• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out what attributes are valid for the edge between students through longitudinal network analysis, and the results of TERGM (temporal exponential random graph model) and SAOM (stochastic actor-oriented model) statistical models were compared. The TERGM model interprets the research results based on the edge formation of the entire network, and the SAOM model interprets the research results on the surrounding networks formed by specific actors. The TERGM model expressed the influence of a previous time through a time term, and the SAOM model considered temporal dependence by implementing a network that evolves by an actor's opportunity as a ratio function.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2013

This paper mainly deals with the appropriation of ship voyage allocation, using a heuristic regression model, in order to reduce total costs incurred in port, yard and at sea under the specific port condition. Because of different behavior of costs incurred in port, yard and at sea, an effort to minimize these costs by adjusting the number of voyages for three ship classes(50,000, 100,000, and 150,000-ton) should be made. For instance, if the port managers attempt to reduce the sea transport cost by increasing the annual allocated number of ship voyages classed 150,000-ton for economies of scale, they have no choice but to suffer a significant increase in queueing cost due to port congestion. To put it differently, there are trade-off relationships among the costs incurred in port, yard, and at sea. We utilized a computer simulation result to perform a couple of regression analyses in order to figure out the appropriate range of allocated number of voyages of each ship class using a heuristic approach. The detailed analytical results will be shown at the main paper. We also suggested a net present value(NPV) model to make a proper investment decision for an additional berth of 200,000-ton class that alleviates port congestion and reduces transport cost incurred both in port and at sea.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.547-558
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• 2008

With the advent of super cargo ship due to the explosive increase in the amount of cargo shipped via seas, some mega ports are under construction in South Korea, to accommodate the super cargo ship, and some of them already enter their final phase. To sustain the harbor tranquility, mega ports usually comprise huge vertical type breakwaters which are intrinsically vulnerable to the attack of long waves. In this rationale, we present the chamber type breakwater with a circular curtain wall - Eco-breaker 2, to alleviate the reflection of long waves and numerically investigate the hydraulic characteristics of Eco-breaker 2. As a wave driver, we use the Navier-Stokes eq., the most robust wave driver, using SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation). For the verification of numerical results, we also carried out hydraulic model test. It is shown that Eco-breaker 2 can effectively alleviate the reflection of long waves with its inherited large organized eddies encompassing the water chamber and some region off the curtain wall of varying size. It is also shown that the scope and strength of large organized eddies strongly depends on the incident wave period, and the reflection coefficient can be lowered to 0.18 by tuning the size of water chamber such that resident time at the chamber is just short of the half period of incident waves. Based on these results, we present the specification of Eco-breaker 2 to boost its use on the development of water environment friendly harbor worldwide.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.191-219
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• 2020

This paper aims to identify the key features of the novel writing of Korean American immigrants and their meaning as one aspect of movement and contact occuring in the early modern period. The late return of the novels written by Nakcheong THUN in the 1930s is significant in that it restored ideas on the diversity of early modern mobility and confronted the history and culture of immigrants who were excluded from records and memories. Not only are these novels a product of the phenomenon of immigration, but they have also created a crack in the dichotomous perceptions of domination and subordination, center and periphery by envisioning it as a space that creates new history, culture, institutions and values. These novels treat the free love of intellectual, emotional, and ethical figures as a central event, demystifying Western free love, and at the same time, a society divided by various identities including class, race, and gender. The novels by Nakchung THUN visualize the active exchange between the immigrant and the indigenous community through the character of Jack, and imagines the heterotopia as a place where not for the immigrants' utopia, but for everyone's coexists. These novels have declared a kind of memory war on the subordinate and marginalized contact zones. The contact zones of the immigration area had been a place for experiencing extreme conflicts and discords, and at the same time, it has served as a place where various groups and communities are connected. The contact zones were common areas of solidarity and creation before being subject to division and occupation. The contact zones are far from the border or borderlands, so it is not a fixed and immutable deadlock. As a world free from central domination the contact zones have been a space that preoccupied history and culture through various encounters, and have been a community.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.09a
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• pp.15-17
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• 2008

