• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1245-1255
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable evaluating instrument for elementary school fifth and sixth graders. The instrument is developed through R&D procedure, which includes two checks of science specialist and two field trials of the instrument. Evaluating items are content-free for each science inquiry skill. Each science inquiry element is based on SAPA and the 7th curriculum. This study has selected 10 science inquiry skills(observing, classifying, measuring, predicting, inferring, recognizing of a problem, controlling variables, interpreting data, drawing a conclusion, designing an experiment), formulated a clear definition of the elements of science inquiry skills, and established the objectives of evaluation. The content areas are divided into three categories, material and energy, life and environment, and the earth and circulation. Each category contains 10 items. So the instrument consists of 30 items. The content validity of items, objectivity of the scoring keys, and clarity of the items has been checked twice by specialists in science education. At the same time, two field trials were performed to produce the reliability of the instruments, discrimination index, and item difficulty index. The instrument has the content validity is 91.6%, reliability 0.79, objectivity 93.3%, discrimination index 0.30, and item difficulty index 66.1%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.16-30
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• 2023

As the concept of metaverse has received great attention, interest in metaverse related to landscape architecture is also increasing. The aim of this research is to understand the potential and tasks of applying metaverse in the field of landscape architecture by analyzing the user experience of a metaverse platform. The object of the research is Meta-Everland built in the Roblox platform, which has the most users among landscape architectural metaverses in Korea. NPS of 30 users who have been to Everalnd was investigated after using Meta-Everland with interviews. NPS before the metaverse experience was -16 and NPS after the experience was -24. This result means that the promotion level was lowered after the experience of the metaverse. There were three causes of lowered NPS: lack of users, low-quality graphics and interface, and lack of content. The factor of lack of users was the result of the other two problems. The factor of low technical quality is hard to be improved in a short period of time. Therefore, the main task to improve the metaverse is developing better metaverse content related to landscape architecture. It is more appropriate to develop metaverse-specific content rather than improve reality issues. Applying AR and VR devices, enhancing communication function, and developing potential as a simulation device are needed to be considered.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.454-472
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• 2014

This study is to analyze the approaches of development discourse and its representation in geography curriculum and textbooks for middle school in Korea. The paper examines the spectrum of development discourse in terms of modernization theory, dependency theory, neoliberalism, grassroots development, sustainable development, postcolonism, post-structuralism and post-development. The findings on geography textbook analysis based on them are as follows. First, Most of the textbooks don't include the definition and operational definition on development and sustainable development. Second, development indicators rely on normal economic indicators like GDP or GNI per capita. HDI that includes GDP per capita, level of education and life expectancy is treated in some of the textbooks, and gender index is never presented. Third, a textbook still uses biased terms such as developed and most developed countries instead of developing countries. Fourth, in plans to solve economic unequality and geographical problems, personal level is treated less than the global, nation and NGOs. Finally, statements on sustainable development contain only intergenerational equity, not intergenerational equity. And approaches on sustainable development are based on technocentric approaches more than ecocentric approaches. Thus geography textbooks should be carefully written on development discourse by authors.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.39-58
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• 2004

After SERVQUAL was proposed as a measure of perceived service quality, several arguments have been made against its validity and some competing measures have been developed. This paper reviews those controversies. Particularly, it compares the concept of expectation in the research of service quality with that in the research of satisfaction, re-purchase intention and suggests the authors' opinion. In addition, the paper suggests sequential casual relations among expectation, perceived performance and perceived service quality. With the help of previous researches concerning "SERVQUAL" and the related topics, six variables concerning travel services were identified. The six variables are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurances, empathy and costs. Seven hypotheses were developed using these variables. The review of literature covers service's concept, model and method of service quality evaluation, and relationship among the concepts which is related to the service quality. The results of our study suggest further research is necessary to clarify which one is a better tool because we have a conflicting research outcome in terms of model fitting. The study also shows that assurances and costs have positive effect on customer satisfaction. It also turned out that customer satisfaction has positive effect on repurchase intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 1995

