• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.253-267
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern and the magnitude of stress distribution in the supporting tissues surrounding implant fixture with different diameter of implant fixtures(3i implant, Ø4.0, Ø5.0, Ø6.0mm and UCLA abutments(Ø4.1, Ø5.0, Ø6.0mm using photoelastic stress analysis. Photoelastic model was made with PL-2 resin(Measurements Group, Raleigh, USA) and three implants of each diameter were placed in the mandibular posterior edentulous area distal to the canine. Individual crowns were fabricated using UCLA abutments. Photoelastic stress analysis was carried out to measure the fringe order around the implant supporting structure under simulated loading conditions(15 lb, 30 lb). The results were as follows; 1. The more the diameter of implant fixture was increased, the less the stress concentration on cervical area of fixture was observed under loading. 2. Increasing mesiodistal diameter of implant superstructure had no much influence on stress distribution around implant fixture. 3. The use of smaller abutment had no influence on stress distribution around implant fixture. The use of smaller abutment diameter than that of implant fixture had no favorable effect on implant supporting tissue at biomechanical consideration.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.526-535
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• 2011

A new failure criterion for concrete, which takes into account the effect of the intermediate principal stress, is proposed. The new criterion, which takes the advantages from both the Mohr-Coulomb and the Willam-Warnke criteria, is linear in the meridian section, while its octahedral section is always smooth and convex. Fitting the triaxial compression data with the proposed criterion shows the high performance of the new criterion. A new formula for the factor of safety of concrete is defined based on the new failure criterion and it is employed in the stability analysis of the concrete plugs installed in the pilot plant. The new formula for the factor of safety measures the degree of closeness of a stress state to the failure surface in the octahedral plane. Finally, 3-D finite element analyses of pilot plant were carried out to obtain the stress distributions in the plugs. Then, the stress distributions are converted to those of factor of safety by use of the proposed formula. Based on the distribution of factor of safety in the concrete plugs, the stability of the tapered and wedge-shaped plugs is evaluated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.343-349
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• 2014

The dental osseointegration implant should be enough to endure occlusion load and it's required to have efficient design and use of implant to disperse the stress into bones properly. Solidworks as a finite element analysis program for modeling and analysis of stress distribution was used for the research. The simple crown model was designed on applying conjoined condition with tightening torque of 20 Ncm of a abutment screw between a cement retained implant abutment and a fixture. A $45^{\circ}$ oblique loading from lingual to buccal side on buccal cusps of crown and performed finite element analysis by 100 N of external load. The results by a analysis for stress distribution of supporting bones of fixture were as below. The von Mises stress was concentrated on the upper side of supporting compact bone regardless of the diameters and lengths of fixture, and the efficiency result of stress reduction was increase of fixture's diameter than it's length. Therefore, it's effective to use wider fixture as possible to the conditions of supporting jaw bone.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 1998

Eighteen oriented samples from the Jeongsun limestone of the Joseon Supergroup are collected. The orientations of C-axis of calcite and e twin plane, the average thickness, numbers of twins and the widths of calcite grains in 10 samples are measured. Then, the twin strain, mean width, intensity of twin and relative magnitude and orientations of principal stresses are calculated using Calcite Strain Gauge program. Twin strain, mean width and intensitv rainge between 0.801%~10.927%, $0.43{\mu\textrm{m}}~2.03{\mu\textrm{m}}$, and 33.5~113.4twim/mm, respectively. Metamorphic temperatures calculated from twin show below $70^{\circ}C$, indicating that twins were developed within 2.3km depth. In five samples, two events with different orientations of principal stress produced calcite twins, while only one event produced calcite twins in five samples. The direction of the maximum stress is almost horizontal and the minimum is almost vertical, indicating that the stress regirne is identical with thrust fault. E-W and NW-SE are the most dominant directions of comressive stress and N-S and NE-SW directions are also shown. Comparision between paleostress orientations measured in the study and others indicates that the maximum horizontal stress oriented to E-W may represent the paleostress of period either from the Silurian to the Triassic or from the Silulian to the Permian. Paleostress oriented to NW-SE may be the major direction of stress during the Daeho orogeny.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.427-436
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various occlusal loads on the stress distribution of the buccal cervical region of a normal maxillary second premolar, using a three dimensional fnite element analysis (3D FEA). After 3D FE modeling of maxillary second premolar, a static load of 500N of three load cases was applied. Stress analysis was performed using ANSYS (Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA). The maximum principal stresses and minimum principal stresses were sampled at thirteen nodal points in the buccal cervical enamel for each four horizontal planes, 1.0 mm above CEJ, 0.5 mm above CEJ, CEJ, 0.5 mm under CEJ. The results were as follows 1. The peak stress was seen at the cervical enamel surface of the mesiobuccal line angle area, asymmetrically. 2. The values of compressive stresses were within the range of the failure stress of enamel. But the values of tensile stresses exceeded the range of the failure stress of enamel. 3. The tensile stresses from the perpendicular load at the buccal incline of palatal cusp may be shown to be the primary etiological factors of the NCCLs.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 1989

