• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2007

In order to prepare liqueur of Citrus platymamma, 500 g dried peel was soaked in 10 l (5%, w/v) of $30{\sim}95%$ ethanol concentration for 70 days. Changes in pH was $5.19{\sim}4.80$ with 30% ethanol concentration, and the pH was decreased as ethanol concentration decreases for 10 days after soaking. Color a-value was decreased and color b-value was increased according to higher ethanol concentration. Extract was $2.00{\sim}2.19%$ (w/v) with $30{\sim}70%$ ethanol concentration. Acid content was $0.18{\sim}0.21%$ (v/v) with $30{\sim}70%$ ethanol concentration, while $0.13{\sim}0.15%$ (v/v) with 95% ethanol concentration. The contents of fructose and glucose was increased with lower ethanol concentration, and sucrose content was decreased with longer soaking time. Main flavonoids were narirutin, hesperidin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3'4'-methoxylated flavone, and tangeretin. Most flavonoids were extracted more than 80% of ethanol for $3{\sim}5$ days soaking. Total polyphenol was $628.8{\sim}711.2$ ${\mu}g/ml$ with $30{\sim}70%$ ethanol concentration for 20 days soaking. Therefore, to prepare Citrus platymamma peel liqueur, it is necessary to soak the material in $50{\sim}70%$ ethanol concentration for 20 days.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2007

To prepare useful foods from Acanthopanax koreanum, extraction of major constituents by water and ethanol solutions were investigated Reflux extractions of 300 g of dried material of particle size less than 0.5 cm, were carried out in 7.5 L of water, or ethanol solutions (30 -95% v/v) for 9 hr at $100^{\circ}C$. The pH values of extracted solutions were 4.0-6.5. The Color b-value of extracted solutions increased as ethanol concentrations dropped and with longer extraction times. The amounts of material in extracts increased rapidly in the first 2-3 hr of extraction. The extract levels from 30-70% ethanol solutions were 0.27-0.47 g/100 g. The main free sugars of extract were sucrose, fructose and glucose. Eleutherosides were extracted rapidly (within 3 hr), and eleutheroside extraction was best in water or in 30-70% ethanol 95% ethanol solutions were less effective. The eleutherosides were extracted to 97% by water or 30-70% ethanol solutions after 3-5 hr. Acanthoic acid extraction was more affected by ethanol level than by extraction time water achieved only trace extinction. In summary, reflux extraction in 40-70% ethanol for 3-5 hr was adequate for the extraction of functional materials from Acanthopanax koreanum.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 1977

To dry the sweet potato efficiently, the fresh sweet potato was soaked in hot water of $60{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ for $1{\sim}1.5hrs.$ and cut into 0.5cm thick slices, followed by pressing at $40kg/cm^2$. This predehydrated cake contained $43{\sim}55%$ moisture and can be dried further either by sundrying or hot air drying. Using the dried sweet potato, ethanol was produced (ethanol production; 433l/M/T) by the conventional alcohol fermentation. The extracts as a by-product ($340{\sim}450ml$ per Kg of fresh potato) contained 5% total sugar and may be used directly for alcohol fermentation without further concentration.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 1993

In order to brew foxtail millet wine, a folk wine of Cheju, properties of raw materials, optimum brewing conditions were inveatigated. Carbohydrate and crude fat content of glutinuous foxtail millet are 71.27% and 3.47%, respectively. Since the ratio of water to steamed millet and ethanol concentration of wine showed negative correlation, less than 250% water had to added to steamed millet to maintain ethanol concentration in wine above 13%, Sugar consumption and ethanol production increased rapidly for the first 2 days, and main fermentation was done in 4 days. Ethanol concentrations were $13.0{\sim}13.4%$ when foxtail millet was used, and they were $14.0{\sim}14.3%$ for the mixture substrates of 90% millet and 10% rice or barley. Organic acids in millet wine were lactic acid, malic acid and succinic acid. The residual carbohydrates after fermentation were mainly xylose and oligosaccharides. A trace of methanol was detected in millet wine. The content of fusel oil was low, while the concnetration of organic acids was high. Optimum conditions for millet wine-making were as follows. Glutinuous foxtail millet with 10% rice as fermentation source need to be soaked in water and steamed for enough time. Water was added to steamed millet with the ratio of 2 : 1. The resulting mixture was stmnultaneously saccharified and fermented by Aspergillus orzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IAM 4274 at $20^{\circ}C$ for a week. Millet wine was prepared after filtering fermented broth while pressing for a week.

