• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate shielding effect of radiation protector for interventional radiologists in procedures by measuring inside and outside of radiation protector. In this study, we measured the radiation dose of 4 interventional radiologists during TACE and PTBD procedure for 4 month(2005.05-2005.09). Absorbed dose were measured by TLD placed underneath and over radiation protector such as Goggle, Thyroid protector, Apron and placed on the 4th finger of Hand. In addition, we measured background radiation dose in the control room using TLD. During TACE procedure, using 0.07 mmPb Goggle decreased average 53.8% of radiation dose rate in continuous fluoroscopic mode and decreased average 77.6% of radiation dose rate in pulse fluoroscopic mode. Using 0.5 mmPb Thyroid protector decreased average 88.9% of radiation dose rate in continuous fluoroscopic mode and decreased average 92.8% in pulse fluoroscopic mode. During PTBD procedure, using 0.07 mmPb Goggle decreased radiation dose rate average 62.7%, 87.9% by 0.5 mmPb Thyroid protector, 90.5% by 0.5 mmPb Apron. The average fluoroscopic time of PTBD was 6.14 min. shorter than TACE procedure, but radiation exposure dose rate of PTBD was 3 times higher in total body dose, and 40 times higher in hand dose rate than TACE. Interventional radiologists must wear thicker protector recommended over 0.5 mmPb. Also, they must use lead Goggle during interventional procedure. Abdomen dose decreased average 38.4% by drawing a lead curtain under the patient's table, therefore, they must draw a lead curtain to shield scattering ray. Radiation exposure dose decreased average 59.0% by using pulse fluoroscopic mode. So radiologists would better use pulse fluoroscopic mode than continuous fluoroscopic mode to decrease exposure dose.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.657-682
• /
• 2004

The method of finding the laws in the common law countries is significantly different from that in French civil code countries. The former usually derives the laws from the previous court decisions and applies the derived rules to the current case, called inductive, while the latter prescribes the laws beforehand and then applies the prescribed rule to the current case, called deductive. Such dichotomy in comparative legal research seems to be most recognizable and common. Accordingly, the mainstream of comparative legal research would come from comparison of common laws with civil codes. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we discuss how ontology Plays roles in building a distributed and heterogeneous knowledge-base system. First, we discuss relationship between ontology and agent in the Knowledgeable Community which is a framework of knowledge sharing and reuse based on a multi-agent architecture. Ontology is a minimum requirement for each agent to join the Knowledgeable Community. Second we explain mediation by ontology to show how ontology is used in the Knowledgeable Community. A special agent called mediation analyzes undirected messages and infer candidates of recipient agents by consulting ontology and relationship between ontology and agents. Third we model ontology as combination of aspects each of which can represent a way of conceptualization. Aspects are combined either as combination aspect which means integration of aspects or category aspect which means choice of aspects. Since ontology by aspect allows heterogeneous and multiple descriptions for phenomenon in the world, it is appropriate for heterogeneous knowledge-base systems. We also show translation of messages as a wave of interpreting multiple aspects. A translation agent can translate a message with some aspect to one with another aspect by analyzing dependency of aspects. Mediation and translation of messages are important to build agents easily and naturally because less knowledge on other agents is requested for each agent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.217-225
• /
• 2005

Currently the research on input-queued ATM switches is one of the most active research fields. Many achievements have been made in the research on scheduling algorithms for input-queued ATM switches and also applied in commerce. The scheduling algorithms have the characteristics of improving throughput, satisfying QoS requirements and providing service fairly. In this paper, we studied on an implementation of scheduler which arbitrates the input-queued ATM switches efficiently and swiftly. The proposed scheduler approximately provides $100\%$ throughput for scheduling. The proposed algorithm completes the arbitration for N-port VOQ switch with 4-iterative matching. Also the proposed algorithm has a merit for implementing the scheduling algorithm with 1/2 area compared to that of iSLIP scheduling algorithm which is widely used. The performance of the proposed scheduling algorithm is superior to that of iSLIP in 4-iterative matching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.866-869
• /
• 2013

In this Paper, I propose a new anti-collision algorithm called Arbitrator-collision free reflected frame which restricts the size of frames and controlled the frame size when there are small tags. Since the proposal algorithm keeps the frame size and controlled the number of responding tags in such a way ones. can increase slot utilization, the algorithm shows superior performance to the existing algorithms. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm improves the efficiency by 0.8times compared to the existing algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2013.06a
• /
• pp.138-139
• /
• 2013

