• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.292-297
• /
• 1988

The volatiles of whole and homogenated tomato fruits collected by the headspace trapping method using Tenax GC and the simultaneous steam distillation method were identified by GC and GC-MS. Among over 100 GC peaks, 10 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 4 ketones, 3 esters, 1 phenol and 1 acid were identified from whole tomato fruits, whereas 12 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 5 esters, 2 phenols, 1 hydrocarbon and 1 acid were identified from homogenated tomato fruits. By simultaneous steam distillation-extraction, 19 alcohols, 13 hydrocarbons, 9 esters, 9 ketones, 8 aldehydes, 2 phenols, 2 lactones,2 furans, 1 acids and 2 others were identified among over 300 peaks.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 1989

The volatile compounds of McIntosh apples were separated and identified at the stage of climacteric maximum. 21 compounds were identified from head space method and classes of that were 13 kinds of esters, 6 of alcohols, an aldehyde and a ketone. From simultaneous steam distillation-extraction method, 37 compounds were identified and classes of that were 20 kinds of esters, 14 of alcohols, 2 of aldehydes and a ketone. Esters were the most abundant flavor component in the both methods and next was alcohols.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.641-647
• /
• 1997

Volatile flavor components in whole edible portion, stem and leaf of fresh angelica (Angelica keiskei Koidz) were extracted by SDE (simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) method using the mixture of n-pentane and diethylether (1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Identification of the volatile flavor components in aroma concentrate was mostly based on the RI of GC and mass spectrum of GC/MS. Twenty five hydrocarbons, 15 alcohols, 3 aldehydes, 6 esters, 2 ketones and 1 acid were identified in the whole edible portion of angelica. Twenty hydrocarbons, 13 alcohols, 4 esters and 1 acid were identified in the stem sample of angelica. Nineteen hydrocarbons, 11 alcohols, 4 aldehydes, 6 esters, 2 ketones and 1 acid were identified in the leaf sample of angelica. ${\gamma}-Terpinene$, germacrene B, ${\delta}-3-carene$, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, ${\gamma}-muurolene$ and ${\gamma}-elemene$ were the main components in each edible portions of angelica. The terpenoid compounds in volatile flavor components identified from whole edible portion, stem and leaf samples were confirmed as 75.76%, 86.42% and 78.21%, respectively. These results suggest that terpenoid compounds have a great effect on the flavor characteristics of angelica.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 1994

Allelopathic activity of the volatiles from leaves of Perilla frutescens an Artemisia asiatica was determined on the basis of bioassay, which tested germination and seedling growth of radish, rice, mung bean and lettuce. Seedling growth was more inhibited by phytotoxic volatiles than germination. Volatile components collected by headspace cold trapping-Tenax GC adsorption were analyzed by GC-MS. Fifteen volatile components in P. frutescens and 15 components in A. asiatica were identified. By steam distillation-extraction, 4 flavor components in P. frutescens and 10 components in A. asiatica were identified. The inhibitory activity of the fractions, obtained by steam distillation-extraction, was determined by virtue of bioassay on radish. Volatile allelochemicals of the most active fraction, neutral fraction, isolated from P. frutescens contained 9 components. In A. asiatica, 24 volatile allelochemicals were identified.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.1006-1011
• /
• 1998

Volatile flavor components in three varieties (shingo(niitaka), mansamgil (okusankichi) and chuwhang pears) of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia N.) were extracted for 24 hours with pentane-diethylether (1 : 1, v/v) using the LLEP (liquid-liquid extraction & perforation). Neutral fraction was separated from the extract and then analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS equipped with a fused silica capillary column (Carbowax 20M, HP). Individual components were identified by mass spectrometry and their retention indices. The totals of 52, 47 and 22 volatiles were identified in shingo, mansamgil and chuwhang pears, respectively. Ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, hexanal, 1-hexanol, ethyl butanoate, ethyl-3-hydroxy butanoate, ethyl-2-hydroxy propanoate were the main components in each samples, though there were several differeces in composition of volatile compounds. Total contents of volatile components isolated in shingo, mansamgil and chuwhang pears were 6.972, 2.776 and 2.653 mg/kg of pears.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.248-253
• /
• 1992

