• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-102
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• 2023

Objective : Autistic Spectrum Disorders(ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by atypical sensory adaptation, communication problem, stereotyped behavior, and feeding disorders. The reasons for ASD feeding disorders are oral sensory motor, cognitive, behavioral, and social problems. Major symptoms include picky eating, selective eating, food refusal, food neophobia, limited food variety, and food aversion. ASD feeding disorders could be accompanied by various problems such as health and nutrition intake problems, feeding development, eating-related sociability, and family and caregiver stress. Feeding problems and disorders in ASD can present from birth. However, ASD is diagnosed by the age of 3, and there might be an appropriate treatment gap. Usually, symptoms of feeding disorders tend to decrease with age. However, the symptoms often remain, so early evaluation, intervention, and periodic checking are necessary. In this study, the general information about the feeding disorder characteristics of ASD, influencing factors, and intervention were described through a literature review. Conclusion : Sensory-based therapy and behavior-based therapies are generally used for feeding disorders in ASD. Sensory-based therapy is effective for food sensitivity and behavior-based therapy for food selection. As the symptoms of feeding disorders in ASD are diverse, a comprehensive approach includes play and participation, oral motor exercise, diet, and daily life. However, appropriate evaluation, intervention protocol, and guidelines for the treatment of feeding disorders in ASD are limited. Therefore, a complex approach based on a more systematic understanding is needed. Feeding rehabilitation specialists, such as occupational therapists, should provide appropriate evaluation and intervention.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2017

Objectives : There has been long lasting trend of deinstitutionalization and public health centered care in management of individuals with disabling mental illness. We aimed to investigate current vocational rehabilitation state and effectiveness of system in korea. Methods : We carried basic survey via telephone and e-mail beforehand to figure out how many and which institutions are operating vocational rehabilitation programs to psychiatric patients. A questionnaire packages were sent to total of 108 institutions in Korea which were operating occupation rehabilitation program. Results : Of 108 institutions, 40.74% were returned with answers. The person in charge of vocational rehabilitation at each institution was mainly mental health social worker(48.8%), and the budget under \1,000,000 was the majority(61.5%) among surveyed institutions. The most commonly used vocational rehabilitation programs was case management(23.1%), followed by psychosocial rehabilitation program(21.2%), and on-the-job training(17.9%). The most effective program was case management(27.4%), followed by psychosocial rehabilitation program(19.8%), on-the-job training(17.9%). The main barrier of occupation rehabilitation to be conducted widely was 'worries about being excluded from beneficiary of National Basic livelihood Protection Act'. Conclusions : Our results suggest that, in spite of high demand in vocational rehabilitation programs, government financial support is still lacking.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1042-1049
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to survey the preliminary data on risk behaviors and to identify the factors that prevent risk-behaviors in late adolescence. Methods : Freshmen(n=1,297) beginning the first semester in Korea University, Seoul, Korea completed self-administered risk behavior questionnaires, comprising 5 domains : demographics, smoking, drinking, drug abuse and sexual behavior. Results : The rate of smoking experience was higher in people having friends who smoke and the predictors of transition to current smoking were male gender, urban residence, friends' smoking, and nicotine dependence. The rate of high risk drinking was higher among students who are male and who had experience of heavy episodic drinking. The study group showed a low prevalence of narcotic users, but two-thirds of students could get medicine easily without prescriptions. The prevalence of sexual experience was 6.5 percent, and the sexual education was not a predictor of contraceptive behavior. The prevalence of homosexuality was 1.6 percent, and the rate of mostly heterosexuality was higher in female students. Conclusion : The main targets of youth health education should be campaigns aimed at atcessation of reinforcing risk behaviors and the development of a surveillance system for the prevention of chronic disease. These results can be used to find risk factors of health-risk behaviors among late adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.43-60
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• 2005

Teaching computer and ICT skills in K-12 helps to bridge the digital divide of the students at the minimum cost, and provides them with a chance of getting a Quality of life as well as a Quality of work in the future. From examining the education policies of U.S., EU, Canada, and other countries, concerning computer education, several factors, including vision and national-level policy, Quality of manpower, needs for computer-related technology, structure of IT industry, overall demand for IT specialists, have been identified as those with major impacts on the curriculum of computer education. Based upon the analysis of domestic key factors, three levels of computer education program are suggested. At the most basic and least controversial level, basic ICT-skill program for effective learning needs to be provided for every student. Next level is concerned with improving the Quality of life and work. A program for introductory level of computer science can be provided as extra-curricular classes for bright and eager students, who might want to be computer expert or specialists.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.67-72
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• 2009

