• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 2021

Many survivors of sexual violence disclose their experience to others. When they receive negative social reactions, this can be a traumatic event for the survivor where their trust towards others is violated and can cause posttraumatic cognitions and depression. Likewise, institutional betrayal, or negative reactions from trusted institutions regarding the disclosure of sexual victimization can be a traumatic event for the survivor and is associated with depression as well. However, studies investigating the mechanism underlying the relationship between institutional betrayal and depression is yet limited. Therefore, based on cognitive behavioral theory (CBT), which is known as the most effective approach to date for understanding and treating posttraumatic symptoms, this study examined if posttraumatic cognitions mediate the relationship between institutional betrayal and depression. Questionnaires were administered to 462 women who had experienced institutional betrayal to their sexual victimization. Results showed that institutional betrayal had an effect on depression only through negative cognitions about the self and world. This suggests the importance of identifying and treating trauma-related cognitions in order to prevent or cure depression of those who had experienced institutional betrayal to their sexual victimization. Limitations and implications of this study are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effects of electric stimulation conditions on in vitro developmental ability of procine embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer, The porcine ear cell was cultured in vifro for confluency in serum-starvation condition (TCM-199＋0.5% FBS) for cell confluency. The zona pellucida of IVM oocytes were partially drilled using laser system. Single somatic cell was individually transferred into the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed embryos were electrically fused with 0.3M mannitol. After electric fusion, the embryos were activated and cultured in NCSU-23 medium containing 10% FBS at 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 6 to 8 days. Nuclear transferred(NT) oocytes which fused at a field strength of 1.90kv/cm showed a higher (P<0.05) fusion rate(49.5%, 50/101) compared to 2.10 kv/cm(25.8%, 24/93) or 2.50kv/cm(30.3%, 27/89). After electric activation, the cleavage rate of NT embryos was 48.0(24/50), 66.6(16/24) and 70.3% (19/27), respectively and these were not different. There was no significant difference in fusion rate by duration and pulse of electric stimulation. In cleavage rate, however, more NT embryos(76.3%, 45/59) cleaved at 60 $\mu$sec twice than other embryos(49.1 to 56.5%) with different conditions of electric stimulation(P<0.05). NT embryos activated at a field strength of 1.50kv/cm showed a higher developmental rate(9.8%, 5/51) than those embryos activated at 1.25kv/cm(0%) or parthenotes(6.4%, 7/109). These results suggest that some factors such as field strength, duration and pulse of electric stimulation could be affected to in vitro developmental ability of nuclear transplanted porcine embryos.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2002