• Feed Journal
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• v.4 no.3 s.31
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• pp.102-109
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• 2006

세계적으로 환경문제의 중요성이 심각하게 대두되고 있고, 그에 따른 관련법규도 강화되어 환경비용이 급속하게 증가하고 있으므로, 식품가공부산물 중에서 비교적 발생량이 많으면서 방치할 경우 환경문제를 야기할 가능성이 높은 맥주박, 비지, 주정박, 전분박 및 감귤박 등에 대한 사료가치 증진방안과 이 들을 원료로 한 한 · 육우에 대한 TMR 제조 및 이용기술을 제시함으로서 생산비절감을 기본으로 한 고급육 생산방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.370-374
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• 2000

Some bacterial strains isolated from activated sludges and media and type cultures were cultivated in a pharmaceutical wastewater and a paperboard wastewater and added during batch treatment of those wastewaters in order for these strains to increase the treatment efficiency. Bacillus sp(PC-3) isolated from the charcoal media of the pharmaceutical wastewater plant grew remarkably over there strains in that wastewater and the viable cell count after 24hr cultivation was $1.1{\times}10^6m/L$. Bacillus subtills KCTC 1028 a type strain grew best in the paperboard wastewater and the viable cell count after 24hr cultivation was $1.1{\times}10^7m/L$. Addition of PC-3 in a batch treatment of the pharmaceutical wastewater increased COD removal by 18% after 8 day. And addition of Bacillus subtills KCTC 1028 in a batch treatment of the paperboard wastewater increased COD removal by 14% only after 24hy Bacillus subtills DCTC 1028 was though to be able to be produced economically using alcohol distillery wastewaters from starch material.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 1982

Torulopsis candida FRI YA-15, a selected yeast, was cultivated in alcohol distiller's waste-filtrate of dried sweet potato for microbial protein production and BOD reduction. The General composition of waste-filterate was BOD$_{5}$ 15700 ppm, COD 36800 ppm, reducing sugar 3300 ppm, total nitrogen 910 ppm, total solids 51800 ppm and ash 390 ppm. The pH of waste was 3.85. The yield to the medium of T. candida cultivated in shake-flask at $25^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs was 3.38g/$\ell$ and effectiveness in reducing BOD$_{5}$ and COD of waste was 38.9% and 31.8%, respectively. In batch cultivation using 3 $\ell$-jar fermenter, maximum yield to the medium reached 3.2g/$\ell$after 28 hrs cultivation under the condition of temperature 35$^{\circ}C$, initial pH 4.0, aeration rate 2vvm, agitation speed 100rpm. Dry yeast was composed of crude protein 47.98% and ash 5.23%.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to compare the antihyperlipidemic effects of different Dendropanax morbifera leaf extracts in vitro. The extracts differed in terms of specimen age, harvesting season, and extraction method. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with these extracts and stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Ethanol was used to induce toxicity in HepG2 cells. Cellular lipid accumulation was quantified using oil red O staining in both these cells. The extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. RAW 264.7 cells treated with the 60% ethanol extract of an 8-year-old specimen harvested in November exhibited the lowest lipid accumulation. The 30% ethanol extract of a 5-year-old specimen harvested in May exhibited the greatest protection from ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. The hot water extract of an 8-year-old specimen harvested in May showed the greatest inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. These results showed that D. morbifera extracts prepared from leaves that are harvested in May possess the highest antihyperlipidemic effects.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.8
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• pp.39-43
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• 1967

In the fermented mash of Takju made from different raw-materials the general components are det. ermined by chemical analysis and the organic acids, sugars are identified by paper chromatography method. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Alcohol content is the highest in the fermented mash made from starch. 2. Contents of organic acid in the fermented mash from rice are more than those in other raw materials including lactic acetic, succinic, fumaric, malic and The citric acid flavour of Takju mainly depends on the components of organic acids. 3. glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, raffinose, xylose are identified in the raw-materials and glucose, sucrose, fructose, xylose are found in the fermented mash. 4. In order to get good-flavour in the starch-fermented mash and flour-fermented mash as well as rice-fermented mash, there should be contented organis as much as rice-fermented mash.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.371-376
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• 1986

This study to elucidate concentrations of impurities such as methanol and fusel oil formed during fermentation process among the different materials and has been applied technical seperation for processing improvement by continuous distillation of super-allospas type. Methanol was formed high concentrations of cutting dried sweet potato and tapioca in order among the different materials during fermentation process. n-Propanol oil was formed high concentration of rice, cutting dried sweet potato, corn, naked barley and tapioca in order among the those materials. I-Buthanol showed high concentration of tapioca, corn, rice, cutting dried sweet potato and naked barley in order and isoamyl-alcohol showed high concentration of tapioca, rice, cutting dried sweet potato, corn and naked barley in order. Using the continuous distillation of super-allospas type, the following are collection ratios of n-propanol, iso-butanol, n-butanol and iso-amylalcohol: 37.9％, 28.6％, 37.4％, and 56.1％ when 78.25％ (v/v), 68.54％ (viv), 50.0％ (viv), and 50.0％ (v/v) alcohol are used, respectively. Fusel oil and bad alcohol put into the recovery column and then seperated directly by side cut of fusel oil partially from plate of tower bottom after concentration again. Extra impurities seperated by fusel oil seperator when 20 ％ (v/v) alcohol adjusted with water.