For the fire-fighting industry to advance, it is necessary to conduct research on which parts of the fire-fighting law should be changed from the system level, and to study the opinions of the fire-fighters whoa re working in the fire-fighting industry today, and to identify what needs to be changed. Moreover, it is necessary to become aware on the preventive measures to take to avoid fire so that the citizens can lead stable life. Design business among the fire-fighting facility business, it is the fire-fighting facility business that serves as the most basic when constructing building structure. This is an important legal matter that follows the fire-fighting business, fire-fighting audit business and even the maintenance and management business. This research sought to help the fire-fighting industry to contribute to the life of the general public and to increase welfare by identifying the problems pertaining to the fire-fighting facility design business among the fire-fighting industry so that the industry can become the fire-fighting industry that the citizens are interested in. Moreover, direction for advancement is proposed. As for the improvement measures for the fire-fighting policy pertaining to the fire-fighting facility design business, it is divided into the machinery and electricity fields in terms of the legal system pertaining to the general fire-fighting facility design business. Likewise, specialty in design is deficient. Thus, it should be integrated in a systematic level to contribute to the safety of the general public.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.214-233
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• 2017

For people with physical or sensory limitations, broadcasting is the main means of information acquisition and leisure. Recently, changes in the media environment, such as convergence of broadcasting and communication, digital mobile conversion of broadcasting, and active media usage behavior of users, make broadcasting accessibility of the disabled difficult, and as a result, the information gap between the disabled and the non-disabled is increasing. A notice on broadcasting rights for the disabled was enacted in consequence of the amendment of the Broadcasting Law in July 2011 and the web accessibility guideline became more effective with the amendment of the National Informatization Act in 2013 so that legal basis for the right of media access for the disabled was established. However, media services for them are still lacking quantitatively and qualitatively. In this study, we describe the present status of the audio description service for the visually impaired, and analyze the results of the questionnaire survey on the usage status, satisfaction and improvement requirements of the audio description service for 100 visually impaired people.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.526-539
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the Korean Wave on Chinese tourism to South Korea through a behavioral analysis of Chinese tourists in the general group package tours. China suppressed the needs of the Chinese people's geographical movement and imposed restrictions on information about the outside world with the use of a policy of "closure" for a long time. But since reforms and open-door policies were introduced in China, especially in the context of relaxation of control policies over Chinese outbound tourism after the mid-1990's, more and more Chinese make trips abroad including visits to South Korea. In this situation, the recent Korean Wave(especially, drama/film) describes the Korean national image by forming a bridge between fiction and reality and plays a pivotal role in broadening or reconstructing the geographical imagination of the Chinese people who have been historically isolated from the outside world. Although Chinese have imagined the Korean nationscape on the basis of geopolitical or economic factors in the past, they have currently broadened or reconstructed their geographical imagination to include socio-cultural factors related closely to the Korean way of life due to the recent Korean Wave. This newly constructed geographical imagination led by the Korean Wave functions as an important pulling factor in Chinese destination choices, affecting Chinese tourists' motivation formation and the recommendation of main attractions. The more influential the Korean Wave is on their destination choice, the more the respondents select the cultural factors in both their motivation for tourism to South Korea and their recommendations of tourism attractions to other people. Through the analysis results of both satisfaction and intention to revisit, the more influential the Korean Wave is on their destination choice, the higher is the degree of both satisfaction and intention to revisit. In other words, although Chinese tourism to South Korea is chiefly in the general group package tours, Chinese tourists who are influenced by Korean Wave on their destination choice have more attachment to(or affection for) Korea as a tourism destination. This result suggests that the Korean Wave affects qualitative change - that is, change of attitude - as well as quantitative change in Chinese demand for tourism to South Korea.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.292-302
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• 2012