본 실험은 Piezo-미세조작기(PrimeTech Ltd., Japan)를 사용하여 마우스 핵이식 후 재구축배를 CZB와 KSOM 두가지 배양액을 사용하여 체외배양성적을 비교 검토하였다. MII의 미수정란은 성숙한 4~5주령 B6D2Fl에 hCG 주사 후 14시간째에 과적 방법을 통해 난관의 팽대부로 부터 회수하였고, metaphase II chromosome-spindle complex와 최소량의 세포질을 내경이 10$\mu\textrm{m}$인 피펫으로 흡입하여 탈핵하였다. 핵이식에 사용된 난구세포(8-l0$\mu\textrm{m}$)는 3시간동안 12% PVP 에처리 하여 piezo-미세조작기를 이용하여 세포질에 세포의 핵을 직접 미세주입 하였다. 핵이식 후 생존한 재구축배는 2시간동안 배양한 후 10mM SrC1$_2$와 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 cytochalasin B가 첨가된 $Ca^{2＋}$-free CZB에서 6시간 활성화 처리하였다, 활성화 처리 후 위전핵이 관찰된 재구축란을 CZB 와 KSOM 배지에서 배양하면서 발달률을 비교하였고, 상실배 및 배반포배로 발달한 재구축배를 day 3 대리모에 이식하였다. 표 1에서 보는 바와 같이 재구축배의 2-cell로의 발달률에 있어서 KSOM이 CZB에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 또한 4-cell과 상실배/배반 포배로의 발달률에 있어서도 KSOM이 CZB에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 발달률을 나타내었다(P<0.01). 또한 KSOM 배지에서 배양된 상실배/배반포배를 대리모에 이식한 경우에 11.5 d.p.c에 생존한 태아가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 핵이식 재구축배의 활성화 처리 후의 발생에는 KSOM 배지가 CZB 배지에 비하여 유효함을 확인 할 수 있었다.그와 같은 배양 기술을 이용하여 외래유전자를 도입한 일련의 결과에 관하여 보고 하고자한다., 이것은 세포내 유전자가 transfection되지 않은 세포도 neo selection에서 선발된다는 것을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 체세포를 이용한 형질전환동물 생산을 위해서는 세포내 유전자 도입과 선발 과정에서 나타난 colony에 대하여 보다 엄격한 screen을 하는 것이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.로 우점하였다. 여름철 식물플랑크톤 대발생에 영향은 수온과 직산염이 중요하였으나, 부유물질 크게 기여하지 못하였다.애를 확인하고 지도 관점을 파악하는 것을 포함한다. 그러나 본 논문은 역사발생적 수학 학습-지도 원리의 실제적인 적용에 관하여는 기초적인 연구에 지나지 않기 때문에, 역사발생적 원리를 학교수학에 실제적으로 적용하기 위해서는 각각의 내용에 대한 철저한 역사적 분석을 바탕으로 하는 후속 연구가 필요하다./TEX>구성교육${\lrcorner}$이 조선총독부의 관리하에서 실행되었다는 것을, 당시의 사범학교를 중심으로 한 교육조직을 기술한 문헌에 의해 규명시켰다.nd of letter design which represents -natural objects and was popular at the time of Yukjo Dynasty, and there are some documents of that period left both in Japan and Korea. "Hyojedo" in Korea is supposed to have been influenced by the letter design. Asite- is also considered to have been "Japanese Letter Jobcheso." Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into the origin of the letter designs in t

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2003

Human thrombopoietin (hTPO) is a cytokine that plays a central role in megakaryopoiesis. To direct hTPO expression in the mammary gland, an expression vector was constructed by combining the promoter of bovine beta-casein gene, cDNA of hTPO and neomycin resistance gene (pBT-L neo). Fibroblast cells derived from cow's ear skin tissue were transfected with the expression vector (pBT-L neo) using Lipofectamine. Transfected cells resistant to G418 trea？nt were cultured to form the colonies for more than 2 weeks. The transformed colonies identified by PCR were further expanded prior to nuclear transfer. Reconstructed oocytes with transformed cells were electrofused, activated using calcium ionophore and 6-DMAP, and cultured in vitro for 7 days. Of 35 cell colonies analyzed by PCR, 29 colonies (82.9%) were positive for the hTPO gene. Cleavage and developmental rates to the blastocyst stage of reconstructed embryos with the transformed cells were 65.1% and 23.8%, respectively Of 29 blastocysts that developed from reconstructed embryos with the transformed cells, 27 embryos (93.1%) were transgenic. These results indicate that transgenic bovine embryos can be efficiently produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer using transformed cells.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

DNA methylation is involved in tissue-specific gene control and essential for normal embryo development Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) is one of the most important transcription factors for early differentiation. This study was performed whether the bovine Oct-4 is tissue specific or developmental dependent epigenetic mark, we investigated transcripts and the methylation status of CpGs of 5'-promoter region of Oct-4 in bovine preimplantation embryos. Oct-4 transcripts were highly detected in morula and blastocyst, while they were present low levels in sperm and 2- to 8-cell stage embryos. These results suggest that de novo expression of Oct-4 initiates at morula stage of embryogenesis. Here we determined that there is a tissue-dependent differentially methylated region (T-DMR) in the 5'-promoter region of Oct-4. The methylation status of the Oct-4 T-DMR was distinctively different in the oocyte from that in the sperm and adult somatic tissues and changed from zygote to blastocyst stage, suggesting that active methylation and demethylation occur during preimplantation development. Based on these results, the 5'-promoter region of Oct-4 gene is target for DNA methylation and the methylation status changes variously during embryonic development in bovine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.899-907
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• 1997

