• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

Ambient Media (or ambient displays, Wisneski et al 1998) is one of newly emergent dynamic design objects, representing information through subtle changes of everyday objects and environments. Unlike the existing GUI-based media focusing on the situation that a user is concentrating the media, ambient media enable a user to be peripherally aware of the information without his/her concentration. In order to design ambient media, it is necessary to interpret the basic elements of dynamic changes in physical space and the proper method to apply them for peripherally representing information in ambient media. The aim of this study is to investigate dynamic design elements and the method to apply them for ambient media design in physical space. We explored and refined the type of the dynamic design elements, analyzing dynamic qualities of ambient media cases as well as various time based design fields. As a result, 4 dynamic elements - tempo, connectivity, intensity and rhythm- were proposed. By literature reviews related to peripheral awareness in psychology or ambient media, we analyzed the characteristics of dynamic design elements. Based on that, we developed a new ambient media, 'Cyber Pung-Kyung', and applied dynamic elements for designing the prototype system. The research outcome is expected to contribute designing ambient media which can represent information peripherally or centrally as needed. Understanding the dynamic design elements is helpful for designing various time based design outcomes as well.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.56-66
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• 2021

Customer engagement refers to the physical and emotional connection between customers and brands. If the customer's degree of engagement is high, they purchase more, promote more, and show more loyalty. This study suggests the following implications, starting from the assumption that engagement with various service activities in universities can increase loyalty to departments and Universities. In university services, customer engagement plays a important role in strengthening college loyalty after college students are satisfied with university. Although it has an effect on university satisfaction, it can play a big role in increasing the loyalty of marketing goals at a higher level after satisfaction. Among the central factors of university service engagement, it was found that students could increase their department and university loyalty through capacity building and job-related activities for future employment, and among the surrounding factors, friendship activities were a very important factor in department or school loyalty. It can be said that it is of paramount importance to establish a system that can strengthen loyalty through various programs that can build friendships with students. Further research did not verify the moderating effect of service engagement among student groups, but the high-credit group was found to have a very high degree of engagement not only in the central cues but also in the peripheral cues, which is thought to reverse the common sense that high-credit students will be relatively less immersed in the peripheral elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.76-84
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• 2010

Darangyi paddy in Namhae Gachon village provides natural beauty with its distinct location. Darangyi is a traditional Korean landscape, shaping a circular form to serve continuous cultivation. Despite the paddy's landscape, it is difficult to preserve its natural scenery due to many factors such as inadequate visual analysis. Under the belief that there is a necessity to preserve Darangyi paddy, the research in visual features of the paddy began to illustrate the relevance between its viewpoint and landscape objects. First, we researched typical view structures. When considering the visual features, Darangyi paddy landscape objects has a viewpoint from the horizontality to its below, which its center area is about $-5^{\circ}{\sim}-30^{\circ}$. From the analyzed data, the scenary of Darangyi paddy, which most people agree its decency, is formed in a visually decent location. The above type of measure of visual structure in Darangyi paddy is expected to be applied in maintenance of foothold of views in the future. Second, the surrounding elements play important parts to form the whole landscape of Gachon Darangyi paddy. Although Darangyi paddy is the principal part of the scenary, the landscape analysis showed a high relevance with the paddy's identity, forest around the paddy, sky, ocean, settlements, and the roads in terms of visual perception. It was affirmed that those elements around the paddy play important parts in structuring and providing the beauty of the whole landscape. Various viewy objects are seen obvious especially in a long distance, and the splendid scenary proved that those viewy objects are in indispensable location. In order to preserve the paddy, it seems necessary to consider the surrounding envrionment of Darangyi paddy, not just the paddy's sole landscape form. Third, Darangyi paddy has a distinct seasonal characteristics. According to the survey analysis, the full heading time in spring and time when people can take a picture against the sun light proved magnificence of Darangyi paddy. Thus, it would be ideal to maintain Darangyi paddy by securing the sunlight condition with decent landscape view and the views from its surrounding environments or researching the ways to principally maintain the surrounding environments.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 1994