This study has been carried out as a fundamental course for the analysis of the constitutive- equation for the materials like sands being hardened during Ehear. For this aim, experimentall tests with variable stress paths for the concrete material are performed using the cubical multi- axial test in which the three principle stresses are arbitrarily controlled. Stress-strain behaviors. and strength characteristics are suggested in octahedral planes. Various tests such as HC, CTC, . TC, 55 are performed. The main results summarized are as follows; 1. The order of strength from the largest to the smallest is CTC, TC, SS, and TE test. 2. The octahedral Ehear strength of concrete specimens is dependent upon the stress path(8) 3. There is a direct relation between strength and confining pressure. 4. The ultimate envelopes in the octahedral planes are non-circular-cone shaped. 5. Any ultimate criteria used to predict the strength behavior of concrete must include thin effect of the tensile stresses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.1 s.74
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• pp.93-102
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• 2005

Manufacturing conventional column base plate requires much manpower and time. In this research, a new method for constructing column base plate is introduced to improve on conventional methods through the use ofcast steel that is available for adjusting base plate thickness and enlarging base plate stiffness. The main purposes include reducing welding work, enlarging base plate stiffness, and clarifying the stress flow. Also, construction convenience and improvement in quality can be expected. For developing this cast steel base plate, test specimens of conventional and cast steel base plates are made and tested to analyze strength and stiffness. Also, the efficiency for long-term use is checked by fatigue tests. From these comparative tests, cast steel base plates have the same strength and stiffness as conventional base plates.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution characteristics of four different abutment connections on SS-$III^{(R)}$ fixture under occlusal loading, using 3-dimensional finite element method. Materials and methods: The fixture of SS-$III^{(R)}$ (Osstem, Korea) with 4 mm diameter and 11.5 mm length and 4 types of abutments were analyzed; Solid, Com-Octa, ComOcta Gold, and Octa abutment. The models were placed in the area of first molar in the mandible. The 4 loading conditions were; (1) the vertical loading of 100 N on the central fossa, (2) the vertical loading of 100 N on the buccal cusp, (3) the $30^{\circ}$ inclined loading of 100 N to lingual side on the central fossa, and (4) the $30^{\circ}$ inclined loading of 100 N to the lingual side on the buccal cusp. The 3G.Author program was used, the von-Mises stress was calculated and the stress contours were plotted on each part of the implant systems and the surrounding bone structures. Results: Regardless of abutment types and loading conditions, higher stress concentration was observed at the cortical bone. In cancellous bone, the highest stress was observed at apical portion and the maximum stress occurred at the implant neck. The higher internal stress was observed in the fixtures than in the bone. The lowest stress was observed at loading condition 1 and the stress concentration was also lower than any other loading conditions. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the result of this study, it seems that the abutment connection type does not affect much on the stress distribution of bone structure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2C
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• pp.117-123
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• 2008

Disturbed and undisturbed decomposed granite soils with different weathering degrees were extracted and analyzed through a series of tests (CD test, constant P test, etc.) to assess their dilatancy characteristics. Here, dilatancy refers to the volume change that takes place during shearing. As a result, the decomposed granite soil dilatancy impact increased the mean effective stress while concurrently lowering the water content in drained shear tests. In the case of undisturbed decomposed granite soil, which has a lower weathering degree, the water content increased at specific limits during the shearing process. A linear relationship of ${\Delta}V_d/V_1=D{\cdot}(({\sigma}_1-{\sigma}_3)-{\sigma}_c)/{{\sigma}_m}^{\prime}$ forms between shearing-induced volume change and principal stress variance.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.830-835
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• 1994

화재에 의해 손상을 입은 압력용기에 대해 유한요소법을 이용하여 응력해석을 수행하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 응력해석 결과, 압력용기의 자중, 열응력 및 바람의 영향은 내부압력에 비해 무시할 수 있을 정도로 미미하였다. (2) 기하학적 형상변화가 발생한 손상용기의 손상 부위에서의 부식 전\ulcorner후에서의 안전계수는 각각 3.5와 2.1로 손상이 없는 단순용기의 6.3과 4.6보다 상당히 작음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 손상 부위에서의 적절한 보강이 이루어져야 할 것이다. (3) 원형 링과 수직 보조대로 보강된 보강용기 모형의 등가 응력값은 상당히 감소되어 화재로 발생한 기하학적 형상 변화에 따른 응력 집중을 줄일 수 있었다. 앞서 정의된 안전계수를 이용 하면 부식 전의 안전계수는 5.3, 부식 후는 3.8 이상으로 증가하였다. (4) 안전계수는 운전 중의 부식 진행과 더불어 두께에 반비례하여 감소하므로, 운전중 부식의 진행을 억제 또는 최소화할 수 있는 방법이 강구되어야 하겠다. (5) 복구방안으로 본 연구에서 해석된 보강책을 채택하는 경우, 작업시 보조대 주위에서의 잔류 응력이 발생되지 않도록 특히 유의해야 하며, 복구 작업 후 철저한 시험검사(비파괴 검사, 스트 레인 측정)가 수반되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.