최근 SoC의 발전으로 하나의 칩내에 많은 IP를 구현함으로써 IP간 통신을 위한 버스 시스템이 칩에 성능에 큰 요소가 되고 있다. 버스 시스템의 기존의 중계 방식으로 Fixed Priority, Round Robin, TDMA 방식 등이 있다. 하지만 기존의 중계 방식은 여러 문제점을 가지고 있다. 그중 Burst 기반의 버스에서 발생하는 문제로 하나의 우선순위가 낮은 마스터에서 중요한 데이터를 전송하는데 대기시간이 길어지는 것이 있다. 본 논문에서는 위의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 대기시간을 줄일 수 있는 매 클록마다 중계되는 중계 방식을 제안하고 이를 AXI 프로토콜 기반의 버스에 적용하여 구현하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.325-327
• /
• 2004

P2P 서비스는 서버를 거치지 않고 네트워크에 연결된 컴퓨터간의 직접적인 교환에 의해 자원과 서비스를 공유할 수 있는 방식으로 기존의 클라이언트/서버 방식과 달리 관련 프로그램만으로 자원에 대한 공유 및 교환이 가능하다. 이러한 P2P의 특징을 이용하여 서버가 중재자 역할을 하는 전자상거래 방식에 P2P 기술을 적용하여 구매자와 판매자의 직접적인 통신에 의해 상거래가 가능한 새로운 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 제안 모델은 구매자와 판매자간의 디지털 컨텐츠 교환과 지불에 대해 공정성을 보장해 주고, 컨텐츠를 사용한 구매자들로부터 받은 평판(reputation)값을 통하여 판매자가 제공하는 컨텐츠에 대한 신뢰성 또한 보장할 수 있다.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.69
• /
• pp.473-493
• /
• 2016

If a certain country or an arbitration institution hopes to keep ahead of the fierce competition in the international arbitration market, it needs to develop hardware factors, such as i) Facility and Infra, ii) Geographical Location, iii) Professional Staff, iv) Global Network, v) Capital, and vi) Arbitrators & Practitioners etc., along with software factors including i) Arbitration Rules of Law, ii) Court's Support, iii) International Convention, iv) Political Risk, and v) Education Environment, which are the most critical requirements in the development strategy for international arbitration. Having perceived the above situation, the Korean government has been working on amending the Korean Arbitration Act to reflect global advanced practice of international arbitration, and seeking to enact laws that will promote our arbitration industry and create a more arbitration-friendly environment. The KCAB is also currently revising both the domestic and international arbitration rules in accordance with these national efforts. Under these circumstances, this paper examines how major leading international arbitration institutions manage their secretariats and suggests how the KCAB can compose and manage its Secretariat to gain a competitive advantage over rival institutions.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.139-168
• /
• 2016

Two alternative dispute resolutions for medical dispute have been operated under the States of German Medical Associations. The first is the medical mediation committee of North german area, the other is the advisory committee on medical errors in North-Rhine area. The former has focused on the mediation itself, the latter commission has focused on the expert review itself whether the physician has maintained reasonable care in diagnosis and treatment. Even though these organizations have maintained under the medical associations, to maintain the neutrality on legal and medical decision, the North German mediation committee is composed of a lawyer and a medicine doctor respectively and North-Rhine advisory committee has a lawyer chair person and four medicine doctors. The main difference of Korean Medical Dispute Mediation Agency in respect from the german system is that expert review is subordinated to the mediation process. The neutrality of expert review is suspected from the medicine doctors. The neytrality and the efficiency should be improved to treat the medical disputes. To do so, lawyer and medicine doctor work together in mediation process and lawyer should manage the expert review process but not involved. Mediation process and expert review should be checked and balanced, and they could be developed as a separated process itself.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.7-22
• /
• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of virtual reality interventions (VRIs) on cognitive function in individuals with stroke through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods : We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) the last 10 years using academic databases. PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were used for international studies, and DBpia, KISS, Kyoboscholar, and e-article were used for Korean studies. For the quantitative meta-analysis, subgroups of outcomes were classified into general cognitive function (G-CF), attention and memory (A&M), and executive function (EF). Results : Nine RCTs were analyzed. The total number of participants was 271 (140 in the experimental group). The effect size (Cohen's d) was estimated using a random effects model. The effect sizes of the outcome subgroups of were as follows: small to medium for G-CF (d=0.422; 95% CI: 0.101~0.742; p=0.010), small for A&M (d=0.249; 95% CI: -0.107~0.605; p=0.170), and medium for EF (d=0.666; 95% CI: 0.136~1.195; p=0.014). Conclusion : Considering the various stimuli provided by the virtual environment and the results from available research, virtual reality should be applied to interventions for integrated cognitive functions. In addition, it would be appropriate to be used as an additional intervention to traditional cognitive rehabilitation for stroke.