It is usual that underground structures are constructed within a multi-layered medium. In this paper, an efficient numerical modelling of multi-layered structural systems is studied using coupled analysis of finite elements and boundary elements. The finite elements are applied to the area in which the material nonlinearity dominates, and the boundary elements are applied to the far field where the nonlinearity is relatively weak. In the boundary element modelling of the multi-layered medium, fundamental solutions are not readily available. Thus, methods which can utilize existing Kelvin solutions are sought for the interior multi-layered domain problem. The interior domain problem which has piecewise homogeneous layers is analyzed using boundary elements with Kelvin solution, by discretizing each homogeneous subdomain and enforcing compatibility and equilibrium conditions between interfaces. Developed methodology is verified by comparing its results with those from the finite element analysis and it is concluded that coupled analysis using boundary elements and finite elements can be reasonable and efficient.

• 학교보건
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• s.2
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• pp.14-17
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• 1976

도시와 공업지대의 각급 학교 주변에는 교육에 장해가 되는 각종 공해요인이 증가해 가고 있다. 학교에 접근한 차도,기차선로,공장,극장,시장 등에서 배출되는 소음.진동,악취,분진,유독개스 등의 공해현상을 비롯해서 학교 우물의 오염을 가져오는 지하수 오염,학생들의 등교길을 위협하는 교통기관의 위험요소,유해식품을 판매하는 상점,불량오락 시설등은 학교 환경을 악화하고 교육에 육체적,정신적 장해를 초래하는 예가 많다. 이러한 학교 주변의 공해를 방지하기 위해서 학교보건법에는 도시에서는 학교 주변 200m, 농촌에서는 300m 이내의 공해요인을 지방행정청이 금지하거나 철거시킬 수 있는 권한을 부여하고 있지만, 사실상 그것을 발동시키기에는 너무나 많은 문제가 있어 거의 방치상태에 놓여 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 학생들의 생활의 거의 전부를 차지하고 있는 학교와 그 주변의 물리적 정신적 영향은 곧 학생들의 교육효과로 나타난다. 각종 공해가 방치되고 불법행위가 교문앞에서 감행되는 것이 허용되는 사회는 바로 학교 주변의 이러한 공해의 현실에서부터 시작된다. 이러한 공해현상이 어떠한 장해를 가져오는가를 알아 보기로 한다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.387-397
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• 2002

Understanding the surrounding plants (SP) by the high school students was compared with their abilities of intelligence (SI) and attitude (SA) in science education. 276 students attending 11 grade high school in the city of Incheon selected for this work were tested for SP and their abilities of SI and SA. The rates of SP were observed to be not related to the personal properties of student but to the abilities of total or science achievement scores made throughout school life. The abilities of SP were, by linear regression, calculated to be dependent upon the some components or variables of SI or of SA. Particularly, the abilities of SP were closely related to the abilities of picture matrix and vocabulary, but not to those of scientific logics among variables of SI. Also, the abilities of SP were calculated to be positively related those of scientific attitude, but negatively to science anxiety in SA. As based on this work, the SP was strongly suggested to be helpful for students 'intelligences or for students' learning in their life.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1993

This paper is concerned with formulations of the hierarchical $C^{\circ}$-plate element on the basis of Reissner-Mindlin plate theory. On reason for the development of the aforementioned element based on Integrals of Legendre shape functions is that it is still difficult to construct elements based on h-version concepts which are accurate and stable against the shear locking effects. An adaptive mesh refinement and selective p-distribution of the polynomial degree using hp-version of the finite element method are proposed to verify the superior convergence and algorithmic efficiency with the help of the simply supported L-shaped plate problems.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.5-14
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• 1987

