• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.33-38
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• 2009

Energy loss from windows accounts for large scores of heating and cooling loads also in energy saving apartments that is reduced over 30% of total energy consumption. Movable reflective insulations, insulation shutters, blinds, insulated shades are used to reduce energy loads from windows. In this study, energy saving performance of insulated shades was simulated by control methods. According to installation of insulated shades, heating loads were decreased about $10.5{\sim}11.3%$, and cooling loads are decreased about $11.0{\sim}15.5%$ on an energy saving apartment. The heating peak load was reduced about 9.5% by insulated shades, but the cooling peak load is hardly ever decreased. Because in the condition of cooling peak load, latent cooling loads accounts for large score of cooling loads. Difference of the energy loads by a schedule control method and an outdoor detection control was no more than 5% for a base model. In the case of insulated shades with automatic control system, simple time schedule control system would be more efficient than outdoor detection control system that should use several sensors.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.291-296
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• 2009

This paper investigates the energy saving potentials of a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) applied to a highrise apartment building. As for a typical $132-m^2$ apartment unit, two different HVAC systems; centralized DOAS-Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panel and decentralized Energy Recovery Ventilator-Packaged Air Conditioner were installed. Transient behavior and control characteristics of each system were modeled numerically using a commercial equation solver program, and annual cooling coil load and heating load reduction potentials were compared. The research shows that DOAS-Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panel system can reduce the cooling coil load over 21% annually compared with the current Energy Recovery Ventilator-Packaged Air Conditioner pair. In addition, over 40% of annual ventilation heating load can be reduced by use of DOAS.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to suggest specific evaluation data for heating and DHW energy consumption characteristics through analyzing energy consumption measurement data of gas boiler in Apartment Buildings with individual heating systems. To do this, it was measured both gas flow and electricity for heating and DHW respectively, and then it was analyzed not only characteristics according to energy sources; gas and electricity, but also the effect of various factors on heating and DHW energy consumption. The result of this study were as follows. It was developed the electric energy estimation model of a gas boiler through analysis on patterns by energy sources. And the effective factors for heating and DHW energy consumption were demonstrated as follows: the area for exclusive use, the number of auxiliary heating equipments, the number of occupants, and the number of sanitary fixtures.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2023

본 연구는 건축물에서 발생하는 탄소배출량에 영향을 미치는 도시특성 요인을 분석하였다. 2021년 서울시 에너지정보 플랫폼에서 구득한 건축물에서 사용된 에너지와 탄소배출량을 이용하여 424개 행정동 단위의 분석을 실시하였다. 종로와 강남, 구로와 목동 등지에서 단위 건물면적당 탄소배출량이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 공간시차모형(SLM)을 이용하여 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 건물의 탄소배출량에 영향을 미치는 변수는 건조환경요인의 상업, 교육, 업무, 공업시설 변수와 인구요인의 생활인구, 교통시설 요인의 통행량, 버스노선 수, 지하철역 수, 환경요인의 녹지면적과 하천면적으로 파악되었다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

The fuel cell system is environment-friendly and energy efficient system. Especially, the fuel cell cogeneration systems providing heat and electricity to buildings have been developed and applied to a lot of sites in the world to cope with the global warming and $CO_2$ emission problem. This paper presents the result of study on the economic evaluation with super-micro fuel cell (SMFC) cogeneration system by varying the floor area ($132m^2{\sim}331m^2$) of the house, whose system capacity ranges from 0.10 kWe to 0.50 kWe. The electricity demand, heat demand, saved energy cost, and the simple pay-back period have been simulated for the various capacities of fuel cell cogeneration system. As a result, this study suggests the fuel cell system’s capacity decision strategy for a given house area. Contrary to conventional design assumptions, the smaller capacity fuel cell cogeneration system is appropriate for the house of large floor area to defense the progressive electricity tax, and the larger capacity fuel cell cogeneration system is appropriate for the house of small floor area to sell the electricity.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.25-28
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• 2008

The fuel cell system is environment-friendly and energy efficient system. Especially, the fuel cell cogeneration systems providing heat and electricity to buildings have been developed and applied to a lot of sites in the world to cope with the global warming and $CO_2$ emission problem. This paper presents the result of study on the economic evaluation with super-micro fuel cell (SMFC) cogeneration system by varying the floor area ($132m^2{\sim}331m^2$) of the house, whose system capacity ranges from 0.10 kWe to 0.50 kWe. The electricity demand, heat demand, saved energy cost, and the simple pay-back period have been simulated for the various capacities of fuel cell cogeneration system. As a result, this study suggests the fuel cell system's capacity decision strategy for a given house area. Contrary to conventional design assumptions, the smaller capacity fuel cell cogeneration system is appropriate for the house of large floor area to defense the progressive electricity tax, and the larger capacity fuel cell cogeneration system is appropriate for the house of small floor area to sell the electricity.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2009

