• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.223-277
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• 2019

Based on the text reference from the Variety Theatre compiled and performed by the Jiaofang of the Ming Dynasty Palace, the characteristics of Zhongkui performance in the New Year Ceremony was analyzed focusing on the differentiation and diachronic change in aspect between court dance and civilian. In China's folk beliefs, 'Zhongkui' is regarded as a representative spirit of fighting against evil spirits. Relevant rituals and performing arts have been held mainly on New Year's Eve or the Dragon Boat Festival. Although extensive research has been conducted in various fields, the situation of Zhongkui performance was largely unnoticed, only generally addressed in China, even with the given fact that the Ming Dynasty's text reference of miscellaneous court dance was exclusively retained, Therefore, the analysis intends to propose Zhongkui performances of Calendaric Rituals in the aspect of its elements and differentiate the play handed down among people as a specific example. Through the text analysis of miscellaneous court dance, 'Imperial examination' and religious belief was regulated usuriously by a so-called edification expressed as imperial reign ideology extracted to an implementation situation, revealing that this court dance was characterized by a variety of performances including the 'Zhongkui'. The results of the following study intends to provide a positive foundation for not only the field of Chinese studies but also the field of Korean literature, theatre, dance, folklore, religion, anthropology and art.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2009

Finite field arithmetic is very important in the area of cryptographic applications and coding theory, and it is efficient to use normal bases in hardware implementation. Using the fact that $GF(2^{mk})$ having a type-I optimal normal basis becomes the extension field of $GF(2^m)$, we, in this paper, propose a new serial multiplier which reduce the critical XOR path delay of the best known Reyhani-Masoleh and Hasan's serial multiplier by 25% and the number of XOR gates of Kwon et al.'s multiplier by 2 based on the Reyhani-Masoleh and Hasan's serial multiplier for type-I optimal normal basis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.28-28
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• 1991

The investigation of the kinds and density of white grubs in relation to soil texture, forages, yearsafter pasture establishment, and management methods in pasture were surveyed in Livestock ExperimentStation, Suwon by digging 5 sites($100cm{\times}100cm$) in a month from April to October during 1985.The results obtained were summarized as follows; No difference was observed in white grub speciesdivesity in relation to soil texture, forages, years after pasture establishment, and management methodof pasture, but the abundance of each species was different from the environmental factors.1. On the soil texture; Miridiba kureana, Popillia uchidai, Holotrichia mmosa and Holotrichia diomphalia occurred in the clay loam field, whereas Anomala corpulenta and Anomala mfocuprea in the sandy loam. 2. On the forage; the density of all species except Popillia uchidai was higher in grass than legume. 3. On the years after pasture extablishment; both of the species diversity and abundance were increased 3 years after pasture establishment and maximized at the 5th year.4. On the management methods of pasture; species diversity and abundance were higher in meadows thanpastures.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 1991

The investigation of the kinds and density of white grubs in relation to soil texture, forages, years after pasture establishment, and management methods in pasture were surveyed in Livestock Experiment Station, Suwon by digging 5 sites($100cm{\times}100cm$) in a month from April to October during 1985. The results obtained were summarized as follows; No difference was observed in white grub species divesity in relation to soil texture, forages, years after pasture establishment, and management method of pasture, but the abundance of each species was different from the environmental factors.1. On the soil texture; Miridiba kureana, Popillia uchidai, Holotrichia mmosa and Holotrichia diomphalia occurred in the clay loam field, whereas Anomala corpulenta and Anomala mfocuprea in the sandy loam. 2. On the forage; the density of all species except Popillia uchidai was higher in grass than legume. 3. On the years after pasture extablishment; both of the species diversity and abundance were increased 3 years after pasture establishment and maximized at the 5th year.4. On the management methods of pasture; species diversity and abundance were higher in meadows than pastures.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 1992

Seven strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soil in Korea and characterized. The isolates were named HL-8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 which produced parasporal crystals and endospores in their cells. The biochemical characteristics of the seven isolates were only minor different in specific chracteristics to the known serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis. The number of the plasmid DNA elements from the isolates were studied. The computerized molecular weights of the six plasmid elements in the HL-8 and HL-lO strains were from 3.01 to 15.1 Md, four plasmid elements in the HL-12 were from 5.4 to 21.9 Md, four plasmid elements in HL-13 were from 5.1 to 20 Md, three plasmid elements in HL-15 were from 3.4 to 11.3 Md and three plasmid elements in the HL-16 were from 2.4 to 20.1 Md. The seven isolates showed resistances to ampicillin, bacitracin, cephalothin, methicillin and penicillin G. The strains of HL-8, HL-lO, HL12, HL-14, HL-15 and HL-16 showed lethalities against Culex pipiens 3rd instar larvae. The HL8 and 14 strains showed 100% lethality to the larvae within 48 hours. HL-13 strain did not have toxicity against the larvae.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.160-175
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• 2013