연속체의 해석에 있어서, 특별한 경우를 제외하고는, 구조물의 개략적인 거동을 파악해야 될 경우가 종종 있다. 이러한 요구에 부응하기 위해서 강체요소법(Rigid Element Method)이라 불리우는 새로운 해석법이 개발되었다. 강체요소법은 원래 평정연구실에서 벽식프리캐스트 철근콘크리트 구조물의 탄소성해석을 하기 위해서 개발된 해석법에 착안하여, 내수벽과 같은 연속체에 적용함으로서 시작된 수치해석법이다. 그 후 저자들은 도통쉘, 구형쉘 혹은 이들이 조합된 쉘구조물에 적용할 수 있도록 개발 확장하였다. 강체요소법의 기본개념은 연속체의 분해된 각 요소를 강체(rigid body)라고 가정하고, 각 요소들은 요소의 강성으로 치환된 가상스프링으로 서로 연결되어 있다고 가정하여, 이 가상스프링의 거동을 평가함으로서 전체구조물의 거동을 파악하는 해석법이다. 이때 요소의 주변에 취해진 스프링은 해석을 단순화하기 위해서 축력, 면내전단력 및 면외전단력만을 전달한다고 가정하고, 요소의 강체변위(자유도)는 요소내의 임의의 한 점에서 취하며, 이 점에서의 강체변위(rigid displacements)는 요소의 주변에 취해진 스프링을 통하여 다른 요소로 전달된다. 상기와 같은 강체요소법의 개념을 연속체의 탄성 및 탄소성해석에 적용하면, 해석적 개념이 단순할 뿐만 아니라 구조물 전체의 자유도수를 대폭 줄여 컴퓨터 계산시간을 절약할 수 있는 잇점이 있고, 거시적인 모델(macroscopic modeling)과 미시적인 모델 (microscopic modeling)의 중간적인 성격을 가지기 때문에 구조물의 파괴상황에 대해서도 그 개략을 파악할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 강체요소법을 보다 일반화된 해석법으로 개발, 확장하기 위해서 종전에 단층스프링시스템(single-layer spring system)으로 해석이 어려웠던 문제점들을 보완한 복층프링시스템(double-layer spring system)을 사용함으로서 휨, 비틀림의 효과를 파악할 수 있는 이론적 개념을 적용한 새로운 구요소, 원통요소 및 평면요소를 개발하고, 이러한 강체요소들의 적합매트릭스의 유도 및 해석저긴 방법을 정식화하였다. 또 휨, 비틀림 및 전단력의 효과를 고려한 사각형원통요소 및 능형원 통요소를 이용하여 원통쉘의 탄성 및 탄소성해석할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하고, 이 프로그램으로 캔틸레버로된 연속형철근콘크리트 원통쉘의 탄성 및 탄소성해석에 적용하여 구조물의 거동에 관한 수치해석의 결과, 즉 내력의 분포, 균열의 진전, 파괴의 상황 및 변형의 상태 등을 파악해 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.136-137
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• 2013

본 연구는 국보, 보물로 지정된 중요목조문화재 159개소 중 궁궐목조문화재 17개소에 대하여 안전관리 실태조사를 실시하였다. 조사내용은 안전관리 인적요소, 주변환경적 요소, 시설적 요소, 관리적요소이며 이를 바탕으로 궁궐목조문화재 안전관리의 전반적인 현황을 검토하였다. 또한 화재 등의 재난 발생 시 신속한 초기 대응부터 진압활동까지 종합적인 안전관리대책 수립 및 궁궐목조문화재의 피해 최소화를 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 한다.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.371-376
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• 2013

고속열차의 운행속도가 증가함에 따라 이전보다 공기역학적인 요소들의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 열차와 터널의 형상설계뿐만 아니라 주변 환경을 위해 고속 주행하는 열차 주변의 유동장을 이해할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 고속 주행으로 인해 열차 주변에 발생하는 열차풍을 분석하여 선로 주변에 작용하는 풍하중을 계산하였고, 터널 주행 시 발생하는 압력변동과 객차 연결부의 비정상 열린 공동 유동을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 2차원 해석의 정량적 한계점이 나타났지만, 정성적인 경향은 선행연구와 잘 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 고속열차 주변의 공기역학적 특성의 이해와 열차 및 터널의 형상 변화에 따른 상대적인 비교를 위해서는 EDISON_CFD를 이용한 2차원 해석이 유용함을 볼 수 있었다.