• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.407-416
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 CaCl2 용액의 주사량이 품종별 암사슴의 뿔 발생 유도에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 꽃사슴, 레드디어 및 엘크 암컷 각 6두에 대해 30% CaCl2 용액의 주사량을 1ml?, 1.5ml? 및 2ml?의 3처리구로 나누어 전두골 좌, 우 양쪽 골막에 3월과 7월 두 차례 주사한 후 사슴뿔 발생 유도율, 사슴뿔 생산량, 발육성적을 조사하였다. 품종별 암사슴의 뿔 발생은 꽃사슴이 1ml? 처리구의 한 마리 한쪽에서만 발생하였고, 레드디어는 2ml? 처리구의 한 마리 한쪽에서만 유도되어 꽃사슴과 레드디어의 뿔 발생 유도율은 8.3%였다. 엘크 암사슴은 1ml? 처리구에서는 뿔 발생이 일어나지 않았으며, 1.5ml?와 2ml? 처리구에서는 모두 뿔 발생이 유도되어 유도율은 67%였다. 뿔 생산량은 꽃사슴의 경우 길이 21cm?이고 무게 70g 이었으며, 레드디어는 길이 18.5cm?에 무게 83g의 뿔을 생산하였다. 엘크는 3월 1.5ml? 처리구의 길이가 평균 34±3cm?이었고 무게는 526~1,008g이며, 2ml? 처리구는 길이가 평균 39±8cm?, 무게는 693~1,379g의 범위에 있었다. 엘크의 2ml? 처리구는 7월에 주사한 것이 뿔 길이와 뿔 생산량에서 3월의 것보다 적었다. 암사슴 뿔의 발육은 엘크의 경우 주사 후 20일경에 길이 0.5~1cm? 정도의 돌기로 자랐고, 40일까지는 유발된 상처와 함께 1~3cm?정도의 완만한 성장을 보였다. 본격적인 성장은 처리 후 60일경이 지나야 일어났고, 120일경에 절각을 하였을 때 뿔 길이는 28~44cm?의 범위에 있었다. 생산된 암사슴 뿔을 세로로 절단하였을 때 전체 길이의 위쪽 70%는 골화가 되지 않은 상태였다. 암사슴의 뿔 발생 유도는 번식성적에는 전혀 영향을 미치지 않았다. 봄에 처리한 사슴의 재생 뿔 발생은 불규칙하게 일어났고, 재생 뿔 발생률은 평균 45%였으며, 주기가 진행될수록 길이와 생산량은 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 30% CaCl2 용액의 주사량을 조절하여 처리하면 꽃사슴, 레드디어 및 엘크의 암컷에서 뿔 발생을 유도할 수가 있으며, 엘크 암사슴의 뿔 발생 유도를 위한 최적 주사량은 1.5~2ml? 범위였다.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.54-59
• /
• 2002

The principle of the FDM(fused deposition modeling) process is based on the layer by layer manufacturing technology, like other RP(rapid prototyping) process. In the FDM process, each layer may have different shape. Therefore, the built model may have stairs shape on its surface. This stairs shape is one of the serious problems in the FDM process. Thus in this study, cube models and spherical models were fabricated by FDM process to investigate the influence of injection amount on surface roughness. Models with various road width were also built to investigate the influence of road width on surface roughness. Surface roughness of the models was measured and analyzed. The result obtained in this study are expected to help selecting the part build orientation for optimum surface roughness.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.121-124
• /
• 2007

