• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.77-104
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• 2014

Government R&D support for SMEs is very important and the R&D budget is also increasing. This study suggests a new method for analyzing a performance of R&D programs and analyzes the performance of R&D programs funded by small & medium business administration using the method. We discuss new measures "efficiency" that means short-term performance and "effectiveness" that means long-term performance. Weights based on the R&D programs' characteristics among the various sub-indicators of two measures were derived, and then the final scores were calculated by combining the weights with the responses on the indicators. Finally, this study tests the mean differences between R&D programs statistically. As a results, efficiency of R&D programs shows a significant difference between the R&D programs, while effectiveness does not. Most of the efficiency scores are low, whereas the effectiveness scores are high. The results explain that the R&D programs are managed inefficiently. However, most SMEs predict a positive impact of government R&D supports on effectiveness in the long term. Government needs to try to improve the efficiency of R&D supports because SMEs cannot expect sustainable performance with no improvement in efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.457-463
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• 2002

이 연구는 x-선 투과영상을 이용하여 홍삼의 내공을 검출하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 x-선관에 조사되는 x-ray 양의 차이에 따른 위치별 밝기 값 차이를 보정하고 내공 검출에 적합한 영상처리 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 주요연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) x-선관에 조사되는 x-ray양은 중심에서 가장자리로 갈수록 감소하며, 이것은 위치에 따른 gray 값의 분포가 달라지게 되는 원인이 되었다. 2) 홍삼을 2치화 하기 위해서는 동일한 x-선 조사강도에서 입력된 원 영상에서 빈 영상을 뺀 감산 영상을 만들어 줌으로써 가능하였다. 3) 조사강도 별 감산영상처리 결과 36kV/4.15mA와 39kV/4.15mA에서는 조사량이 많아서 홈삼 지근 부분의 영상이 손실되는 경우가 발생하였다. 4) 내공 검출을 위해서는 정상부분과 내공부분의 자기 값 차이를 크게 하는 전처리 영상을 만들 필요가 있었고, multiple 감산영상에서 뚜렷한 골짜기가 나타났으나 주근의 내공부분의 밝기값 보다 지근의 정상부분의 자기 값이 더 낮게 나타나 이를 보정하기 위하여 홍삼 위치에 따라 부분 보정된 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 5) x-선관의 놓인 위치에 따라서 내공판정시험 결과 중심에 있을 때에 비해 가장자리에 있을 때는 영상이 일부 손실되었으며, 중심 위치에서 서로 다른 굵기의 홍삼에 대해서는 모두 양호한 결과가 나타났다. 6) 완전한 홈삼으로 내공판정시험 결과 내공주위의 정상부분가지도 일부 내공으로 잘못 검출되었으나 이것을 재차 line profile에 의해 한 라인씩 문턱 값을 설정하여 내공만을 정확하게 판정하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다.양체의 접종작업은 모든 배양실이 인력에 의존하였으며, 배양체를 배지와 분리하여 불필요한 부분을 제거하고 배양작물에 따라 생육정도를 2~3등급으로 구분하여 배양용기의 배지 위에 치상하는 과정으로 수행되었으며, 작업능률은 호접란의 경우 배양병에 25본을 접종하는데 시간당 6병, 심비디움은 원형 플라스크에 25본을 접종하는데 시간당 10병 정도였다. 바. 식물체의 대량증식에 사용되는 플라스크, 배양병, PE용기 등 배양용기의 세척작업은 농원의 1개배양실에서 간이식 세척기, 이 외의 9개배양실은 모두 물에 담겨 두었다가 세제와 브러쉬 등을 사용하여 인력으로 세척하고 있어 생력화 기술개발이 요구되었다.도가 빠를수록 건조속도가 빨라졌으며, 건조에너지도 1,334kcal/kg.water로 비슷하게 소요되었다. 마. 시험구와 대비구의 건감률은 시험구에서 1.08~1.36w.b./h로 나타나 대비구보다 약 9.9~18.3%가 높게 나타났고, 건조에너지는 10.2~14.6%가 절감되었다. 발아율은 열풍온도가 낮을수록 높게 나타났고 시험구가 대비구보다 발아율이 낮게 나타났으며, 동할률 증가량도 원적외선.열풍 복합건조방법이 높게 나타나 이것은 곡물 표면에 원적외선 방사에의한 복사열이 전달되어 열장해를 받았기 때문으로 판단되며, 금후 더 연구하여 적정 열풍온도 및 방사체 크기를 구명해야 할 것이다.으로 보여진다 따라서 옻나무 유래 F는 포유동물의 생식기능에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.된다.정량 분석한 결과이다. 시편의 조성은 33.6 at% U, 66.4 at% O의 결과를 얻었다. 산화물 핵연료의 표면 관찰 및 정량 분석 시험시 시편 표면을 전도성