There is the need to make a sharp distinction as regards JANGSEUNGs (Korean traditional totem poles) that are different in origin, history and function. This study is to identify the functions of the figures, as well as to trace stone JANGSEUNGs to their origins. In this regard, researched were conducted into the origins of JANGSEUNGs and their changes in history. There was a tradition in the GORYEO Dynasty (an ancient dynasty in the Korean Peninsula) that it erected JANGSAENGs (the archaic name of JANGSEUNGs) or allied stone figures within temples; especially, 'TONGDOSA GUKJANGSAENG SEOKPYO (a stone JANGSAENG that was erected by the royal command and is at the entrance of TONGDO Temple located in YANGSAN, South GYEONGSANG Province, South Korea)' functions as a stone monument rather than as a stone sign. In the engraved inscription, it is written that it should be erected in the form of PANA as before. 'PANA' refers to 'ZHONGKUI', a god in Chinese Taoism believed to exorcise devils that spread diseases. The inscription is to define the territory of TONGDO Temple. The article on HAN JUN GYEOM in a book 'WORAKGI (a travelogue on WORAK Mountain in North CHUNGCHEONG Province, South Korea)' written by HEO MOK makes it possible to guess the scale of GUKJANGSAENGs erected in DOGAP Temple. The stones, on which 'GUKJANGSAENG' or 'HWANGJANGSAENG' were engraved, are not JANGSAENGs but are demarcation posts. In the JOSEON Dynasty (the last dynasty in the Korean Peninsula) JANGSAENGs functioned as signposts. Unlike JANGSAENGs in temples, they were made of wood. At first, the word 'JANGSAENG' was written '長生' in Chinese characters, but in the JOSEON Dynasty another character '木 (wood)' was added to them, and thus the orthography was likely to change into 'JANGSEUNG.' In the JOSEON Dynasty, in addition, optative or geomantic figures were not called 'JANGSEUNG.' Historically, for instance, there has been no case where 'DOL HARBANGs (stone figures found only in JEJU ISLAND, South Korea)' are called 'JANGSEUNG.' In a book 'TAMRA GINYEON (a historical record on JEJU Island, South Korea)' it is written that KIM MONG GYU, JEJU governor, erected ONGJUNG Stones outside the fortress gate. ONGJUNG Stones usually refer to stone statues erected in front of ancient kings or dignitaries' mausoleums. Moreover, they were geomantic figures erected to suppress miasma. A magazine 'GWANGJUEUPJI (a journal on old GWANGJU, South Korea, 1899)' shows that two two ONGJUNG Stones were so erected that they might look at each other to suppress miasma from a pathway through which lucks lose. On the two stone figures located in BUAN-EUP, North JEOLLA Province, South Korea, inscriptions 'SANGWON JUJANGGUN' and 'HAWON DANGJANGGUN' were engraved. The words are to identify the figures' sexes. They are a kind of optative geomantic figures, and therefore there is no reason to call them 'JANGSAENG' or 'JANGSEUNG' or 'DANGSAN.' The words 'SANGWON' and 'HAWON' are closely associated with Taoism. Since then, the words have been widely used as inscriptions on stone figures in temples, and subsequently are used for JANGSEUNGs. A hatted ONGJUNG Stone, found in BUKANSAN Fortress, disappeared and other ones may be being buried somewhere. Meanwhile, ONGJUNG Stones in JEJU Island and stone figures in BUAN-EUP have hardly been displaced and thus have properly functioned. Stone figures, made in those days, seem to be most similar in function to JANGSAENGs made during the GORYEO Dynasty. Specifically, like earlier JANGSAENGs, stone figures made during the early to mid-18th century were likely to function not only as optative figures but as boundary stones. Most of stone figures in temples were made whenever the land use survey was conducted throughout the nation, but given that at the same period of time, the commonalty filed many lawsuits against grave sites, temples might erect many stone figures to mark their territories. Currently, wooden or stone figures are commonly called 'JANGSEUNG', but they were erected in different epochs and for different reasons. Their origins are to be sought in stone figures that functioned not only as optative figures in temples but as boundary stones during the GORYEO Dynasty.