• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5049-5055
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to emphasis the fact that the oral cavity should be well-managed as it is where the intake of the valuable nutrition for the baby is made, among many other important factors and changes that the pregnant women go through as they prepare for the birth of a human being for 10 months. For this, we surveyed the management of the oral hygiene and the awareness of oral health by the pregnant women. The result showed that the nauseating during the brushing of the teeth and the use of the oral hygienic products varied among different standard of lives with statistical significance. As for the standard of living, those in higher level showed also a higher level of the use, while the middle and low standard of living showed lower level of usage of the oral hygienic products. In case of the dental treatment during the pregnancy, most of the interviewees answered they do not receive dental treatment during pregnancy in the fear of bad influence on the baby and the potential risk of congenital anomaly. The perceived necessity of the education on the oral health was generally high. And, for the contents of such education, they preferred the timing of the dental treatment, the content of the treatment, and misunderstandings regarding the dental treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2017

Unusual precipitation caused by typhoons and severe rain stormscan threaten human life and property. Thus, various organizations prepare emergency action plans (EAPs) to provide proper guidelines for operators, experts, and emergency response personnel to protect and enhance critical infrastructure. For example, FEMA and DHS have various types of EAPs for dams, levees, and other structures to protect people and property. FEMA defines EAPs as official documents to decrease the damage and impact in emergency situations and to reduce casualties. These documents should consider all possible situations in an emergency and can reduce problems in facility management. This study analyzes EAPs for infrastructure from the USA, Japan, and Korea in order to suggest an ideal EAP framework. EAPcontent can include how to guide experts and operators in disaster stages (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery), how to operate emergency equipment, and how to protect critical infrastructure and life. The suggested EAP framework performed very well in a test location. It can therefore be used for infrastructure organizations in Korea and to inform of the appropriate processes and methods for risk reduction in flood disasters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.33-50
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to seek the spatial organization and prototype landscape through literature reviews, historical evidences, and field surveys for Donggwanwangmyo(東關王廟) shrine in Seoul. The results were as follows : First, the basic layout of the main buildings in Donggwanwangmyo which is the remains influenced by China had bilateral symmetry on the central axis between the north and south. Second, the Chinese forms and features were found at Jeong-jeon and middle gate in Donggwanwangmyo, and the symbolic elements of royal authority was also found in each space of Donggwanwangmyo. Third, spatial organization was classified as the entrance and the ritual area, and the entrance area was maintained by administrators and was used as the place of ritual ceremony preparation. Fourth, the original form of Donggwanwangmyo had been damaged due to the project for making urban park in the 1970s. The most of the existing trees and shrubs which are not suitable to the shrine should be removed to recover the original landscape of Donggwanwangmyo and chui-byoung(翠屛), pond, landscape facilities also needed to be restored. Fifth, Donggwanwangmyo needed to reorganize the pious atmosphere to recover of the shrine environment, and needed to be reclassified as historical site. Finally, some criticizes that Donggwanwangmyo is the result of Toadyism, but Donggwanwangmyo can be used as the valuable tourism resource through the awareness that Donggwanwangmyo was built under the situation of Joseon Dynasty, and organization and understanding that Donggwanwangmyo is a symbolic remains for the exchange between Korea and China.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

This paper introduces a pilot CDMA network-based wireless lap time measurement system set up on a ski slope of Yongpyong Ski Resort. The wireless lap time measurement system is one output of U-Sports Project of Gangwon Province, which is intendended for promoting local strategic business and preparation for hosting 2018 Winter Olympic Games at Pyeongchang. A pair of laser sensors is installed at the entry and exit points of a section requiring lap time measurement on a ski slope. Each laser sensor is connected to a sensor node via wire so that the sensor node can detect the time when a skier enters or exits the section. Also each sensor node is connected to a CDMA network via a modem and receives a standard time from a NTP server. Each node executes the NTP algorithm to synchronize its local time to the received server time. As a result of the time synchronization, the sensor nodes maintain its local time within a resolution of at least 10 miliseconds and transmit the time of detection to a central control center. While the wireless lap time measurement system introduced in the paper does not need expensive measurement equipment, the system allows the central control center to provide lap time records in a more convenient manner compared to conventional manual lap time measuremnt methods.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-291
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• 2020

Shield TBM is a tunnelling method that has a wider range of applications in the poor ground condition compared to conventional tunnels (Drill and Blast). Currently, a 13.3 m large-diameter slurry shield TBM is preparing for construction to pass under the Han River. Shield TBM is divided into slurry and EPB shield TBM, and management items during construction are different depending on each characteristic. In this paper, the equipment type, origin, application case and trouble case were analyzed for slurry shield TBM, which is mainly constructed in soft ground. In addition, 2D and 3D model tests were conducted on the condition of soil depth for the possibility of slurry leakage into front of the equipment, with appropriate chamber pressure. Based on this paper, it proposed to provide basic and reference data for proper excavation surface pressure and chamber pressure during construction of slurry shield TBM under soft ground conditions, and proposed measures to minimize stability and environmental decline due to slurry ejection.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.155-179
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of graduate students participating in the Brain Korea21 (BK21) project in five supporting areas of the project: curriculum, job searching and career development, academic development, the globalization of education, and educational environment. A further objective was to find efficient methods of providing students with stable academic and financial support for their research in order to develop them as distinguished researchers. In order to answer research questions, this study conducted a survey of the BK21 project satisfaction with students majoring in humanities or social sciences and analyzed the survey results. The tool has 7 dimensions: 'curriculum', 'job searching and career development', 'stable support for academic development', 'support for academic activities out of school', 'globalization of education', 'lectures in English', and 'educational environment'. The survey found that survey participants were in general satisfied with the BK21 project. Of these 7 dimensions, the results showed remarkably high satisfaction dimensions for 'stable support for academic development' and 'support for academic activities out of school' while indicating a comparatively low satisfaction for 'job searching and career development'. The result and analysis of this study suggests that the BK21 project needs to emphasize the following: PR for the project, provide opportunities for the training for career development and job information to students, modify the areas of academic support, remodel programs of short- and long-term studies in foreign countries, improve the educational service system for lectures in English, and secure research facilities.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.98-106
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• 2019