Recently, primary lung cancer has increased markedly in incidence & prevalence in korea. Prom July 1979 to June 1996, 183 patients were diagnosed and operated for primary non-small cell lung cancer, and evaluated clinically. 1. There were 164 males and 19 females(M:P=8.6: 1), and the peak incidence of age was 50th and 60th decade of life(73.7%). 2. Most of symptoms were respiratory, whitch were cough(44.8%), chest pain(30.1%), dyspnea(20.8%), hemoptysis or blood tinged sputum(19.7%), sputum(15.3%), and asymptomatic cases were 12.0%. 3. Histopathologically, sguamous cell carcinoma was 68.9%, adenocarcinoma 19.7%, bronchioloalveol r cell carcinoma 2.2%, adenosguamous cell carcinoma 1.6%, and large cell carcinoma 7.7%. 4. In the operation, pneumonectomy was 41.0%, lobectomy 42.1%, bilobectomy 13.1%, stagmentectomy or wedge resection 1.6%, and explore tharacotomy 2.2%, and the overall resectability was 97.8%. 5. Postoperative complications were developed in 31.9%, and operative mortality was 1.6%. 6. In postoperative stagings, stage I was 38.3%, stage H 14.8%, stage llla 31.1%, and stage IIIb 15.8%. 7. The overall cumulative survival rates were 1 year 77.8%, 3 year 42.7%, and 5 year 39.5%. The 5 year survival rate according to stage were stage 153.0%, stage H 46.5%, stage I[la 28.2%, and stage IIIb 13.8%(p<0.05), according to operation method were lobectomy 45.0%, and pneumonectomy 30.3%(p<0.05), and according to mediastinal involvement were Nl 32.0%, and N2 11.1%(p<0.05). The 5 year survival rate according to histologic type were squamous cell carcinoma 43.1%, adenocarcinoma 23.3%, and large cell carcinoma 30.3 (p>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental potential of cloned embryos derived from bovine fetal fibroblast cells, and the effect of quiescent treatment, passage number and origin of donor cells on in vitro development of cloned embryos. Fetal skin and liver-derived fibroblast cells were transferred to enucleated oocytes after serum starvation or nontreatment (cycling). After electrofusion. reconstituted embryos were activated with $Ca^{＋＋}$-ionophore and cycloheximide, and cocultured for 7~9 days with BRL cells. Some blastocysts were transferred to recipient cows 7~8 days post estrus. The development rate to the blastocyst stage of serum starved cell-derived embryos was higher (25.3%) than that of actively dividing cells-derived embryos (15.9%), The rates of blastocyst formation were 23.1~25.0% after transfer of cell passaged 4 to 6 times, and 23.8 and 25.2% after transfer of fetal skin and liver cells, respectively. After embryo transfer, 34.4% and 15.6% of recipient cows were pregnant on Day 60 and 120, respectively, and one male calf was produced from skin-derived vitrified blastocyst. The result of this study showed that the development of cloned embryos. was enhanced by quiescent treatment, but did not different among the cells passaged 4 to 6 times, and between skin and liver cells. This result also confirms that offspring can be obtained from the vitrified clone embryo derived from fetal skin cell.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

To develop transgenic orchardgrass resistant to reactive oxygen species produced from environmental stresses, a vector with the cytosolic glutathione reductase cDNA (BcGRl) from Chinese cabbage was constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and was introduced into orchardgrass using Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101. Transgenic plants from hygromycin-selected calli of orchardgrass did not show any morphological difference from wild-type plants. The results of PCR amplification and genomic Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of foreign gene into the chromosome of transgenic orchardgrass. Northern blot analysis with total RNA from leaves also confirmed the constitutive expression of BcGR1 in transgenic orchardgrass.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2002