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 2021

As the implementation of carbon reduction measures would be monitored starting from 2023 in line with the Paris Agreement, it is crucial and urgent to control GHGs emitted from wastes contributing to 11% of methane emissions. Despite such importance and urgency, 93% of wastes are deposited in unsanitary landfills in developing countries, presenting challenges to methane management. Against the backdrop, landfill gas-to-energy projects have once again drawn attention for their economic substantiality secured through CDM projects while there has been much research actively carried out to estimate methane emissions and GHG reductions in landfills located in developing countries. Although a signifiant difference was found between estimations calculated based on research methodologies and actual results monitored through registered CDM projects, there has not been a study conducted on what is causing such a difference. Accordingly, the research team conducted an analysis of 18 LFG projects out of 46 that were registered as LFG CDM projects under the UNFCCC and has identified precipitation(28%), malfunction(22%), organic content(11%), amount of landfilled waste(11%) and temperature(11%) as key parameters causing the difference between the amount of methane captured and the amount of GHG reduced.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2005

To investigate the long-term variation of water qualities, we have daily monitored physio-chemical characteristics of surface water in the Geum River estuary from June 1996 to April 2004. We found that the water qualities were determined by three dominant factors : 1. fluvial input from Geum River ($28.3\%$), 2. chemical processes such as nitrification and phosphate addition originated from sediment resuspension and domestic sew- age input ($18.6\%$), 3. biological processes such as nutrient consumption by primary producers ($13.5\%$). The factor 1 (fluvial input) effectively affected the water quality of the estuary particularly during the normal or low river discharge. The factor 2 (chemical processes) and the factor 3 (biological processes) showed distinct seasonal differences due to their relative strengths of biological activities. The factor 3 was a governing parameter during the period of spring algal bloom in 2004. For the spring period, an empirical equation derived from the multi-regression analyses showed that the in-situ chlorophyll-a distributions in the estuarine water were successfully simulated by the phosphate concentrations and N/P ratios. Therefore we suggest that phosphate functions as a limiting factor for the primary productivity in the Geum River estuary for the dry season, especially during spring.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.256-265
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cognitive levels and achievement of science process skills. A science laboratory process skills test based on optional instrument of the SISS was administered to a sample of 162 students in the 8th grade. Practical assessment tasks consisted of the contents about acid, base, density, and a property of cobalt chloride. The format of this practical test was the station type that students had to conduct a short activity. Science process skills included three sub-skills which were categorized as designing, performing, and reasoning. As cognitive levels develop from concrete operational stage to transition stage and formal operational stage. total scores of science process skills and mean scores of sub-skills were significantly increased. Regardless of cognitive levels. all students were more successful on performing than designing or reasoning. In case of being controlled cognitive levels, gender differences and area differences were not detected in achievement of science process skills. According to these results. there was a strong relationship between cognitive levels and achievement of science process skills by practical assessment. This study implies that considering student's cognitive levels is very important for improving science process skills.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2019