Freshwater-adapted maturing chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) involuntarily captured by stationary nets in Yang-yang seashore areas were transferred to freshwater in an outdoor raceway tank at Yeongdong Inland Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI, Yang-yang, Gangwon, Korea and kept over 1 day until the start of the experiments. The freshwater-adapted females were single-injected intraperitoneally with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, (GnRH-a: $70\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, BW) alone or combined with a dopamine receptor antagonist, pimozide($700\;{\mu}g/kg$ BW). Although gonadosomatic indices [GSI, (gonad weight/BW)${\times}100$] did not show significant changes in both 2004 and 2005, GSI of GnRH-a-injected fish during the 2005 trial slightly increased on the 5th and 7th days post-injection compared to those of vehicle treated fish. Hepatosomatic indices [HSI, (liver weight/BW)${\times}100$] of fish injected with GnRH-a alone and combined with pimozide decreased significantly on the 7th day post-injection in 2004(P<0.05). In 2005 trials, HSI was significantly reduced in GnRH-a treated fish on the 7th day post-injection (P<0.05). Pimozide-injected fish showed a pattern with increase of GSI and decrease of HSI, without significant differences. Taken together, these results suggest that at least in part hypothalamic hormones and dopamine receptor antagonist may induce sexual maturation in freshwater-adapted maturing chum salmon. It remains to evaluate these preliminary results by further researches.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 1994

Spawning of matured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus was accelerated by using single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG 1,000 IU/kg BW) or carp pituitary extract (CPE 10 mg/kg BW). The body weight of HCG or CPE treated group slightly improved with $5.6\pm0.4\%$ at 2 days after injection or $6.4\pm0.5\%$ at 3 days after injection, Number of eggs spawned increased in the fish treated with HCG or CPE. Surface floating rates of eggs spawned increased in the fish treated with HCG or CPE. Hatching rate also increased in experimental groups compared to the control. Especially superior quality of eggs were obtained 2 and 3 days after injection from HCG treated groups and 3 and 4 days after injection from CPE treated groups at $20^{\circ}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2000

Which sublethal cadmium pretreatment may prevent from lethal cadmium's killing mice and which cadmium pretreatment-induced protection against cadmium lethality to mice may be related with their hepatic glutathione contents were investigated. When cadmium chloride was subcutaneously injected to mice (ICR strain) at various doses, all mice died, which treated with cadmium at dose of 300 $\mu$moles/kg or more, and none died, which treated with cadmium at dose of 80 $\mu$moles/kg or less. Subcutaneous pretreatment of sublethal cadmium decreased sacrifice of mice which subsequently injected with lethal cadmium, with most effectiveness at pretreatment dose of cadmium of 40 $\mu$moles/kg b.w. and at 48 hours of interval between sublethal cadmium pretreatment and lethal cadmium treatment. Even if a great part of the cadmium-pretreated mice were sacrificed while treated with lethal cadmium, they survived longer than the non-pretreated mice. Sublethal cadmium pretreatment (40 $\mu$moles/kg b.w.) 48 hours before lethal cadmium treatment to mice didn't decrease hepatic glutathione contents of the survived mice, while decreases in the glutathione in livers were observed in the mice just after died. These results indicate that sublethal cadmium pretreatment-induced protection against cadmium lethality to mice may be related to their hepatic glutathione contents. [Cd pretreatment, Cd lethality, Hepatic glutathione contents].

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2001

Whether the pretreatment of sublethal arsenic or cadmium may prevent from lethality of arsenic or cadmium to mice, respectively, and also the protection against to lethality of arsenic or cadmium which might be induced by pretreatment of arsenic or cadmium may be related with their hepatic glutathione contents were investigated. When sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride was subcutaneously injected to mice (ICR strain) using lethal doses, all mice of both group were killed. The mortality of mice which were subsequently injected with lethal arsenic 24 hours after pretreatment of sublethal arsenic was decreased, and the same result was obtained in the case of cadmium. Sublethal pretreatment of arsenic or cadmium prior to lethal arsenic or cadmium treatment to mice, respectively, didn't decrease hepatic glutathione contents of the survived mice, while decreases of that contents in liver were observed in the mice just after they died. Cadmium pretreatment decreased mortality of mice which subsequently injected with lethal arsenic, while arsenic pretreatment didn't protect against cadmium lethality. These results indicate that protection against arsenic or cadmium lethality to mice induced by pretreatment of sublethal arsenic or cadmium may be directly related to other factors induced by sublethal camium pretreatment, not to hepatic glutathione contents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 1984