This paper reviews comparison analysis of current and latest application for stock identification methods of Todarodes pacificus, and the pros and cons of each method and consideration of how to compensate for each other. Todarodes pacificus which migrates wide areas in western North Pacific is important fishery resource ecologically and commercially. Todarodes pacificus is also considered as 'biological indicator' of ocean environmental changes. And changes in its short and long term catch and distribution area occur along with environmental changes. For example, while the catch of pollack, a cold water fish, has dramatically decreased until today after the climate regime shift in 1987/1988, the catch of Todarodes pacificus has been dramatically increased. Regarding the decrease in pollack catch, overfishing and climate changes were considered as the main causes, but there has been no definite reason until today. One of the reasons why there is no definite answer is related with no proper analysis about ecological and environmental aspects based on stock identification. Subpopulation is a group sharing the same gene pool through sexual reproduction process within limited boundaries having similar ecological characteristics. Each individual with same stock might be affected by different environment in temporal and spatial during the process of spawning, recruitment and then reproduction. Thereby, accurate stock analysis about the species can play an efficient alternative to comply with effective resource management and rapid changes. Four main stock analysis were applied to Todarodes pacificus: Morphologic Method, Ecological Method, Tagging Method, Genetic Method. Ecological method is studies for analysis of differences in spawning grounds by analysing the individual ecological change, distribution, migration status, parasitic state of parasite, kinds of parasite and parasite infection rate etc. Currently the method has been studying lively can identify the group in the similar environment. However It is difficult to know to identify the same genetic group in each other. Tagging Method is direct method. It can analyse cohort's migration, distribution and location of spawning, but it is very difficult to recapture tagged squids and hard to tag juveniles. Genetic method, which is for useful fishery resource stock analysis has provided the basic information regarding resource management study. Genetic method for stock analysis is determined according to markers' sensitivity and need to select high multiform of genetic markers. For stock identification, isozyme multiform has been used for genetic markers. Recently there is increase in use of makers with high range variability among DNA sequencing like mitochondria, microsatellite. Even the current morphologic method, tagging method and ecological method played important rolls through finding Todarodes pacificus' life cycle, migration route and changes in spawning grounds, it is still difficult to analyze the stock of Todarodes pacificus as those are distributed in difference seas. Lately, by taking advantages of each stock analysis method, more complicated method is being applied. If based on such analysis and genetic method for improvement are played, there will be much advance in management system for the resource fluctuation of Todarodes pacificus.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.287-294
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the perception and satisfaction of undergraduates majoring in culinary arts and food service with working and internship abroad. The responses of the participants to 10 questions regarding perception and 13 questions regarding the importance and satisfaction with working and internship abroad were measured on a 5 point Likert scale. The primary results were as follows : 1) The subjects were composed of 50.9% male and 49.1% female students, of which 42.1% were employed and 57.9% experienced an internship abroad. 2) Most students went abroad to gain experience with respect to various foreign cultures in response to recommendations by the western cuisine department. 3) The items "I wish to conduct my affairs continuously"(M=4.21) and "I have good relationships with my colleagues at work"(M=4.11) received the highest points from male and female respondents, respectively. 4) Male students considered "cooperation among divisions"(M=4.11), "language skills"(M=4.38), and "kitchen environment"(M=4.34) to be very important. However, female students believed that "language skills"(M=4.36),"social relationships"(M=4.21), and "wage income"(M=4.18) were most important. Furthermore, male students were most satisfied with "company size" (M=4.28), "kitchen environment"(M=4.21), and "business hours"(M=4.10), while female students were most satisfied with "kitchen environment","incentive"(M=4.14) and "social relationships"(M=4.11).

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 1997.06b
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• pp.8-10
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• 1997