Empathy has been observed to be pivotal in enhancing both social relations and the efficiency of task performance. Empathetic interaction has been shown to begin with individuals mirroring each other's facial expressions, vocal tone, actions, and so on. The internal responses of the cardiovascular activity of people engaged in empathetic interaction are also known to be synchronized. This study attempted to objectively and quantitatively define the rules of empathy with regard to the synchronization of cardiac rhythm between persons. Seventy-four subjects participated in the investigation and were paired to imitate the facial expressions of their partner. An electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement was taken as the participants conducted the task. Quantitative indicators were extracted from the heart rhythm pattern (HRP) and the heart rhythm coherence (HRC) to determine the difference of synchronization of heart rhythms between two individuals as they pertained to empathy. Statistical significance was confirmed by an independent sample t-test. The HRP and HRC correlation(r) between persons increased significantly with empathy in comparison to an interaction that was not empathetic. A difference of the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and the dominant peak frequency decreased. Therefore, significant parameters to evaluate empathy have been proposed through a step-wise discrimination analysis. Empathic interactions may thus be managed and monitored for high quality social interaction and communication.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.123-149
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• 2015

Even though papers and patents generated by public research institutions including universities are continuously increasing in Korea, commercialization of research outputs is significantly lower than developed countries. Therefore, it is very important to improve the effectiveness of technology licensing offices(TLOs) of universities. In this study, we study effects of the patent manager dispatch program(PMDP) of the Korean Patent Office(KPO) on the performance of TLOs. KPO has dispatched patent experts to selected TLOs under the PMSD since 2006. Based on data of 126 TLOs, we analysed whether the PMSD has improved the performances of beneficiary TLOs. We tested two related hypotheses: (1)Whether or not a TLO received the dispatch service had effects on its performance? (2)Were early beneficiaries more effective than late beneficiaries or non-beneficiaries because of cumulative learning effects? The main findings are as follows. The past experience in itself did not improve performances of beneficiary TLOs. However, early beneficiaries were better than late beneficiaries or non-beneficiaries, that is, some learning effects might help the beneficiary TLOs improve their performances.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.97-130
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• 2014

The purpose of the study was to investigate the aspects of analogy of high school student's thinking process revealed in the inquiry activity with synthetic division. The case study method of qualitative research was conducted with two high school 10th grade students. Structure-mapping model(SMM) of Gentner and similarity frames which were proposed by other researchers were utilized to analyze the data. Two students used analogy as a tool and they could discover synthetic division of more than 2 degrees, but they revealed different levels of mathematics discovery depending on the different degree of analogical thinking. Surface similarity in the process of inquiry activity played a vital role in analogical thinking. We asked students to explore and discover analogy based on structure similarity. Analogy based on the systematic approach made it possible to predict upper domain. Analogy based on the procedure similarity induced internalization. We could conclude that analogy has instrumental, heuristic and reflective characteristics.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2006

As is commonly said, music is 'language of emotions.' It is because sound is a plentiful modality to communicate the human sensibility information. However, most researches of auditory displays were focused on improving efficiency on user's performance data such as performance time and accuracy. Recently, many of researchers in auditory displays acknowledge that individual preference and sensible satisfaction may be a more important factor than the performance data. On this ground, in the present study we constructed the sound sensibility dimensions ('Pleasure', 'Complexity', and 'Activity') and systematically examined the attributes of sound on the sensibility dimensions and analyzed the meanings. As a result, sound sensibility dimensions depended on each sound attributes , and some sound attributes interact with one another. Consequently, the results of the present study will provide the useful possibilities of applying the affective influence in the field of auditory displays needing the applications of the sensibility information according to the sound attributes.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.73-78
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• 2010

Background: Although collaboration for community health is emphasized, the concept and process of collaboration are rather unclear. International research has classified the types of collaboration and focused on the factors influencing successful collaboration. Greater attention is needed for collaboration practice and research domestically. Findings: By the level of intensity, the types of collaboration range from simpler networking to more formal and sophisticated collaboration. A 4-stage collaboration development consists of formation, implementation, maintenance, and institutionalization stages. Influential factors for collaboration development include: shared goals; operational structure and process; sufficient resources; member and leadership characteristics; environment and climate for collaboration; and information exchange and communication. Discussion: Most of collaboration research so far has dealt with partnerships and coalition building with community-based organizations, and much attention is given to private-public partnership for health. Contextual understanding and collaborative environment are the foremost tasks for us to enhance collaboration for community health in our centralized public health system.