• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2007

The nutritional compositions of different parts (roots, leaves, and seeds) of two lotus species (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner), Muan's white-flowered and Naju's pink-flowered, are as follows; crude protein content in the seed was four times higher and the carbohydrate content was three times higher than those in the root and leaf. Comparing between the species, the crude protein content of the white lotus was the higher than that of the pink lotus, but the carbohydrate content was comparatively lower. The potassium content of the minerals in all samples was much higher than those in others. Additionally, the iron content of the root was much higher than those in the leaf and seed. In both species, the major free sugar in the root was sucrose; the main sugars in the leaf were fructose and alucose, and those in the seed were stachyose, raffinose, and sucrose. Among amino acids, glutamic acid showed the highest level in the leaf and seed, while aspartic acid was the highest in the root.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.457-464
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• 1998

For investigating the effect of amount of applied fertilizer with pig and chicken manures in the field, the number of soil bacteria were counted on the full strength conventional nutrient broth (NB) medium and its 100-fold dilution (DNB) medium. From the control soil samples without organic amendments, the number of bacteria on DNB medium was 5 to 10 times higher than that on NB medium. However, population density on NB medium was higher than on DNB medium from the treated soil with 60 and 120 Mg/㏊ for 3 years. Most of isolates from DNB plates did not grow on the NB plates. There were only grown on the 100-fold dilution medium, so it was called as DNB organisms. The DNB organisms were occupied as dominant group over 60% fo isolates in control soil. However, their occupation rates were rapidly decreased in the treatment soil with pig and chicken manures above 60 and 120 Mg per ha. These DNB organisms (oligotrophs) were significantly low population desities in the treatment soil with organic materials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.33-42
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• 2000

This Paper is a Part of research Project series to analyze unique traffic characteristics observable within weaving sections on urban freeways. The research objectives were to establish with headway distribution and maximum Passing volume on weaving sections the basis of weaving designs that can promote safety and efficiency. Until now, when one wants to check the maximum Passing volume on weaving sections, it is taken for granted using headway distribution of freeway basic section. However. it was suspected in this research that for weaving sections different form of headway distribution had better be used. To prove this, field surveys were made to count headway intervals which supposedly were influenced not only by freeway basic section flows but also by weaving flows and later on used to develop headway distribution for weaving sections. For validation of the developed headway distribution, $x^2$-test was applied to three different data set of observed headways, currently used headway distribution for basic sections(Pearson Type III distribution) and new headway distribution. The result indicated new headway distribution as the most appropriate distribution form. Also, maximum passing volume within weaving sections was calculated based on new headway distribution and compared with Drew's maximum Passing volume.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.220-228
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• 2003

This study was to examine the thermodynamic features of polyelecrolytic adsorption of polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin(PAE) in a papermaking wet-end. The PAE adsorption experiments were conducted in a stirred jar containing an aqueous fibrous suspension and evaluated in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich parameters. The electrokinetic property of a stock was examined by measuring the zeta potential of each colloidal suspension. The polyelectrolytic PCD titration was employed to determine the adsorbed amounts of PAE polymer. The zeta potential of a stock, being varied significantly depending upon the addition of PAE polymer, showed initially a sharp increase and later an exponential decay as a function of time . The PAE adsorption exhibited a pseudo-Langmuir adsorption behavior at$20^{\circ}C$ , whereas its Freundlich power(v) increased in a proportional way at an elevated temperature. The train numbers calculated on the basis of adsorption thermodynamics were 7 to 8. The length of the extended loop of PAE was calculated as 215 nm at $20^{\circ}C$ and increased at a rate of 9% at every $10^{\circ}C$ rise in temperature. The PAE adsorption was proven to be an exothermic physisorption with the estimated adsorption enthalpy of -27 to -29 kJ/mol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.615-620
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• 2013

To extend the shelf-life of salted Chinese cabbages, electrolyzed water (EW) was used to wash raw Chinese cabbages before the salting process (to control microbial growth), and different storage temperatures evaluated (0, 4, and $10^{\circ}C$). A tap water washing group (TW) was used for comparison. The initial total bacterial population was 5.36 log CFU/g in the TW treatment and 3.50 log CFU/g in the EW treatment. The EW treatment decreased bacterial numbers by approximately 2 log CFU/g compared to the TW treatment and kept this initial population number for 32 days at $0^{\circ}C$. The salinity had no difference during storage. In general, several factors (pH, reducing sugars, hardness, and transmittance) decreased over time, and decreased slowly with EW treatment and $0^{\circ}C$ storage. Overall, the salted Chinese cabbages with EW treatment showed lower bacterial populations compared to TW treatment, and when stored at $0^{\circ}C$, delayed decreases in quality.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 1988