종양은 아직 그 발생 원인과 기작이 정확히 밝혀져 있지 않으므로 정확한 정의를 내리는 것은 어려우나 일반적으로 종양이란 정상 세포가 갖고 있는 세포 분열의 특이성을 상실하여 일어나는 조직의 자율적인 과잉 성장을 말한다. 이와 같은 세포의 비정상적인 증식에 의한 종양을 임상 및 병리 형태학적으로 양서 종양과 악성종양으로 분류한다. 양성 종양을 일으키는 종양 세포는 정상 세포와 비슷할 뿐 아니라 그 주변 세포들과 확실한 경계를 이루고 있으며 증식도 느리며 다른 부위로의 전이가 없다. 이에 반해 악성종양은 일반적으로 증식도 빠르고 이형의 세포로서 주변의 조직으로 확산, 전이될 뿐만 아니라 최종적으로 숙주인 개체를 사망시킨다. 악성종양은 다시 상피 조직에서 유례한 암, 비상피 조직에서 유래된 육종, 백혈구에서 유래된 백혈병 등으로 구별하지만 그의 본질은 거의 같으며 모든 악성종양은 통속적으로 암이라고 불리운다. 종양의 발생원인으로 크게 3가지로 나눌 수 있는데 화학물질, 바이러스 및 유전적 요인에 의한 것으로 알려졌다. 최초의 발암물질로 알려진 benzopyrene에 의한 발암 등 연구에 의해 화학적 발암원들은 직접 발암 물질로 작용하는 것이 아니라, 일단 체내에서 대사된 후 이들 대사 산물일 DNA 등에 작용함으로써 발암이 유도 되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이와 같이 화학적 변화를 거친 후에야 DNA에 영향을 미치는 것외에 다른 화학물질들은 또 다른 기작을 통해 암을 유발하는데 쥐의 피부에 benzopyrene을 한 번 처리하면 암을 유발하지 않으나 여기에 phorbol ester를 처리하면 높은 빈도로 암이 형성된다. 여기서 benzopyrene과 같이 세포의 DNA에 돌연변이를 일으키는 작용을 하는 발암물질을 발암개시제라 하고 phorbol ester처럼 그 자체로는 발암능이 없으나 발암개시제에 노출된 세포에 영향을 미쳐 발암능을 크게 강화시켜 주는 것을 발암촉진제라고 한다. 암은 세포증식 제어계에 DNA가 이상을 일으킨 현상을 말하는 데 이와 같은 DNA의 변형된 유전정보에 의해 암과 관련된 단백질을 합성하므로 이 DNA를 암유전자라 부르며 바이러스에서 유래된 것을 V-one 그리고 세포에서 유래된 것을 c-one이라 한다. 암유전자는 본래 암을 형성하기 위한 것이 아니라 증식제어 유전자로서 변이나 비정상으로 활성화 됨으로써 암을 유발시키므로 proto-oncogene이라 부른다. 또한 고등동물의 유전자 중에는 세포성장을 억제하는 유전자들이 있으며 이들은 세포의 성장 생존 분화를 조절하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 따라서 이들 유전자는 세포의 암변형을 억제하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 이들 유전자의 이상으로 세포성장 억제기능이 상실되면 세포의 과잉 성장이 초래되면 결과적으로 암으로 유발하는 것으로 추측되고 있다. 최근의 연구에 의하면 암세포에서 암억제 유전자의 이상과 암유전자의 활성화가 함께 발견 되면서 정상세포가 암으로 변형되는 과정에는 암억제 유전자의 이상과 암유전자의 활성화가 동시에 관여한 가능성이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 정상 세포가 암을 유발하기 위해서는 발암의 다단계설에서와 같이 여러 단계의 변과가 필요한데 여러 가지 요인에 의해 정상세포의 염색체가 변화되어 정상세포들이 가지고 있는 세포분열의 특이성을 상실하고 증식이 빠르고 저항력이 강한 세포가 선택 되어지고 비정상 서ㅔ포으 과잉 분여러에 의해 종양이 형성되며 이어서 혈관의 신생을 촉진하는 맥관형성, 전이 등이 과정을 거쳐 신체의 다른 부위로 전이된다. 20세기 초까지는 암은 노화와 함께 자연발생적으로 일어나는 피할 수 없는 질병으로 여겨졌으며 그 치료도 조기에 발견된 암환자에게 외과적인 치료를 하는 것이 최선의 방법 이었다. 그러나 현재에는 암환자의 80% 이상이 환경적 요인에 의해 암이 발생 된다고 믿어지고 있다. 과거 치료에 중점을 둔 것에서 점차 예방의 가능성과 그 방법의 모색에 관심을 갖게 되었으며 치료적인 면에서도 외과적 수술 이외에 방사선 치료, 항암제의 투여 등 약물요법, 면역요법의 이용 이외에 더 나아가 gene theraph 및 tumor vaccines 개발에 대한 관심도 증가되고 있다. 국제암연구협회에서는 인간에게 발암이 가능한 물질의 종류를 정기적으로 발표하고 있는데 지금까지 발암 가능성이 높다고 널리 알려진 위험요인을 크게 나누어 보면 다음과 같다. 흡연, 음주, 식이요인, 호르몬 및 기타 요인으로 약물, 자외선 등을 들 수 있는데 현재까지 이들 요인에 의한 발암 기작이 완전히 규명된 것은 아니지만 이들에 의한 발암의 확률이 높다는 것은 사실이므로 이 위험요인에 노출되는 것을 방지함으로써 암발생을 예방할 수 있을 것이다. 암발생의 예방법으로는 암발생 자체를 예방하는 것과 이미 발생한 암환자를 조기 발견하고 치료하는 방법이 있을 수 있다. 현재까지의 여러 연구 결과들을 보면 유전적인 요인을 제외한 대부분의 발암 위험인자들은 개개인의 생활습관과 밀접히 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 1992년 대한 암협회에서는 '암 예방 14개 권장 사항'을 발표하여 국민 홍보활동을 하고 있는데 그 내용의 반 이상이 식생활 습관과 관련되어 있을 정도이므로 암예방에 있어서의 식품의 역할이 매우 크다 할 수 있다. 따라서 건전한 생활습관과 더불어 적절한 식품의 섭취는 암예방을 위한 기본이 될 것이다.