본 논문은 현행 전력기술 관리법에 의하여 시행되고 있는 전력시설물공사 감리제도의 제도개선에 관한 연구로서 연구자의 현장 실무경험과 감리제도의 일반사항, 감리업자와 감리원에 대한 사항, 감리업자 선정 및 입찰에 관한 사항을 조사하여 전력시설물공사 감리제도의 현황과 실태분석 및 개선방안을 제시한 내용으로 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 법적 및 제도적 측면에서 시급히 개선될 사항이다. 정부는 1995년 12월 법률 제5,132호로 전력기술관리법을 제정하여 전력시설물에 대한 공사감리 업무를 별도 분리 발주하여 전문성을 높이도록 전기 분야 전문기술자에 의해 수행토록 하는 것을 골자로 하는 책임 감리제도를 도입하여 오늘에 이르고 있다. 그러나 공사 준골단계에서 전기사업법 제98조 2항에 의해 위탁업무를 하고 있는 전기 안전공사가 사용전 검사를 함으로서 책임 감리제도의 도입 취지를 무색케 한 정도로 심각한 국면에 접어들었다. 전력기술관리법이 제정되어 13년이 지난 오늘까지도 책임 감리제도가 성공적으로 정착되지 못한 근본적인 문제는 사용전 검사를 전기 안전공사에서 대행하고 있다는 것이다. 물론 그동안의 많은 노력으로 어느 정도의 개선은 있었지만 근본적인 문제가 해결되지 않고서는 전력시설물공사의 감리기술의 전문화를 기대하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 책임 감리계도의 성공적인 정착을 위해서는 전기사업법 제98조 2항에 의한 위탁 업무인 사용전 감사 제도를 감리업자에게 돌려줌으로서 책임과 권한을 실질적으로 부여하고 감리회사 자체의 기술력 및 기술자 확보와 기술개발에 필요한 운영자금 및 투자 확대를 유도해 나가야 하며, 무엇보다도 확실한 법적 제도적 뒤받침이 선행되어야 한다. 둘째, 제도적 측면에서 일반건축물은 사업주가 전력시설물공사 감리업자를 임의선정 및 수의계약에 의해 감리업자를 지정하고 해당 공사기간동안 전기 감리원을 투입토록 되어 있어 인건비에 미치지 못하는 저가수주와 다음계약을 위해 어쩔 수 없이 사업주에게 종속되는 경우가 많으며, 이로 인해 감리수행에 혼란이 야기되고 책임소재의 불분명 책임 감리원의 조정 및 통제기능이 약화되는 부작용이 나타나고 있다. 전력시설물공사의 감리는 전력시설물의 안전사고, 비효율 및 부실소지 둥을 방지하기 위해서 필수적이고 발주자 감리업자 시공업체에게 모두 도움을 주는 업무이며, 일정규모이상의 건축물은 자발적인 참여로 유도할 수 있도록 적격심사제도(PQ심사)도입이 적극 필요한 실정이다. 셋째, 운용측면에서 공동주택의 주택법에 의한 전력시설물공사 감리는 사업승인권자가 사업수행능력 평가기준(PQ 심사)에 따라 감리업자를 지정하고 해당 공사기간 동안에 전기 감리원을 투입토록 되어 있으나 평가기준이 세대수에 따라 정해져 있어 효율적, 기술적 측면에 미치지 못하는 경우가 많다. 수준 높은 감리를 수행하려면 그에 맞는 적정한 감리원의 투입이 필수적이다. 넷째, 운용 및 제도적 측면에서 공공발주 건축물(공동주택 포함)의 전력시설물공사는 사업수행능력 평가기준(PQ 심사)에 따라 감리업자를 지정하고 해당 공사기간 동안에 전기 감리원을 투입토록 되어 있으나 발주자 소속직원의 감리수행 근거에 의해 자체 감리를 함으로서 시장경쟁 및 민간경제 활성화의 제약, 부정부패 및 비효율 등 사회에 전반적으로 악영향을 끼쳐 하루 빨리 민간 감리업자에게로의 개선이 시급한 실정이다.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2023

LNG is a representative imported cargo at Incheon Port and has a relatively high contribution to the increase/decrease in overall cargo volume at Incheon Port. In addition, in the view point of nationwide, LNG is the one of the most important key resource to supply the gas and generate electricity. Thus, it is very essential to identify the factors that have impact on the demand fluctuation and build the appropriate forecasting model, which present the basic information to make balance between supply and demand of LNG and establish the plan for power generation. In this study, different to previous research based on macroscopic annual data, the weekly demand of LNG is converted from the cargo volume unloaded by LNG carriers. We have identified the periodicity and correlations among internal and external factors of demand variability. We have identified the input factors for predicting the LNG demand such as seasonality of weekly cargo volume, the peak power demand, and the reserved capacity of power supply. In addition, in order to predict LNG demand, considering the characteristics of the data, time series prediction with weekly LNG cargo volume as a dependent variable and prediction through an artificial neural network model were made, the suitability of the predictions was verified, and the optimal model was established through error comparison between performance and estimates.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.106-116
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• 2016