The stage-discharge relation curve(rating curve) is the basic formula in hydrologic analysis. It plays an important role in converting to the discharge from available flood water level data including the daily mean stage. However, the river induces a cross section change at the gauging station because of the composed material of the river bed and three processes of the stream flow; i.e., erosion, transportation, and sedimentation. Rating curve has to be revised according to the temporal variation of the river bed due to the those factors. In this study, the basic rating curve is developed with respect to the current river bed to convert the existing rating curves and also to seize the hydraulic and geometric characteristics for the temporal variation of the river bed, relationships among the basic rating curve and the existing rating curves, water level, cross sectional area, and flow velocity are analyzed. Indogyo station, which is not only the key station of the Han river but also greatly changed the river bed after completion of the Han river development plan during the year 1983 to 1986, was chosen for the study. In this study, the river bed is assumed in a dynamic equilibrium condition. The basic rating curve is developed using hydrologic data of the physical year of 1987. For a given discharge, relationships for conversion of previous data, stage and velocity, the current one are formulated. To verify the usefulness of the relationships, stage-cross sectional area and stage velocity formula are also derived. Both hydrologic method using continuity equation and statistical method by the rating curve are compared and checked, then the validation of the both are positively shown.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2003

This study was carried out to cryopreserve and to investigate characteristics of semen in Hanwoo. Semen was obtained from bulls selected by Daekwanryeong Branch station. Semen was collected each morning of the experiment, placed in water jacketed tubes at 37$^{\circ}C$, and trans-ported to the research laboratory within 10 minutes. Semen was extended with Egg yolk-glycerol extender to contain 50${\times}$10$^{6}$ sperm/ml. Semen was cooled over a 6h period in water jacketed tubes from about 25 to 5$^{\circ}C$, Egg yolk-glycerol extender was added in one step at 5$^{\circ}C$. Semen was aspirated into 0.5ml straws, which were sealed with powder. Egg yolk-glycerol extender, which is used in Hanwoo sperm frozen and stored, semen from 13 Hanwoo bulls collected, the postthawed percentages of motile sperm were 65.7%. In semen characteristics of Hanwoo bulls, number of bulls volume are 5.7 ml and total cell count are 975${\times}$10$^{6}$ m1 ejaculate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.475-481
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• 1984

Estimation of the penetration rate of humectants has been considered to be important in effective control of food processing when intermediate moisture food is manufactured by the moist-infusion method. In this study, when shark (Isurus glaucus) muscle was soaked in four common humectants (sucrose, sorbitol, glycerol, and propylene glycol), the equation of their penetration rate was drawn as a function of time using high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Penetration rates increased with soaking temperatures and decreased inversely with molecular weights of humectants. The penetrated amounts for 10% humectant solution reached about equilibrium after soaking for 10 hours and for 30% humectant after soaking for about 7 hours. In consideration with the penetration rate of the sample soaked in 10% humectant and complex solution of each 10% humectant, little difference was found between them. When the sample was soaked in 10% humectant and 30% humectant, it seemed to be able to apply the following regression equation to estimate the penetrated amounts: M = a log (c.t)+ b where M = penetrated amounts; c = concentration of humectant; t= soaking time; a, b = constant and c.t should be within $10^3\;-\;4{\times}10^4$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.694-702
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• 2002

Activated carbons have been used as adsorbents in various industrial application, such as solvent recovery, gas separation, deodorization, and catalysts. In this study, the effects of residual water on the activated carbon adsorbent surface on the adsorption capacity of $CCl_4$ were investigated. Adsorption behavior in a fixed bed was studied in terms of feed concentration, flow rate, breakthrough curve and adsorption capacity for $CCl_4$. Desorption characteristics of residual water on activated carbon were also studied. The water contents of the activated carbon were varied in the range of 0-20%(w/w) and all experiments were performed at 298.15 K. The adsorption equilibrium data $CCl_4$ on the activated carbon were well expressed by Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity of $CCl_4$ decreased with increasing residual water content. Desorption of residual water in activated carbon decreased expotentially with $CCl_4$ adsorption. The obtained breakthrough curves using LDF(linear driving force) model represented our experimental data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.505-508
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• 2016

In city, tracing of power transmission lines is difficult due to compound installation of overhead and underground lines, transposition, bad view caused by trees or big buildings. It is hard problem for electrical technician on site to trace power transformers or power lines to serve customers in 3 phase -4 wires power distribution systems. It is necessary that the correct and fast tracing method is required for load balancing among distribution lines. Old technology use to trace lines with high power impulse injection. Our proposed method uses to trace lines with very small power high frequency signal injection. Simulation models for 3-phase power transformers, 3-phase wire lines, and customer loads are described to investigate the transmission characteristics of high frequency power line carrier. Distribution lines have only a limited ability to carry higher frequencies. Typically power transformers in the distribution system prevent propagating the higher frequency carrier signal. The proposed method uses the limited propagation ability to identify the power transformer to serve customers. The system consists of a transmitter and a receiver with power-line communication module. Some experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical concepts in a big commercial building. Also some simulations are done to help and understand the concepts by using MATLAB Simulink simulator.