Volatile flavor components of soybean pastes, manufactured with traditional Meju and improved Meju, were extrated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction apparatus and concentrated at atmosphere press. The concentrates were investigated GC-sniff evaluation by preparative gas chromatograph, and then analyzed and identified by GC/MS and Kovats retention index. Thirty nine components, including 11 alcohols, 4 aldehydes, 2 pyrazines, 4 acids, 3 fuans, 3 phenols, 3 esters, 3 hydrocarbons, 1 ketone, 5 miscellous ones were confirmed in soybean paste manufactured with traditional Meju. Twenty one components, including 4 alcohols, 2 aldehydes, 2 pyrazines, 2 acids, 1 fuan, 2 esters, 1 hydrocarbon, 2 ketones, 4 miscellous ones were confirmed in soybean paste manufactured with improved Meju. Ten components such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 4-methyl-3-heptanol, trimethyl-pyrazine, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, tetramethyl-pyrazine, benzaldehyde, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, naphthalene, 2-ethyl-3-methyl-oxetane were identified together in soybean pastes manufactured with traditional Meju and improved Meju.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.676-681
• /
• 2002

Gibbons are called lesser apes and classified hominoidae, catarrhini, anthropoidea, primates. They are successfully speciated with 12 species, 4 generas, in tropical forest of Southeast Asia. Ten species among them are endangered. Compared to other primates, gibbons are highly endangered. However, we do not know exact geographical distributions of gibbons and their subspecies numbers. Therefore further investigations are needed for lesser apes. It is of great important to know exact phylogenetic relationships with the information of distribution and identification of gibbon species in order to understand speciation and conservation of gibbons.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.144-155
• /
• 1987

Water extracts of polygonum hydropiper and Polygonum aviculare completely inhibited the germination of lettuce seeds. Methanol extracts from these two species also inhibited the seed germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Oenothera odorata. Fifteen phenolic acids in total were identified by GLC from P. hydropiper and eighteen from P. aviculare. The most common phenolic acids identified from P. hydropiper were sinapic, salicylic+vanillic and ferulic acid presented in all the fractions. In addition, salicylic+vanillic, tannic+gallic, sinapic, ferulic and p-coumaric acid seemed to be important phenolic compounds in terms of quantity. However, salicylic+vanillic acids were the unique phenolic acids occurred in all the fractions of P. aviculare. The others such as tannic+gallic, sinapic, ferulic, p-coumaric acid, p-cresol and catechol present in large amount appeared also the important phenolic substances influencing allelopathic effects of P. aviculare. Linolenic acid and oxalic acid were the major fatty and organic acids in both plant species, presented in 2.38mg/g and 20.588mg/g in P. hydropiper, 3.70mg/g and 14.288mg/g in P. aviculare, respectively, which seem to be exhibiting allelopathic effects of these plants. Total alkaloids were presented in low amount such as 0.20% in P. hydropiper arid 0.22% in P. aviculare which may not be important elements. Pet. ether extracts were 2.42% in P. hydropiper and 1.65% in P. aviculare, which exhibit another potential for allelopathic effects that need further investigation. Various authentic phenolic compounds at different concentrations inhibited the germination of lettuce seed, indicating that the phenolic substances identified here may be directly related to biologically active substance.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.284-292
• /
• 2015

Monthly variation of species composition and abundance of fish eggs were examined to know the spawning time and location of the fishes inhabiting the coastal region of Jejudo Island. Samplings had been performed at the four locations (Jeju port, Seongsanpo, Seogwipo port and Chagwido) with a bongo net which was towed monthly at the sea surface from August 2006 to July 2007. The fish eggs were identified based on phylogenetic analyses with the DNA sequences generated through PCR-amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Among a total of 43 taxa classified during the study period, 34 were identified to species, 4 to families, and the remaining 5 were unidentified. Of them, 23 taxa were occurred at Jeju port, 21 at Seongsanpo, 19 at Seogwipo port and 18 at Chagwido, whereas 15 taxa were found in September 2006, 12 in June 2007, 6 to 8 in August 2006 and January~May 2007, 5 in each October and November 2006, 3 in each December 2006 and July 2007. Among 34 species of fish eggs, Engraulis japonicus and Callanthias japonicus most frequently appeared at 16 times out of 48 observations in total. When those eggs were collected, the surface seawater temperature ranged $14.0{\sim}28.6^{\circ}C$ for E. japonicus and $14.9{\sim}20.5^{\circ}C$ for C. japonicus. The success rates of PCR-amplification and species identification in this study were 68.3% and 79.1%, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2003

A total of 29 scale insect species belonging to 21 genera of five families were recognized on 11 fruit trees on the basis of specimens collected from 2001 to 2002 and specimens deposited in the Insect Collection of NIAST in Korea. Ten species were recognized on apple, nine species on pear, three species on peach, 14 species on unshiu orange, nine species on persimmon, two species on Japanese plum, one species on japanese apricot, 10 species on junos orange, one species on grape, four species on jujube and three species on kiwi fruit.