The energy cost is resulted from the energy use. Its sources are divided into some types and depended on the building use or energy-use type. The energy cost should be affected by the amount of the energy use. The cost could be calculated to consider various factors such as the insulation, heating type, building shape and others. But it can not consider all of the affect factors to the energy cost and need to categorize the factors to the condition for estimating the cost. In this paper, it aimed at providing the estimation model in linear equation and multiple linear regression, utilizing the building exterior condition and management characteristics in apartment housing. Its survey are conducted in two parts of management characteristics and building exterior condition. The correlation analysis is conducted to get rid of the multicolinearity among the inputted factors. The number of linear equation model is 11 and includes the 1st, 2nd and 3rd equation function, power function and others. Among these, it suggested the 2nd and 3rd function and power function in terms of the statistics. In multiple linear regression model, the building volume and management area are inputted to the estimation.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 에너지 사용량의 차이를 알아보기 위해 부산시에서 준공된 임대 및 분양아파트의 에너지 사용량을 특정기간동안 분석하였다. 그 결과, 전기 사용량 중 냉방에 소비되는 에너지는 임대아파트는 2.5kWh/m²·yr, 분양아파트는 2.3kWh/m²·yr으로 약 0.2kWh/m²·yr의 차이가 있는 것으로 검토되었다. 전기 사용량 중 난방에 소비되는 평균 에너지는 임대아파트가 3.3kWh/m²·yr, 분양아파트가 2.2kWh/m²·yr으로 약 1.1kWh/m²·yr의 차이를 보였다. 전기장판, 히터 등 전기에너지를 사용하는 임대아파트의 난방 에너지량은 분양아파트보다 많은 것으로 추정된다. 또한, 가스에너지 사용량 중 난방 에너지 사용량은 임대아파트는 7.0kWh/m²·yr, 분양아파트는 6.8kWh/m²·yr로 가스를 이용한 난방에 사용하는 에너지 사용량이 임대아파트보다 적은 것으로 나타났다. 난방에 사용되는 전기 및 가스에너지를 합산하면 분양아파트는 난방에 사용하는 에너지는 9.0kWh/m²·yr, 임대아파트는 10.3kWh/m²·yr으로 추정된다. 난방기간동안 임대아파트는 분양아파트보다 1.3kWh/m²·yr 더 많은 에너지를 사용하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed space heating and domestic hot water(DHW) charges from 2017 to 2018 for 151,206 households in 202 apartment complexes built from 1997 to 2016, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of Korea's insulation standards reinforcement. The applied insulation standards were revised three times(in 1987, 2001 and 2010). We used the Anderson-Darling test to review the normality of the space heating and DHW charges. As a result, each p-value was greater than 0.05 and it followed the normal distribution. The annual average space heating charges per unit area of apartments with the 1987 insulation standards were 5,237￦/㎡a in 2017 and 5,328￦/㎡a in 2018. The heating charges with the 2001 standards were 4,827￦/㎡a in 2017 and 4,817￦/㎡a in 2018. Compared to previous standards(1987 standards), heating charges decreased by 7.8% and 9.6%. Also the heating charges with the 2010 standards were 3,683￦/㎡a in 2017 and 3,734￦/㎡a in 2018. Compared to previous standards(2001 standards), heating charges decreased by 24.3% and 21.5%. On the other hand, compared to each previous standards, DHW charges were decreased by 12.2%, 13.6% or increased by 4.6%, 6.9%, which means there's no correlation between insulation standards reinforcement and DHW charges.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of energy use behaviors and energy saving consciousness of multi-family housing residents. The energy referred to in this study includes electric energy, heating energy and water usage. This study was conducted from a survey carried out in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results of the study are as follows: First, among the survey questions, the only positive energy saving behaviors shown by the occupants was turning off the lights and the television, and in the use of kitchen appliances; it could therefore be concluded that, in general, energy saving attitude and consciousness were not sufficient to reduce energy consumption. Second, the results showed high mean scores for the behaviors which were easy to control, such as turning off lights and televisions, and low mean scores for the behaviors which required extra effort to completely cut off electricity energy such as pulling out the plugs of electronic appliances. Third, it was found that the occupants generally showed the tendency to save heating energy. However, in cases where the occupants were required to continuously and directly experience indoor temperatures, they expressed passive attitudes toward saving energy. Fourth, they showed wasteful attitudes toward water usage by leaving the tap running when taking showers and washing their faces. Fifth, while they showed a strong energy saving consciousness, they also showed a passive attitude about putting this into practice; there was therefore some gap between attitude and behavior. Lastly, among the socio-demographic factors, age and family lifecycle were very important factors affecting energy use and energy saving consciousness.