The effect of morphine on food intake on freely fed Sprague - Dawley rats was examined Opiate receptor binding assay was used to investigate the possibility of the opioid system involved in food intake regulation of normal rats. When rats were treated with 5mg morphine per kg body weight, subcutaneously, the food intake of the rats for the first 2 hours was increased 125% of the control rats. The effect of morphine on food intake of male and female rats were greater when the morphine was injected at 10 : 00 a.m than that in the rats administered the morphine at 4 : 00 p.m. The morphine effect was not significant in older rats and female was more responsive than male rats. In morphine treated rats, opioid receptor density has exhibited 33% reduction as measured by the $^{3}H-naloxone$ binding assay with whole brain homogenate. These results indicate that the increase of food intake by morphine for 2 hours after the injection may be mediated through the opioid system in rat brain.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2011

In distributed cognitive radio networks, cognitive radio devices which perform the channel sensing individually, are seriously affected by radio channel environments such as noise, shadowing and fading such that they can not property satisfy the maximum allowable interference level to the primary user. In the paper, we propose a Q-learning based channel access scheme for cognitive radios so as to satisfy the maximum allowable interference level to the primary user as well as to improve the throughput of cognitive radio by opportunistically accessing on the idle channels. In the proposed scheme, the pattern of channel usage of the primary user will be learned through Q-learning during the pre-play learning step, and then the learned channel usage pattern will be utilized for improving the sensing performance during the Q-learning normal operation step. Through the simulation, it is shown that the proposed scheme can provide bettor performance than the conventional energy detector in terms of the interference level to primary user and the throughput of cognitive radio under both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.230-234
• /
• 1994

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of the water soluble chitosans on the removal of contaminated radiostrontium (Sr-85) from the bone of mice. The remaining radioactivities in intravenously injected controls(group 1) were higher than in intraperitoneally injected controls (group 4, P<0.01). The % retention at day 5 were $57.7{\pm}1.9%,\;54.4{\pm}1.2%$, respectively. Single intravenous injection of 0.3% water soluble chitosan and continuous oral ingestion of 10% water soluble chitosan for 15 days were' ineffective on the removal of contaminated radiostrontiums. Multiple intravenous or intraperitoneal injections of water soluble chitosan effectively removed contaminated radiostrontiums(P<0.01 vs controls). In conclusion, water soluble chitosan might remove once incorporated radiostrontium from bones of mice. Further studies were needed to elucidate the mechanism of the removal.

• 전기의세계
• /
• v.42 no.9
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 1993

미소탐침을 STM과 같이 PZT등의 압전액튜에이터로 대상물을 2차원 또는 2.5차원 주사해서 그 정전량을 화상화하는 주사형 정전용량 현미경(SCaM)의 개발에 대해서 기술했다. 광학현미경과 레이저현미경은 빛을 이용하기 때문에 파장의 제약을 받아 그 분해능의 한계는 0.3[.nu.m]정도이다. 이것에 대해 SCaM은 광학방식가 같은 분해능의 원리적 한계가 없고, 또한 광학상과는 다른 유전율상의 특성화상이 얻어진다. 이와같은 특징에 의해, 최종적으로 0.01[.mu.m]레벨의 분해능을 얻을 수 있는 실용레벨의 현미경을 시험제작함을 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 탐침과 시료표면간의 거리를 진동에 의해 미소로 변화시켰을 때의 정전용량의 변화를 포착하는 미분용량법을 이용했으며, 탐침높이 및 주사시에 있어서의 검출기 출력의 재현성, 즉 신호 검출방식으로서의 S/N이 양호한 동기검파를 이용했을 대해서 실험적 검토를 하였다. 이와같은 검파방식에 의해 잡음, 히스테리시스 등의 영향에 대해 개선이 되고, 분해능도 향상되었다. 더욱이 2.5차원 탐침 주사방식 미분용량형 정전용량 현미경에 의해 칼날 부분 선단부의 확대화상이 명료하게 얻어졌다. 그러나 실용적으로는 아직 불충분하다.