This study on the lifestyle of senior citizens measured how slection criteria affects franchise restaurant selection. Word of mouth was determined not to have a negative effect between senior citizen lifestyle and franchise restaurant selection. First, the lifestyle of senior citizens were categorized into 4 sub-variables-extroverted, open, progressive, and future-oriented -. It identified information about the properties of the choice variables franchise restaurants positively influence on the all relationships .Second, the mediating effect of word of mouth was verified form the realtionships.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.10 no.1 s.34
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• pp.37-45
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• 1998

The relational database system on fatigue strength was constructed, and the properties of fatigue life distribution were examined to analyze reliability and safety of metallic materials. Data manipulations were efficiently performed in relational fatigue strength database system using dependency diagram. Regardless of the distribution of fatigue strength, the proposed method, the Robust method and the complementary error function method using probability distribution, successfully estimated parameters of the 3-parameter Weibull distribution. The proposed criterion for estimating non-failure probability showed good results regardless of censoring time. The fatigue life distribution function described as a function of parameters of the Weibull distribution and applied stress ratio produced P-S-N characteristics reasonably.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.281-293
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• 2022

The necessity for introducing artificial intelligence(AI) into the public sector to form an intelligent government has been emerging. This study set 'Organizational Agility', 'Exploitation & Exploration Learning', and 'E-government Capability' as independent variables for the introduction of AI in central government. Dependent variables were set on whether AI was adopted in the central government organization 'Bu(mainly conducts policy planning)', and 'Cheong(mainly performs policy execution)'. Logistic regression analysis was performed on each of the two models. As a result, it was derived that ministry Bu adopted AI as organizational agility increased, and ministry Chung adopted AI as e-government capability increased. Particularly, it was identified that the effect of exploitation learning for Cheong organizations offset the influence of AI introduction according to e-government capabilities, while exploratory organizational learning facilitated the AI introduction. This study is meaningful for suggesting a strategy for adopting AI in government.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.143-174
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• 2019

Our Constitution obliges the state to protect the health of the people, and the Medical Law, which embodied Constitution, sets out in detail the matters related to open the medical institution, and one of them is to prohibit the operation of multiple medical institutions. By the way, virtually multiple medical institutions could be opened and operated because the Supreme Court had interpreted that several medical institutions could be opened if medical activities were not performed directly at the additional medical institution which was opened under the another doctor's license. However, some health care providers opened the several medical institutions with another doctor's license for the purpose of the maximization of profit, and did illegal medical cares like the unfair luring of patients, over-treatment, and commission treatment. Also, realistic problems such as the infringed health rights have arisen. Accordingly, lawmakers had come to amend the Medical Law to readjust the system of opening for medical institution so that medical personnel could not open or operate more than one medical institution for any reason. For this reason, the Constitutional Court recently declared a constitutional decision through a long period of in-depth deliberation because the constitutional petition and the adjudication on the constitutionality of statutes had been filed on whether Article 33 paragraph 8 of the revised medical law is unconstitutional. The Constitutional Court acknowledged the "justice of purpose" in view of the importance of public medical institutions, of the prevention from seduction of for-profit patients and from over-treatment, and of the fact that health care should not be the object of commercial transactions. Given the risk that medical personnel might be subject to outside capital, the concern that the holder of the medical institution's opening certificate and the actual operator may be separated, the principle that the human body and life should not be just a means, and the current system's inability to identify over-treatment, it also acknowledged the 'minimum infringement'. Furthermore, The Constitutional Court judged it is constitutional in compliance with the principle of restricting fundamental rights, such as 'balance of legal interests'. In this regard, legislative complements are needed in order to effectively prevent the for-profit management and the over-treatment the Constitutional Court is concerned about. In this regard, consumer groups actively support the need for legislation, and health care providers groups also agree on the need for legislation. Therefore, the legislators should respect the recent Constitutional Court's decision and in the near future complete the complementary legislation to reflect the people's interests.