort, it is necessary for autonomous agents to consider environmental variables-the number of competitors, the number of negotiation parties, the maximum time by which they must finish their jobs, and user's preferences. Previous negotiation decision functions for the automated negotiation have used only time or the static numbs of negotiating parties as negotiation criteria, although competitive business environment should include potential competitors who can snatch negotiation parties away. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance of a negotiation decision function that considers the potential competitors in competitive market environment as well as that of a negotiation decision function that does not. For this evaluation, this study adopts the electronic marketplace as an application domain because many buyers and sellers compete for limited resources in the marketplace.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 1999

Purpose: We investigated whether myocardial SPECT had additional usefulness to clinical, functional or surgical indices for the preoperative evaluation of cardiac risks in noncardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: 118 patients (M: F=66: 52, $62.7{\pm}10.5$ years) were studied retrospectively. Eighteen underwent vascular surgeries and 100 nonvascular surgeries. Rest T1-20l/ stress Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT was performed before operation and cardiac events (hard event: cardiac death and myocardial infarction; soft event: ischemic ECG change, congestive heart failure and unstable angina) were surveyed through perioperative periods ($14.6{\pm}5.6$ days). Clinical risk indices, functional capacity, surgery procedures and SPECT findings were tested for their predictive values of perioperative cardiac events. Results: Perioperative cardiac events occurred in 25 patients (3 hard events and 22 soft events). Clinical risk indices, surgical procedure risks and SPECT findings but functional capacity were predictive of cardiac events. Reversible perfusion decrease was a better predictor than persistent decrease, Multivariate analysis sorted out surgical procedure risk (p=0.0018) and SPECT findings (p=0.0001) as significant risk factors. SPECT could re-stratify perioperative cardiac risks in patients ranked with surgical procedures. Conclusion : We conclude that myocardial SPECT provides additional predictive value to surgical type risks as well as clinical indexes or functional capacity for the prediction of preoperative cardiac events in noncardiac surgery.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.329-334
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• 2004

There are different kinds of the pseudo-mass of the gallbladder(GB) such as GB stones, GB polyps, GB sludge, and these can be differentiated by simple-ultrasonogram(USG). The most common symptoms of GB polyps are abdominal pain(RUQ), dyspepsia, jaundice, but usually there are no symptoms. GB polyps are commonly treated with a cholecystectomy if 10 mm or more in diameter. Pseudo-mass of the GB is regarded as products of stagnation of the Liver Ki in Oriental Medicine. The patient suffered from mild fever. abdominal pain(RUQ), and jaundice. He was diagnosed with a GB polyp(10 mm), liver cyst(12 mm) by simple USG. We treated him with Acupuncture, Herbal Medicine(Hoinsamgum-tang). After three days of treatment, the symptoms improved, and after one month the GB polyp was removed on the follow up of USG.