• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2016

This paper analyzed what determines affected FDI inflow of developing countries by using panel data from 65 lower-middle income and low income countries(Asia, Africa and Latin America). Empirical results showed that economic growth has a more positive impact on a middle income country than a lower one, and has a better impact on the Asian continent than others. Trade has similar effect on lower and middle income countries, respectively. ODA, however, has a negative effect on both sides, regardless of the continent. Industrial value added rate and labor force have a positive effect on FDI in low and middle income countries. Infrastructure was found to be a significant impact on FDI inflows in lower-middle income countries than in low income countries. There is no geographically significant difference except Africa.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-88
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• 2003

When the definition of income and the equivalence scale was applied just as it was in the LIS (Luxembourg Income Study), the adjusted disposable income inequality calculated by Gini coefficients in Korea was 0.358 for the year 2000. Compare to the 1996 figure of 0.298 the increase of income inequality has skyrocketed. In addition, the adjusted market income inequality increased from 0.302 in 1996 to 0.374 in 2000. The disposable income inequality ranked the third and the market income inequality ranked at the mid level in 2000 among OECD countries. One significant finding in this paper was that the difference between the disposable income inequality and market income inequality in Korea is very small compared to those of other OECD countries. The relative poverty ratio, which is calculated by using 40% of the medium income bracket of the disposable income was calculated at 7.6% in 1996 and 11.5% in 2000. The poverty ratio in 2000 for Korea ranked one of the highest in OECD countries, also.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.378-389
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• 2013

Health care expenditure might be understood as a core source of social welfare. It is mainly due to the fact that the health care expenditure is closely related to the level of social welfare. And, therefore, the paper is basically designed to investigate the effect of social welfare improvement resulted from an increasing in per capita, private, public, and total health care expenditures during 1995-2009 periods. Empirical evidence reveals that the improvement of social welfare in middle income group reveals the highest improvement in social welfare, and the other income groups maintain a quite similar pattern in improvement of social welfare. As far as category of health care expenditure concerns, the effect of social welfare improvement by per capita health care expenditure is in general lower in all case. And, private sector achieves the highest improvement of social welfare in comparing with public and total health care expenditures. To this end, it could be tentatively concluded that the private health care expenditure has to be substituted for the public sector to induce market-oriented operational system. Accordingly, it would be better to build an institutional basis more elaborately in setting up the market system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.602-617
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of income-led growth path induced by government and consumption expenditures. Six of Nordic countries, Latin American countries and South Korea are selected for this purpose due to the fact that these countries have been pursuing income-led growth policy for more than the last decade except South Korea. The structural equation is formulated based on the government and consumption expenditures with lagged variable, and the GLMs estimation is employed for empirical analysis. Although the impacts are not overwhelmingly effective, empirical evidence suggests that income-led growth path contributes to stimulate economic activities which are associated with increasing in national income in Nordic countries and South Korea. However, the income-led growth path is quite weakly operated. Furthermore, it is even unstable in Latin American countries. In addition to this, the policy target would rather be focused on middle consumption group than low consumption group. Overall, it would be concluded that the income-led growth policy should be implemented for complementary purpose. And, it also has to be mentioned that sustainable growth may not be achievable by this policy.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2006

Recent migration is led by skilled labor, This paper performes a cross-country analysis to find the determinants of skilled migration using recently released Doquier and Marfouk(2005) data as dependent variable and economic indicators of nations as independent variables. Regression results show that the skilled migration to OECD countries are driven not only by income motive but also by structural factors, such as industrial structure and life expectancy, which have broader meanings in development. It is noteworthy that structural factors of a nation become more important as its income level rises. English seems to have positive effect on skilled migration. Some region-specific factors, proximity to USA of Caribbean countries and political instability of Gold Coast countreis, for example, are found. Middle-income countries seem to be the most vulnerable to the possible risk of brain drain.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1606-1632
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• 2018

This study analyzes the technology billionaires with the combination of technology commercialization studies and billionaire research. However, we will not discuss individual billionaires, but discuss the general features of technology billionaires. This study assumes that the answers to the technology commercialization studies are in the technology billionaire researches. In other words, unlike the technology commercialization studies so far, it can be said that it is a retrospective approach of technology commercialization to see the process and the beginning from the result. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, technology billionaires are in the middle rank among industries, but their wealth is the best. Second, in the technology sector, four 20s are self-made billionaires. It is a matter of securing technological opportunities, not a long training and preparation. Third, the determinants of technology billionaires are population size and venture capital investment. This means technological efforts and sufficient market conditions are the basis for the development of technology billionaires. Fourth, only high income is not the determinant of technology billionaires. There are many small countries that are very rich but can not utilize technology. Technology billionaires can appear in countries with a minimum of US $ 20,000, unless the country has a huge population such as China and India. Sixth, technology billionaires in the diversified business, classified as Chaebol in low-income countries become scarce in the countries over the US $ 40,000. Billionaires will increase rapidly from the mid-2000s. However, this is not explained by the income increase effect. The world's income increase has been slowing since the 1980s. The market economy effect of the socialist countries is not the reason, because it is limited to some socialist countries. Ultimately, the main reason is the new technology opportunity called the IT paradigm.