The maneuverabilities of the M.S. TAMYANG are studied, based on maneuvering indices and the data obtained from her Z test. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The maneuvering indices K'and T'of the M.S. TAMYANG are 0.9464, 0.6895 at 10$^{\circ}$Z test and 0.8651, 0.4224 at 20$^{\circ}$Z test and 0.8349, 0.4328 at 30$^{\circ}$Z test respectively. The above calculated values K', T'showed that her maneuverabilities are more effective when the rudder is used to small angle than to large angle. 2. As her maneuvering indices K'and T'at 10$^{\circ}$Z test are smaller than the standard maneuvering indices of fishing boats, her turning ability was found to be lower but her obeying ability higher. 3. The running distance of a turn at her 10$^{\circ}$Z test was about 8.8 times her own length and she was considered to have good maneuverabilities synthetically.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4266-4272
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of physical activity program on obese young children's body composition and basic motor skills. The physical activity program was conducted with 16 participants whose Kaup Index were higher than 20 were divided into 2 groups(experimental group and control group) for 12 weeks three times a week. Results of the study are as following. First, the physical activity program was found to improve sub-factors of body composition(weight, body fat mass, % body fat, lean body mass and total body water) in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was statistically significant difference between two groups. Second, the physical activity program was found to improve locomotor and manipulation skills of basic motor skills in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups. Based on these results, the physical activity program have positive effects on the changes in obese young children's body composition and basic motor skills.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.83-108
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• 2019

This study investigated South Korean citizens' political communication and deliberation through Twitter during the 2014 General Election, focusing on influential opinion leaders' political information behaviors. Individual semi-structured interviews were administered with 13 opinion leaders using the multiple interview modes of email interviews, Skype interview and face to face interviews. Through the analytical lens of the theory of Information Worlds, the chosen social types and social norms of opinion leaders impacted their political information behaviors, including how they assessed, shared, exchanged, or avoided information, and, in turn, created boundaries between and around their information worlds that allowed for both conflict and synergy.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of shade and thickness of resin-nanoceramic CAD-CAM block (RNB) on the microhardness of dual-cured resin cement, as well as to measure the number of photons transmitted through RNBs of different thicknesses and colors. One dual-cured resin cement was used to prepare resin cement specimens. Resin cement specimens were light-cured for 40 seconds through 3 shades (A1, A2, A3 in HT (high translucency) and LT (low translucency) respectively) and four thicknesses (1, 2, 3, 4 mm) of RNB specimens. Vickers microhardness measurements of resin cement specimens were performed using a Vickers hardness tester. The light transmission of RNB specimens was measured using a spectrometer (SpectroPro-500, Acton Research, Acton, MA, U.S.A.), and the translucency parameter was calculated using the CIEL*a*b* system. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. There was a significant decrease of microhardness of resin cement specimen with an overlay of 4 mm of RNB thickness and A3 shade in comparison to A1 and 1 mm, respectively (p<0.05). The translucency parameter values and light transmission of RNBs tested differed significantly, according to the thicknesses of the specimen (p<0.05). Light transmission is decreased with increase in the thicknesses of RNBs. Shade A1 transmitted more light than darker blocks. A decrease in microhardness of resin cement specimens was observed with increasing thickness and shade (A1 to A3) of RNBs.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

Objective : This study was examined the effects of task-oriented training therapy after botulinum toxin injection, upper extremity function and activities of daily living for stroke patient. Methods : The subject was a 44 year old male who suffered from hemiplegic patient received a task-oriented training therapy after botulinum toxin injection on involved upper extremity for 30-min sessions 5 times every week during 8 weeks. The scores were obtained before the injection, at 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the injection. The upper extremity function was assessed using a Manual Function Test and Box and Block Test, and also Modified Barthel Index was applied for evaluation of Activities of Daily Living performance ability. Results : The results of this study show that the subject's In-hand manipulation and dexterity function increase significantly. Also, In activities of daily living, personal hygiene area, feeding area, toilet area, dressing area scores are improved significantly. Conclusion : Through this study, task-oriented training after botulinum toxin injection can improve upper extremity function and Activities of Daily Living performance ability of patient with stroke.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

Numerical model tests are done in order to evaluate impact zone of low salinity water on outer region of the developing Saemankeum reservoir. Also saline mixing processes are investigated f3r the inner reservoir with consideration of Mankyoung and Donjin riverine flood discharges when sea water is passing freely through gate. In these analyses 2-d ADCIRC, 3-d TIDED3D and CE-QUAL-ICM models are used. Through models tests, it is found that inner reservoir mixing process caused by inflow of outer sea water occurs gradually. It takes at least one month for complete mixing on Mankyoung part and 6 month on Dongjin part of the reservoir. When Sinsi or Garyeok gates are opened to control inner reservoir level, discharging velocities decrease exponentially from the gates, but show very strong currents of 0.5m/sec to the 10Km region apart. These results imply that hydrodynamic circulation and ecosystem of frontal region of the Saemankeum dike might be affected in amount by gate operations, since low saline inner waters are discharged periodically at ebb tide according to tidal level.