• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.37
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• pp.263-295
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• 2021

Until recently, academic consensus held that Zhou Dunyi's Taijitu (Taiji Diagram) originated from Cantongqi. However, a new debate has arisen wherein some scholars question that theory and related theories. They criticize these previous theories because the books and charts used as evidence in those theories were published after the lifetime of Zhou Dunyi, and this disqualifies their influence on his thought. However, identifying certain authors as being of a slightly later period than Zhou Dunyi does not definitively answer whether or not Zhou Dunyi's diagram was based on Cantongqi. I approached this problem from a different perspective. Zhou Dunyi's Taijitu is based on the system of taiji (Taiyi), yin-yang, and the five movements. Consequently, the formation of this system should be traced back historically. In the process of tracing it back, I intended to explain that the main character of Cantongqi is closely related to the formation of the system of taiji (Taiyi), yin-yang, and the five movements. The system of taiji (Taiyi), yin-yang, and the five movements was first established as a religious theological system in the Han Dynasty. In this process, yin-yang and the five movements were combined by Dong Zhongshu, and the five movements were introduced by Han Dynasty scholars as a method of interpreting the I-ching. However, Han Dynasty scholars did not form this system. In the late Han Dynasty, Cantongqi adopted the theological system of yin-yang and the five movements to theoretically form the system of taiji (Taiyi), yin-yang, and the five movements. Cantongqi was able to form this system because of the logic that yin-yang is the essence of the I-ching. Cantongqi does not have the same schematic as Taijitu. However, the system of taiji (Taiyi), yin-yang, and the five movements appears and extracts the components that make up Taijitu. Therefore, I do not think we should hastily agree with the recent claims made by scholars.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.58
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• pp.5-36
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• 2017

This study aims to empirically analyze whether the women's cognitive attitude toward gender role, which is formed through social norms, enforces the gender division of housework. In this study, 4,435 married women aged 18-59 years from the 5th wave dataset of Korean Longutudinal Survey of Women and Family Data were selected for analysis. Using the Structural Equation Model(SEM), we examine the direct effect of "attitude toward behavior" and "subjective norm" on the domestic working hours and whether those two independent variables, such as "attitude toward behavior" and "subjective norm," influence the mediator variable "Behavior Intention" which in turn affect the dependent variable. The study reveals that "attitude toward the gender division of housework" has a statistically significant direct effect on the domestic working hours as well as an indirect effect operating through "behavior intention." And"subjective norm "has only a statistically significant indirect effect on the domestic working hours, operating through "behavior intention." Despite the fact that many women are now aware that various work-life balance policies are avaliable to mitigate the gender inequality of domestic works, it is proven that the gender division of housework becomes worse. The reason behind this is not only because there exist some problems in implementing the institutions themselves, but also because women's deeply internalized self-perception of gender role based on the traditional patriarchal culture somehow exacerbates the gender division of housework. Hence, in order to instill a progressive change in gender division of housework, it is important for women to try to change the way they perceive the stereotypical gender roles as well as for men to treat women equally.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the intervention of the nutrition support team (NST) on the nutritional status of critically ill patients. Methods: The medical records of 176 adult patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and received enteral or parenteral nutrition for more than 7 days were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified into the NST and non-NST groups according to whether they were referred to the NST or not. The NST group was further classified into the compliance and non-compliance groups depending on their compliance with the NST recommendations. Results: The NST referral rate was 56.8%, and the rate of compliance with the NST recommendations was 47.0%. Significantly higher energy and protein were provided to the NST and the compliance groups than to the non-NST and the non-compliance groups. The proportion of patients who reached the target calories after the initiation of enteral nutrition was significantly higher in the NST and the compliance groups than in the non-NST and the non-compliance groups. The serum albumin and hemoglobin levels significantly decreased in every group, but the changes were significantly lower in the compliance group. The nutritional status at discharge from the intensive care unit compared to the status at admission was significantly worse in the NST, non-NST, and non-compliance groups. However, the status was maintained in the compliance group. The length of stay in the intensive care unit was significantly shorter in the compliance group. Conclusions: Compliance with the NST recommendations was found to provide more calories and protein and prevent the deterioration of the nutritional status of critically ill patients. Therefore, effective communication between medical staff and the NST from the early stages of admission to the intensive care unit is needed to improve referrals to the NST and compliance with the recommendations.