Recently, the number of project delay-related claims and disputes in Korean construction projects has been increasing rapidly. This suggests that the domestic construction contract practice, which has traditionally been superior to the client, is changing into a mutually balanced relationship among the contracting parties. The project delay analysis selects the application method according to the type of schedule approved at the start of the construction and how the schedule management was performed during the construction. The most important prerequisite for project delay analysis is that a complete CPM schedule agreed at the beginning of the construction is prepared and the actual progress of such schedule is well documented. This study is about applying the project delay analysis methodology of a case where a contractor claims damages to a client while constructing a large new private building construction project. In this study, it is determined whether the application of the as-planned analysis method is appropriate to the incomplete CPM schedule and then proposes the as-planned vs. as-built analysis method based on the new standard as an alternative. Next, apply the as-planned vs. as-built analysis method to the schedule in the case project, and then compare it with the result of the as-planned analysis method. The purpose of this study is to suggest a project delay analysis method suitable for the domestic schedule management practices, so that it can be used as a meaningful reference in project delay disputes and litigations of domestic construction projects.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.133-157
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• 2012

This study analyzed plans for retirement by focusing on preferred retirement timing(PRT) measure. Current pension program show rather strong guideline about the timing of full-retirement. This study asked whether the middle age group are willing to retire correspond to the policy guidelines or not. Research sample came from 2008 KLOSA data, recruiting 1,367 workers who are residing in cities or in metropolitan area (women: 34.8%). I have analyzed one item question asking "In what age do you want to fully retire?", The results showed that, about two third of respondents declared they do not want to retire unless they have health problems, or would expect to retire no earlier than age 70. However, a third of respondents expected normal retirement coming between 60~64. Second, the determinants of timing for retirement were differ by PRT. Social determinants, such as gender, short work hours, being employed, and higher status in family income were associated with early PRT. While, good health status, positive view on the future economics were highly associated with late PRT. The results reveal that the timing of retirement is getting more diverse and obscure in the individual level.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.637-658
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• 2022

TBM tunnel is simple with the iterative process of excavating the ground, building a segment ring-build, and backfilling. Drill & Blast, a conventional tunnel construction method, is more complicated than the TBM tunnel and has some restrictions because it repeats the inspection, drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, muck treatment, and installation of support materials. However, the preparation work for excavation requires time and cost based on a very detailed plan compared to Drill & Blasting, which reinforces the ground and forms a tunnel after the formation of tunnel portal. This is because the TBM equipment for excavating the target ground determines the success or failure of the construction. If the TBM, an expensive order-made equipment, is incorrectly configured at the assembly stage, it becomes difficult to excavate from the initial stage as well as the main excavation stage. When the assembled shield TBM equipment is dismantled again, and a situation of re-assembly occurs, it is difficult throughout the construction period due to economic loss as well as time. Therefore, in this study, the layout and plan of the site and the assembly process for each major part of the TBM equipment were reviewed for the assembly of slurry shield TBM to construct the largest diameter road tunnel in domestic passing through the Han River and minimized interference with other processes and the efficiency of cutter head assembly and transport were analyzed and improved to suit the site conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.433-443
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• 2021

Value Engineering(VE) is an organized effort to create the most value through a functional analysis and creation of alternatives. Depending on the VE job plan, a VE Workshop must be performed in a certain place within a certain period of time. A VE Workshop, which is an organized activity that aims to create the best value through functional analysis and creation of alternatives, should be held in a certain place and at a scheduled time according to the VE job plan. In the Pre-Study, VE Study and Post-Study phases of VE, functional assessments, performance evaluations and idea evaluations are driven by variable management techniques and analysis methods, respectively. Generally, VE is executed for about 3 to 5 days in a particular place to create value. However, there are many problems associated with limiting all VE processes to a specific place and schedule. Moreover, in Korea, VE teams are required to finish all VE processes in a limited time because of the short duration of VE workshops, the necessity of which has been overlooked. Therefore, an efficient VE support system is required to resolve the problem of time and space limitations. In this study, a VE support system based on the Mobile environment was developed to support the VE Workshop process. This VE support system enables participants to review design documents, drawing sheets and all VE-related documents using mobile devices. After the Workshop, participants can conveniently rearrange the result(evaluation of function and ideas) at the workshop. Not only can the members of VE team can review the design documents, drawing sheet and all VE-related documents in the step before the workshop, but also the result(evaluation of function and ideas) of the workshop can be easily rearranged in the phase after the workshop under the developed supporting system using mobile devices.