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 생쥐 Dazla 유전자의 난소내 발현 위치를 확인하고, 배아의 발달에 따른 Dazla 유전자의 발현 양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 임신 제 7일, 10일, 11일, 14일의 태자 (각각 n=9)와 생후 27일된 암컷 미성숙 생쥐 (n=32), 8주령의 암컷 성숙 생쥐 (n=9)로 부터 난자, 과립막세포, 난소 조직을 획득하였으며, 9주령의 수컷 성숙 생쥐 (n=3)로부터 고환 조직을 획득하였다. 각각의 획득된 조직과 세포에서 Dazla mRNA의 발현 여부를 RT-PCR, in situ hybridization (ISH) 방법 등으로 확인하였다. 성선자극호르몬을 투여하지 않은 미성숙 및 성숙 생쥐에서 획득한 미성숙 난자 (GV)와 PMSG와 hCG를 투여한 미성숙 및 성숙 생쥐에서 획득한 성숙 난자 (MII)에서 RT-PCR로 Dazla 유전자의 발현 여부를 확인하였다. 미성숙 및 성숙 생쥐의 난소 조직과 성숙 생쥐의 고환 조직에서 RT-PCR 및 ISH 방법으로 Dazla 유전자의 발현 여부를 확인하였다. 결 과: 난소의 과립막세포에서는 미성숙 및 성숙 생쥐, PMSG와 hCG 투여 여부 등과 상관없이 모두 Dazla 유전자의 발현은 음성으로 판정되었다. PMSG 및 hCG를 투여하지 않은 난소에서 획득한 미성숙난자 (germinal vesicle, GV) 또는 PMSG 및 hCG 투여 후 채취한 성숙 난자 (metaphase II, MII) 모두 Dazla 유전자가 발현되었다. Dazla 유전자의 발현은 수정 직후 (2PN) 음성으로 전환되었으며, 착상 직전의 배반포 시기까지 유전자 발현이 음성으로 지속되었다. Dazla 유전자는 임신 제 7일 (PCD 7), 10일 (PCD 10), 11일 (PCD 11)의 태자에서도 유전자 발현이 계속 음성으로 관찰되었으나, 성 분화가 일어나기 시작하는 임신 제 $12{\sim}14$일 (PCD $12{\sim}14$)의 태자에서 유전자 발현이 다시 관찰되었다. 결 론: Dazla 유전자는 난소 내 난자에서만 특이적으로 발현하는 난자 특이 유전자 (oocyte specific factor)로서 Dazla 유전자가 난소 내 난포 생성과 관련성이 있음을 제시하고 있다. 향후 조기 폐경 환자에서의 연관성 등을 확인한다면 임상적으로 유용한 지표가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.920-926
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• 1997

Remarkable effect of pain relief and prevention of the postoperative Complications after thoracotomy has been achieved by continuous intravenous analgesia. This study was carried out with thirty patients who underwent posterolateral thoraco tony. The patients were divided into three groups: Group I(n= 10), the patients with intermittent intramuscular analgesia(piroxicam 20 mg), Group II(n=10), the patients with continuous epidural analgesia(0.5% bupivacaine 30m1 + normal saline 30 ml + morphine 10 mg), and Group III(n= 10) the patients with controlled intravenous infusion of analgesics(fentanyl 2500 mfg +normal saline 10 ml). The results w re as follows; 1) There were no significant changes of vital signs, between groups. 2) Tidal volume and FVC were significantly improved in the group II and III compared with the group I during the first postoperative day. 3) A significant reduction of immediate post-thoracotomy pain was achieved in the group II and III compared with the group I. 4) The limitation of motion in the operative side was less in the group II and III compared with the group I. 5) A signi(icant reduction of the postoperative analgegics consumption was noticed in group II and III. 6) Significant complications were not occured during follow-up period in all groups.